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Guo Y, Yang C, Guo R, Huang R, Su Y, Wang S, Kong Y, Wang J, Tan C, Mo C, Wu C, Zhao B. CHOP Regulates Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Mediated Hepatoxicity Induced by Monocrotaline. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:685895. [PMID: 34108882 PMCID: PMC8181757 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.685895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Monocrotaline (MCT), a pyrrolizidine alkaloid, is the major toxin in Crotalaria, which causes cell apoptosis in humans and animals. It has been reported that the liver is a vulnerable target of MCT. However, the exact molecular mechanism of the interaction between endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and liver injury induced by MCT is still unclear. In this study, the cytotoxicity of MCT on primary rat hepatocytes was analyzed by a CCK-8 assay and Annexin V-FITC/PI assay. Protein expression was detected by western blotting and immunofluorescence staining. As a result, MCT significantly decreased the cell viability and mediated the apoptosis of primary rat hepatocytes. Meanwhile, MCT could also induce ER stress in hepatocytes, indicated by the expression of ER stress-related proteins, including GRP78, p-IRE1α, ATF6, p-eIF2α, ATF4, and CHOP. Pretreatment with 4-PBA, an inhibitor of ER stress, or knockdown of CHOP by siRNA could partly enhance cell viability and relieve the apoptosis. Our findings indicate that ER stress is involved in the hepatotoxicity induced by MCT, and CHOP plays an important role in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazhou Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.,Institute of Poisonous Plants in Western China, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Chen Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.,Institute of Poisonous Plants in Western China, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Rong Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.,Institute of Poisonous Plants in Western China, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Ruijie Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.,Institute of Poisonous Plants in Western China, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yongxia Su
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.,Institute of Poisonous Plants in Western China, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.,Institute of Poisonous Plants in Western China, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yezi Kong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.,Institute of Poisonous Plants in Western China, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Jianguo Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.,Institute of Poisonous Plants in Western China, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Chengjian Tan
- Department of Biotechnology, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang, China
| | - Chonghui Mo
- College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Chenchen Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.,Institute of Poisonous Plants in Western China, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Baoyu Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.,Institute of Poisonous Plants in Western China, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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Guo Y, Guo R, Su Y, Fu J, Wang S, Kong Y, Wu C, Wang J, Tan C, Mo C, Zhao B. The PERK/eIF2α/ATF4/CHOP pathway plays a role in regulating monocrotaline-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress in rat liver. Res Vet Sci 2020; 130:237-239. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2020.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Brown AC. Liver toxicity related to herbs and dietary supplements: Online table of case reports. Part 2 of 5 series. Food Chem Toxicol 2016; 107:472-501. [PMID: 27402097 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND No online current list of potentially life-threatening, hepatotoxic herbs and dietary supplements based on PubMed case reports exists in a summarized tabular form. METHODS Documented case reports of herbs or dietary supplements (DS; includes herbs) appearing to contribute to liver injury were used to create an online "DS Toxic Table" of potentially hepatotoxic herbs and dietary supplements (PubMed, 1966 to June, 2016, and cross-referencing). The spectrum of DS induced liver injuries (DSILI) included elevated liver enzymes, hepatitis, steatosis, cholestasis, hepatic necrosis, hepatic fibrosis, hepatic cirrhosis, veno-occlusive disease, acute liver failure requiring a liver transplant, and death. RESULTS Over the past 50 years, approximately 21 herbs (minus germander and usnic acid that are no longer sold) and 12 dietary supplements (minus the nine no longer sold and vitamin A & niacin due to excess intake) posed a possible risk for liver injures in certain individuals. The herbs with the most number of reported publications (but not cases studies) in descending order, were germander, black cohosh, kava extract, and green tea extract. CONCLUSION These online DS Toxic Tables will contribute to continued Phase IV post marketing surveillance to detect possible liver toxicity cases and serve to forewarn consumers, clinicians, and corporations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Christine Brown
- Department of Complementary and Alternative Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, 651 Ilalo Street, MEB 223, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA.
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