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Skoracka K, Hryhorowicz S, Rychter AM, Ratajczak AE, Szymczak-Tomczak A, Zawada A, Słomski R, Dobrowolska A, Krela-Kaźmierczak I. Why are western diet and western lifestyle pro-inflammatory risk factors of celiac disease? Front Nutr 2023; 9:1054089. [PMID: 36742009 PMCID: PMC9895111 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1054089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of celiac disease increased in recent years. In addition to the genetic and immunological factors, it appears that environmental determinants are also involved in the pathophysiology of celiac disease. Gastrointestinal infections impact the development of celiac disease. Current research does not directly confirm the protective effect of natural childbirth and breastfeeding on celiac disease. However, it seems that in genetically predisposed children, the amount of gluten introduced into the diet may have an impact on celiac disease development. Also western lifestyle, including western dietary patterns high in fat, sugar, and gliadin, potentially may increase the risk of celiac disease due to changes in intestinal microbiota, intestinal permeability, or mucosal inflammation. Further research is needed to expand the knowledge of the relationship between environmental factors and the development of celiac disease to define evidence-based preventive interventions against the development of celiac disease. The manuscript summarizes current knowledge on factors predisposing to the development of celiac disease including factors associated with the western lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Skoracka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dietetics and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland,Doctoral School, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland,*Correspondence: Kinga Skoracka ✉
| | | | - Anna Maria Rychter
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dietetics and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland,Doctoral School, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Alicja Ewa Ratajczak
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dietetics and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland,Doctoral School, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Szymczak-Tomczak
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dietetics and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Zawada
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dietetics and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Ryszard Słomski
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Dobrowolska
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dietetics and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Iwona Krela-Kaźmierczak
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dietetics and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
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Azimi T, Nasser A, Shariati A, Shiadeh SMJ, Safari H, Alizade-Sani M, Taghipour A, Dehghan A. The Possible Role of Pathogenic and Non-Pathogenic Bacteria in Initiation and Exacerbation of Celiac Disease; A Comprehensive Review. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2020; 21:452-466. [PMID: 31858910 DOI: 10.2174/1389201021666191219160729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Celiac Disease (CD) is an immune-mediated enteropathy, generally of the proximal intestine, that occurs in genetically susceptible individuals triggered by the ingestion of gluten. The incidence and frequency of CD are increasing, and it is predicted that CD affects approximately 1% of the people worldwide. The common clinical manifestations of CD are divided in two sections, including classic and non-classic symptoms that can be created in childhood and adulthood. The relationship between pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacteria with CD is complex and multidirectional. In previous published studies, results demonstrated the triggering impact of bacteria, viruses, and parasites on initiation and development of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) and Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS). Different studies revealed the inducing effect of pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacteria on CD. However, increasing evidence proposes that some of these microorganisms can also play several positive roles in CD process. Although information of the pathogenesis of the CD is quickly expanding, the possible role of bacteria needs further examination. In conclusion, with respect to the possible correlation between different bacteria in CD, the current review-based study aims to discuss the possible relationship between CD and pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacteria and to show various and significant aspects of mechanisms involved in the CD process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taher Azimi
- Pediatric Infections Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Students Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Nasser
- Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Science, Ilam, Iran.,Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Science, Ilam, Iran
| | - Aref Shariati
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyedeh M J Shiadeh
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Safari
- Health Promotion Research Center, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmood Alizade-Sani
- Students Research Committee, Department of Food Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Taghipour
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amin Dehghan
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Cutillo G, Saariaho AH, Meri S. Physiology of gangliosides and the role of antiganglioside antibodies in human diseases. Cell Mol Immunol 2020; 17:313-322. [PMID: 32152553 PMCID: PMC7109116 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-020-0388-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Gangliosides are structurally and functionally polymorphic sialic acid containing glycosphingolipids that are widely distributed in the human body. They play important roles in protecting us against immune attacks, yet they can become targets for autoimmunity and act as receptors for microbes, like the influenza viruses, and toxins, such as the cholera toxin. The expression patterns of gangliosides vary in different tissues, during different life periods, as well as in different animals. Antibodies against gangliosides (AGA) can target immune attack e.g., against neuronal cells and neutralize their complement inhibitory activity. AGAs are important especially in acquired demyelinating immune-mediated neuropathies, like Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) and its variant, the Miller-Fisher syndrome (MFS). They can emerge in response to different microbial agents and immunological insults. Thereby, they can be involved in a variety of diseases. In addition, antibodies against GM3 were found in the sera of patients vaccinated with Pandemrix®, who developed secondary narcolepsy, strongly supporting the autoimmune etiology of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianni Cutillo
- Translational Immunology Research Program and the Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Humanitas University, Milan, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Anna-Helena Saariaho
- Translational Immunology Research Program and the Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Seppo Meri
- Translational Immunology Research Program and the Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
- Humanitas University, Milan, Rozzano, Italy.
- Helsinki University Hospital Laboratory (HUSLAB), Helsinki, Finland.
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Camilleri M, Halawi H, Oduyebo I. Biomarkers as a diagnostic tool for irritable bowel syndrome: where are we? Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2017; 11:303-316. [PMID: 28128666 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2017.1288096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common condition in clinical practice. There are currently no objective tests to rule in the disease, but rather tests to rule out other diseases. Biomarkers in IBS may provide the tools needed for diagnosis, prognosis and therapy. These include identification of differences in microbial composition, immune activation, bile acid composition, colonic transit, and alteration in sensation in subgroups of IBS patients. Areas covered: Studies included in our review were chosen based on a PubMed search for 'biomarkers' and 'IBS'. We have reviewed the literature on biomarkers to appraise their accuracy, validity and whether they are actionable. We have not covered genetic associations as biomarkers in this review. Expert commentary: There is significant promise in the usefulness of biomarkers for IBS. The most promising actionable biomarkers are markers of changes in bile acid balance, such as elevated bile acid in the stool, and altered colonic transit. However, there is also potential for microbial studies and mucosal proteases as future actionable biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Camilleri
- a Clinical Enteric Neuroscience Translational and Epidemiological Research (C.E.N.T.E.R.) , Mayo Clinic , Rochester , MN, USA
| | - Houssam Halawi
- a Clinical Enteric Neuroscience Translational and Epidemiological Research (C.E.N.T.E.R.) , Mayo Clinic , Rochester , MN, USA
| | - Ibironke Oduyebo
- a Clinical Enteric Neuroscience Translational and Epidemiological Research (C.E.N.T.E.R.) , Mayo Clinic , Rochester , MN, USA
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Brown AC. Gluten sensitivity: problems of an emerging condition separate from celiac disease. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2012; 6:43-55. [PMID: 22149581 DOI: 10.1586/egh.11.79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Gluten sensitivity appears to be emerging as a separate condition from celiac disease, yet no clear definition or diagnosis exists. As a result, patients with gluten sensitivity experience delayed diagnosis and continuing symptoms if they consume gluten. This emerging medical problem may involve human genetics, plant genetic modifications, gluten as a food additive, environmental toxins, hormonal influences, intestinal infections and autoimmune diseases. The treatment is similar to that for celiac disease - a gluten-free diet. The use of a gluten-free diet or an elimination diet is encouraged in assisting people to determine whether or not they are gluten sensitive. It is time to not only recognize, but to treat and further research gluten sensitivity, as unconfirmed environmental factors continue to spread this problem further into the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy C Brown
- Department of Complementary and Alternative Medicine, John A Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, 651 Ilalo Street, MEB 223, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA.
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Abstract
Celiac disease is associated with multiple extraintestinal presentations, including bone disease, endocrine disorders and neurological deficits. We report a 9 year old girl with celiac disease presenting with recurrent Guillain Barre syndrome (third episode). There was no other clinical manifestation except for refractory iron deficiency anemia. Molecular mimicry explaining the association between these two disorders, is far more interesting.
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