H pylori seropositivity and cytokine gene polymorphisms

Effects of active and latent H. pylori infection coupled with chronic alcohol ingestion on cytokine profiles and markers of oxidative balance in men seropositive for H. pylori CagA Ab: An observational study

This study aimed to explore the effects of active and latent Helicobacter pylori infection coupled with alcohol consumption on cytokine profiles and markers of oxidative balance in men seropositive for H. pylori CagA Ab.The 100 male subjects were divided into groups with active H. pylori infection and H. pylori CagA Ab coupled with chronic alcohol ingestion (group A, n = 38), latent H. pylori infection with H. pylori CagA Ab coupled with chronic alcohol ingestion (group B, n = 30), and latent H. pylori infection with H. pylori CagA Ab without chronic alcohol ingestion (group C, n = 32).No differences in serum levels of CRP, IL-10, ADP, E-selectin, MDA, or SOD were detected between the 3 groups or between any 2 groups (all P > .05). The serum IL-6 and TNF-α concentrations in groups A and B were significantly lower than those in group C (P = .004, P = .005, P = .009, and P = .023). However, there were no differences in serum IL-6 and TNF-α between group A and group B (all P > .05).In conclusion, active or latent H. pylori infection coupled with chronic alcohol ingestion may decrease certain cytokines, that is, IL-6 and TNF-α, in men with H. pylori CagA Ab seropositivity. However, there was no difference in the detected cytokine profile between active and latent H. pylori infection coupled with chronic alcohol ingestion, and no changes were detected in markers of oxidative balance in men with H. pylori CagA Ab.

Associations between cytokine gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to Helicobacter pylori infection and Helicobacter pylori related gastric cancer, peptic ulcer disease: A meta-analysis

Objectives

The aim of this study is to clarify the associations between IL-1B31C/T, IL-1B-511C/T, IL-8-251T/A gene polymorphisms and the risk of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection together with H. pylori-related gastric cancer (GC), peptic ulcer disease (PUD).

Methods

All eligible literature published up to July 2016 were identified by searching Pubmed, Embase, Web of Science and CNKI. Pooled odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were calculated using a fixed or random effects model.

Results

29 case-control studies were eligible, and each of them may focus on more than one gene polymorphism. Ultimately, there were 21 studies (3159 cases and 2816 controls) for IL-1B-31C/T, 16 studies (2486 cases and 1989 controls) for IL-1B-511C/T polymorphisms, 9 studies (1963 cases and 1205 controls) for IL-8-251T/A polymorphisms. Overall, an increased risk of H. pylori infection was found for IL-1B-31C/T polymorphisms in total population [OR = 1.134, 95%CI = 1.008–1.275 for recessive model; OR = 1.145, 95%CI = 1.007–1.301 for TT vs CC model]. While, for IL-1B-511C/T and IL8-251T/A polymorphisms, no evidence indicated that they were associated with the risk of H. pylori infection in all genetic models. Furthermore, we found an increased risk of H. pylori-related GC with IL-1B-511C/T polymorphisms [OR = 1.784, 95%CI = 1.289–2.469 for recessive model; OR = 1.772, 95%CI = 1.210–2.594 for TT vs CC model] and IL8-251A/T polymorphisms [OR = 1.810, 95%CI = 1.229–2.667 for recessive model; OR = 1.717, 95%CI = 1.143–2.580 for TT vs AA model], an increased risk of H. pylori-related PUD with IL8-251T/A polymorphisms [OR = 1.364, 95%CI = 1.010–1.843 for recessive model; OR = 1.427, 95%CI = 1.039–1.959 for AA vs TT model].

Conclusions

IL-1B-31C/T gene polymorphisms might increase H. pylori infection risk. IL-1B-511-C/T and IL-8-251T/A gene polymorphisms might act as a risk factor to H. pylori-related diseases including GC or PUD

Association between TNFA Gene Polymorphisms and Helicobacter pylori Infection: A Meta-Analysis

Background

Several host genetic factors are thought to affect susceptibility to Helicobacter pylori infection-related diseases, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. Previous studies have evaluated the association between TNFA gene polymorphisms and H. pylori infection, but the results were inconclusive. We conducted this meta-analysis to clarify the association between TNFA polymorphisms and H. pylori infection.

Methods

Published literature within PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were used in our meta-analysis. Data were analyzed with the Stata13.1 software package using pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CI).

Results

A total of 24 studies were included in our study. The TNFA -308G>A polymorphism was associated with decreasing H. pylori infection (AA vs. AG+GG, OR = 0.64, 95% CI = 0.43–0.97; AA vs. GG, OR = 0.64, 95% CI = 0.43–0.97). A significantly decreased risk was also found for -1031T>C polymorphism (CC vs. CT+TT, OR = 0.61, 95% CI = 0.44–0.84). -863C>A polymorphism was associated with increasing risk of H. pylori infection (AA+AC vs. CC, OR = 1.47, 95% CI = 1.16–1.86; A allele vs. C allele, OR = 1.40, 95% CI = 1.14–1.72). There was no significant association between -857C>T polymorphism and H. pylori infection. When stratified analysis was conducted on H. pylori infection detection methods, -857C>T and -863C>A polymorphisms were associated with H. pylori infection for the non-ELISA subgroup. When stratified for ethnicity or study design, -863C>A significantly increased the risk and -1031T>C decreased the risk for the Asian subgroup and hospital-based subgroup.

Conclusion

Results of our meta-analysis demonstrate that TNFA -308G>A and -1031 T>C polymorphisms may be protective factors against H. pylori infection, and -863C>A may be a risk factor, especially in Asian populations. Further studies with larger sample sizes are required to validate these results.

Association between the IL1B -31C > T polymorphism and Helicobacter pylori infection in Asian and Latin American population: A meta-analysis

BACKGROUND

Host genetic factors that control the production of cytokines, including interleukin-1β (IL-1β), possibly affect susceptibility to many Helicobacter pylori-related diseases. There is a complex interplay between H. pylori infection, the subsequent production of certain cytokines, and H. pylori-related diseases. We conducted a meta-analysis to clarify the association between the IL1B -31C > T polymorphism and H. pylori infection, and possible subsequent pathogenic mechanisms.

METHODS

Published literature contained within PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library was used in our meta-analysis. Data were analyzed with the STATA 13.1 software package using pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Egger's regression test, Begg's rank correlation test, and Begg's funnel plot were used to test publication bias.

RESULTS

A total of 12 case-control studies comprising 5827 subjects (3335 cases and 2492 controls) were available for our meta-analysis. The IL1B -31C > T polymorphism was associated with an increased risk of H. pylori infection in Asian and Latin American population (TT + CT vs. CC, OR = 1.29, 95% CI = 1.14-1.46; TT vs. CT + CC, OR = 1.23, 95% CI = 1.09-1.39; TT vs. CC, OR = 1.43, 95% CI = 1.22-1.67; T allele vs. C allele, OR = 1.19, 95% CI = 1.10-1.29). A significant association was also found for all genetic models in various subgroups (cancer and no-cancer, hospital- and population-based).

CONCLUSION

Our meta-analysis demonstrated that IL1B -31C > T polymorphism might increase H. pylori infection risk in Asian and Latin American population. Further studies with different ethnicities and larger sample size are required to validate this result.

Effect of H. pylori Infection on Cytokine Profiles and Oxidative Balance in Subjects with Chronic Alcohol Ingestion

Different amounts of ingested alcohol can have distinct effects on the human body. However, there is limited research on chronic alcohol consumption with Helicobacter pylori infection. We sought to investigate the relationship between the cytokine profile, oxidative balance and H. pylori infection in subjects with chronic alcohol consumption. A total of 142 subjects were divided into three groups: 59 subjects with chronic alcohol ingestion and H. pylori infection (group A); 53 subjects with chronic alcohol ingestion without H. pylori infection (group B); and 30 control subjects (group C). The serum levels of CagA, interleukin (IL)-10, E-selectin, TNF-α, malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We found that the ages and serum H. pylori CagA levels among the three groups, as well as both the mean drinking age and the mean daily alcohol consumption between groups A and B, were matched and comparable. Comparing the BMIs among the three groups, the BMI differences were found to be statistically significant (F=3.921, P<0.05). Compared with group C, the BMIs in groups A and B were significantly higher (P<0.001 and P<0.01, respectively); however, the BMI differences between group A and group B were not statistically significant (P>0.05). Additionally, no differences in the serum CagA levels were found in comparisons among the groups (all P>0.05). The serum IL-10 and E-selectin levels in group A were significantly lower than those in group B (serum IL-10: P<0.05; E-selectin: P<0.05). The serum IL-10 in group A was significantly higher than that in group C (P<0.01); the serum E-selectin levels in group A did not significantly differ compared with those in group C (P>0.05). Furthermore, the serum IL-10 and E-selectin levels in group B were significantly higher than those in group C (serum IL-10: P<0.001; E-selectin: P<0.05); however, the serum TNF-α levels did not differ among groups (all P>0.05). Although the serum levels of MDA and SOD in groups A and B were slightly lower than those in group C, there were no significant differences among groups (all P>0.05). In conclusion, we believe that H. pylori infection might cause a significant inhibition of certain cytokine profiles in subjects with chronic alcohol ingestion. Moreover, chronically ingested alcohol may exert an adjusted inflammatory effect, but there was no association between H. pylori infection, chronic alcohol consumption and oxidative balance.

Clinical significance of Helicobacter pylori infection in patients with acute coronary syndromes: an overview of current evidence

Although Helicobacter pylori (Hp) primarily colonizes gastric mucosa, it can occasionally inhabit in atherosclerotic plaques. Both forms of Hp infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis via activation of a systemic or local inflammatory host reaction and induction of plaque progression and/or instability, possibly leading to coronary syndromes. The association between Hp infection and cardiovascular endpoint prevalence remains uncertain; however, it has been reported in many epidemiological investigations and may be reasonably explained by pathophysiological mechanisms. Besides the inflammatory pathway, Hp infection may trigger acute coronary syndromes by enhanced platelet reactivity and increased risk of gastrointestinal bleeding (type 2 myocardial infarction). The former seems to be predominantly related to the stimulatory effect of Hp infection on von Willebrand factor-binding and P-selectin activation, and the latter results from cytotoxic bacteria properties and aggravation of digestive tract injury related to aspirin or dual antiplatelet therapy. Despite these premises, the role of Hp infection in cardiovascular syndromes should still be recognized as controversial and requiring randomized, controlled trials to evaluate the outcome of Hp eradication in both cardiac and gastroenterological endpoints. Such need is also justified by potential bias of previous studies resulting from (1) using different diagnostic methods for identification of Hp infection, since only a small number of studies required confirmation of active Hp infection; and from (2) common lack of adjustment for important confounders such as socioeconomic status, smoking and effectiveness of eradication therapy, as well as the genetic characteristics of both the host and the bacterium.

Association of IL1B -511C/-31T haplotype and Helicobacter pylori vacA genotypes with gastric ulcer and chronic gastritis

Background

The association between proinflammatory cytokine gene polymorphisms and gastric diseases related to Helicobacter pylori varies by population and geographic area.

Our objective was to determine if the IL-1B -511 T>C and -31 C>T polymorphisms and H. pylori vacA genotypes are associated with risk of chronic gastritis and gastric ulcer in a Mexican population.

Methods

We conducted endoscopic studies in 128 patients with symptoms of dyspepsia. We took two biopsies from the body, antrum, or ulcer edge from each patient, and classified our histopathological findings according to the Sydney System. H. pylori infection and vacA genotyping were accomplished via PCR from total DNA of the gastric biopsies. We confirmed the presence of anti-H. pylori serum IgG and IgM in 102 control subjects. In both case subjects and control subjects, the IL-1B -511 T>C polymorphism was genotyped by PCR-RFLPs and the IL-1B -31 C>T polymorphism was genotyped by pyrosequencing.

Results

Sixty-two point seven (62.7%) of the 102 control subjects were H. pylori-seropositive. Among the case subjects, 100 were diagnosed with chronic gastritis and 28 with gastric ulcer. We found that 77% of the patients with chronic gastritis and 85.7% of the patients with gastric ulcer were H. pylori-positive. The predominant H. pylori genotype was vacA s1m1 (58.4%) and the most frequent subtype was vacA s1. The -511 TC, (rs16944 -511 T>C) genotype and the -511C allele were associated with chronic gastritis (OR = 3.1, 95% CI = 1.4-6.8 and OR = 3.0, 95% CI = 1.4-6.0, respectively). The subjects carrying -31T (rs1143627 -31 C>T) were found to be at a higher risk of having chronic gastritis (OR = 2.8, 95% CI = 1.3-5.8). The IL-1B -511C/-31T haplotype was associated with chronic gastritis (OR = 2.1, 95% CI = 1.2-3.8) but not with gastric ulcer.

Conclusions

The H. pylori vacA genotypes identified herein were similar to those reported for other regions of Mexico. The vacA s1m1 genotype was not associated with gastric ulcer. In the southern Mexican population, the IL-1B -511C and -31T alleles and the -511C/-31T and -511T/-31T haplotypes are associated with increased risk of chronic gastritis and gastric ulcer.

Helicobacter pylori infection and cytokine gene polymorphisms in Uzbeks

Recent studies have reported that Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) persistent infection and gastric atrophy development were associated with genetic polymorphisms of cytokines. This study aimed to determine possible associations of host genotypes with the seropositivity of anti-H. pylori IgG and anti-CagA IgG, as well as gastric atrophy measured with serum pepsinogens (PG) among an Uzbek population. Subjects were 84 patients with peptic ulcer disease, 35 with other miscellaneous diseases, and 48 healthy persons, for a total of 167 participants. Using a polymerase chain reaction with confronting two-pair primers, their DNA was genotyped for polymorphisms of interleukins (IL) (IL-1B C-31T, IL-2 T-330G, IL-4 C-33T, IL-8 T-251A, IL-10 T-819C, and IL-13 C-1111T) and tumor necrosis factor A (TNF-A) (C-857T and T-1031C). Among 167 participants, 124 (74.9%) were anti-H. pylori IgG seropositive, 142 (85.6%) were anti-CagA IgG seropositive, and 44 (26.3%) exhibited gastric atrophy (PG1 < 70 ng/ml and PG1/PG2<3). The adjusted odds ratio (OR) of IL-4 -33CT for anti-H. pylori IgG seropositivity was significant; OR = 2.33 (95% confidence interval (CI), 1.04-5.19), relative to -33CC. In addition, those with TNF-A-1031TC had a significantly increased risk for anti-H. pylori IgG seropositivity; OR = 2.82 (95% CI, 1.05-7.57), relative to -1031TT. No alleles were associated with the risk of anti-CagA IgG seropositivity or gastric atrophy. The significant associations with cytokine polymorphisms indicated that genetic traits might play a role in the persistent infection of H. pylori among Uzbeks. In addition to confirming the above associations, lifestyle interactions with the genotypes also remain to be elucidated.