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Jin S, Jiang R, Lei S, Jin L, Zhu C, Feng W, Shen Y. Shenfu injection prolongs survival and protects the intestinal mucosa in rats with sepsis by modulating immune response. TURKISH JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY 2019; 30:364-371. [PMID: 30666971 DOI: 10.5152/tjg.2019.18418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS The aim of present study was to assess the protective effects of Shenfu injection (SI) on the intestinal mucosa and its regulation on the mucosal immune responses in rats with sepsis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into the sham, model, low-dose SI (LSF), and high-dose SI (HSF) groups. Sham animals underwent laparotomy only, whereas sepsis was modeled by cecal ligation and puncture in the remaining groups. At 2 h post-surgery, the LSF and HSF groups were intraperitoneally administered 5 and 20 mL/kg SI, respectively, whereas other animals with saline. At 12 h and 24 h post-surgery, eight rats per group were sacrificed, and blood and intestinal tissues were collected. The intestinal mucosa was analyzed by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Serum tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6 concentrations, as well as secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) content in the intestinal mucosa, were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. CD3 and γδT lymphocytes were quantified by flow cytometry. Animal survival until 72 h was also recorded. RESULTS Intestinal mucosal injury was significantly higher in model animals than in sham animals at postoperative 12 h and 24 h. Serum TNF-α and IL-6 levels were markedly increased, whereas sIgA and CD3 and γδT cell amounts were overtly decreased (p<0.01). The LSF and HSF rats showed lower mortality, intestinal mucosal injury, and serum TNF-α and IL-6 levels (p<0.05), as well as higher sIgA levels and CD3 and γδT cell amounts, than the model group (p<0.01), with a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSION SI dose-dependently prolongs survival and protects the intestinal mucosa in rats with sepsis, possibly through strengthening innate immunity instead of acquired immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuifang Jin
- Intensive Care Unit, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ronglin Jiang
- Intensive Care Unit, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shu Lei
- Intensive Care Unit, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liming Jin
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chen Zhu
- Intensive Care Unit, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wen Feng
- Intensive Care Unit, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yingying Shen
- Intensive Care Unit, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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Ulieme RE, Awer S, Stagg JC, Yau W, Gato WE. The hepatic effects in dams that ingested 2-aminoanthracene during gestation and lactation. Toxicol Ind Health 2019; 35:568-576. [PMID: 31558114 DOI: 10.1177/0748233719875018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus has been on a continual rise as one of the top chronic diseases to affect individuals worldwide. The goal of this study was to determine how exposure from a well-known toxicant, a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon called 2-aminoanthracene (2AA), could potentially lead to diabetes, damage the liver, and have negative effects to the offspring. Humans are exposed to 2AA from foods cooked in high heat and tobacco smoke, among others. To analyze the effects of 2AA, three groups of Sprague Dawley dams consumed an adulterated 2AA diet from gestation to their postnatal period. Timed-pregnant dams ingested 0 mg/kg (control group (C)), 50 mg/kg (low dose group (LD)), and 100 mg/kg (high dose group (HD)) 2AA. Hepatic gene expressions of Adam8, Bax, Ccng1, CD68, CD93, Cdkn1c, and Ddit4 indicated a significant overexpression of Bax, Ccng1, CD68, CD93, and Cdkn1c in treated groups. Although there was no significant difference in the damage to the liver architecture by 2AA, the positively stained CD68+ cells were slightly increased in treated rats. Significant decreases in the albumin and aspartate aminotransferase levels might indicate an inflammatory response from 2AA exposure in dams. Immunoglobulin A (IgA) concentration was also decreased, in contrast to studies of liver cirrhosis that reported increased serum IgA concentration. Overexpression of genes Ddit4, Cdkn1c, Ccng1, Bax, CD93, and CD68 point to hepatic inflammation and apoptosis. Overall results suggest a link between environmental 2AA exposure and adverse liver effects, which has potential to increase susceptibility to type 2 diabetes and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raven E Ulieme
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA, USA
| | - Surjania Awer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA, USA
| | - John C Stagg
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA, USA
| | - Wilson Yau
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Worlanyo E Gato
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA, USA
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Fu J, Li G, Wu J, Wang Z. Intestinal IgA positive lymphocytes in acute liver necrosis decrease due to lymphocyte homing disturbance and apoptosis. REVISTA ESPANOLA DE ENFERMEDADES DIGESTIVAS 2018; 111:101-105. [PMID: 30318894 DOI: 10.17235/reed.2018.5656/2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
AIM the number of intestinal IgA+ lymphocytes are decreased in acute liver necrosis and the mechanism remains poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to observe the role of lymphocyte homing and apoptosis associated with decreased intestinal IgA positive lymphocytes in acute liver necrosis. METHODS the acute liver necrosis mouse model and LTβR pre-treatment were used to assess intestinal mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule-1 (MAdCAM - 1) expression, cell apoptosis, IgA+ cells and secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA). RESULTS MAdCAM - 1 mRNA and protein expression decreased significantly in the acute necrosis group; 0.57 ± 0.032 fold vs. baseline (p < 0.05) and 0.45 ± 0.072 fold vs. baseline (p < 0.05), respectively. LTβR pre-treatment could significantly improve the decline of MAdCAM - 1 mRNA and protein expression in the intestinal mucosa (1.83 ± 0.064 fold vs. baseline, p < 0.05 and 1.75 ± 0.046 fold vs. baseline, p < 0.05, respectively) and partially restore the decline in IgA+ lymphocytes and SIgA levels. There were increased rates of enterocyte apoptosis in both the acute liver necrosis and LTβR pre-treatment group; 0.79% vs. control (p < 0.05) and 0.77% vs. control (p < 0.05), respectively). CONCLUSION our results suggest that the dysfunction of lymphocyte homing and apoptosis are both involved with decreased intestinal IgA+ lymphocytes in acute liver necrosis. LTβR pre-treatment can partially restore IgA+ cells and SIgA by increasing MAdCAM - 1 expression, rather than inhibiting lymphocyte apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlong Fu
- Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital,Hangzhou Normal University, China
| | - Guodong Li
- Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital,Hangzhou Normal University School of Medicine
| | - Jianliang Wu
- Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital,Hangzhou Normal University School of Medicine, China
| | - Zhiyong Wang
- Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital,Hangzhou Normal University School of Medicine, China
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Lei Y, Huang T, Su M, Luo J, Korteweg C, Li J, Chen Z, Qiu Y, Liu X, Yan M, Wang Y, Gu J. Expression and distribution of immunoglobulin G in the normal liver, hepatocarcinoma and postpartial hepatectomy liver. J Transl Med 2014; 94:1283-95. [PMID: 25264708 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2014.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Revised: 07/12/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver has the extraordinary properties of regeneration and immune tolerance; however, the mechanisms governing these abilities are poorly understood. To address these questions, we examined the possible expression of immunoglobulins in the human and rat liver and the relationship of IgG expression to hepatocyte proliferation, metastasis, apoptosis and immune tolerance. Immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization, laser-guided microdissection and reverse transcription-PCR were performed to examine the expression of IgG in normal human and rat liver, severe combined immunodeficient mouse (SCID) liver and human liver cancers and corresponding cell lines. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) was transfected into cultured hepatocarcinoma cells to downregulate the expression of IgG heavy chain genes. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were assayed with flow cytometry. Cell metastasis was assayed with a Transwell cell assay. Partial hepatectomy (70%) was performed in rats to examine the relationship between hepatocyte IgG and hepatocyte proliferation. IgG, together with essential enzymes for its synthesis, were expressed in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes of normal adult human and hepatoma patients and rat livers, SCID mouse liver and BRL-3A, L-02 and HepG-2 cell lines. Downregulation of IgG inhibited cell proliferation and metastasis and promoted apoptosis. Postsurgery livers expressed significantly more IgG than the livers before surgery and decreased to the original levels when hepatocytes stopped regeneration. IgA and IgM but not IgD and IgE were also positive in hepatocytes. Our findings demonstrate that normal and malignant hepatocytes are capable of synthesizing immunoglobulin, which has important roles in hepatocyte proliferation, apoptosis and cancer growth with profound clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Lei
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease and Immunopathology, Department of Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Tao Huang
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease and Immunopathology, Department of Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Meng Su
- 1] Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease and Immunopathology, Department of Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China [2] Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Luo
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease and Immunopathology, Department of Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Christine Korteweg
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease and Immunopathology, Department of Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Jing Li
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease and Immunopathology, Department of Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Zhengshan Chen
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease and Immunopathology, Department of Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Yamei Qiu
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease and Immunopathology, Department of Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Xingmu Liu
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease and Immunopathology, Department of Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Meiling Yan
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease and Immunopathology, Department of Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease and Immunopathology, Department of Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Jiang Gu
- 1] Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease and Immunopathology, Department of Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China [2] Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Saracyn M, Ząbkowski T, Zdanowski R, Brytan M, Patera J, Nowak Z, Kade G, Wańkowicz Z. Effect of nitric oxide pathway regulation on water/sodium balance and renal function in a rodent model of acute liver and renal failure. Med Sci Monit 2014; 20:1735-44. [PMID: 25270512 PMCID: PMC4186324 DOI: 10.12659/msm.890757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathomechanism of acute hepatorenal syndrome (HRS), a particular form of acute renal failure that occurs in the course of acute liver injury, is still poorly understood. The aim of our study was to estimate the influence of the activation and inhibition of the nitric oxide pathway on the water/sodium balance and development of acute renal failure in the course of HRS. MATERIAL AND METHODS We used male Sprague-Dawley rats in the acute galactosamine (Ga1N) model of HRS. The nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitors L-NAME and L-arginine were administered intraperitoneally before and after liver damage. RESULTS HRS developed in all tested groups. L-NAME increased osmotic clearance and urine volume more effectively before liver injury. Furthermore, administration of L-NAME increased creatinine clearance both before and after Ga1N injection. A double dose of L-NAME did not yield further improvement before Ga1N injection, but improved creatinine clearance after Ga1N intoxication. Injection of L-arginine increased sodium excretion and urine volume, but only after liver injury. Moreover, L-arginine injected after Ga1N caused significant improvement of the creatinine clearance in a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS Our study shows that inhibition of the nitric oxide pathway improves parameters of water and sodium balance and prevents development of acute renal failure in the course of acute liver injury and liver failure. Activation of the nitric oxide system also has a favorable influence on water/sodium balance and renal failure, but only after liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Saracyn
- Department of Internal Diseases, Nephrology and Dialysis, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Ząbkowski
- Department of Urology, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Robert Zdanowski
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marek Brytan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Janusz Patera
- Department of Pathology, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Nowak
- Department of Internal Diseases, Nephrology and Dialysis, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Kade
- Department of Internal Diseases, Nephrology and Dialysis, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Zofia Wańkowicz
- Department of Internal Diseases, Nephrology and Dialysis, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
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Amerah A, Quiles A, Medel P, Sánchez J, Lehtinen M, Gracia M. Effect of pelleting temperature and probiotic supplementation on growth performance and immune function of broilers fed maize/soy-based diets. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2013.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Saracyn M, Patera J, Kocik J, Brytan M, Zdanowski R, Lubas A, Kozłowski W, Wańkowicz Z. Strain of experimental animals and modulation of nitric oxide pathway: their influence on development of renal failure in an experimental model of hepatorenal syndrome. Arch Med Sci 2012; 8:555-62. [PMID: 22852015 PMCID: PMC3400905 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2012.29281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2011] [Revised: 10/20/2011] [Accepted: 12/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pathomechanism of HRS is still poorly understood. The aim of our study was: (1) to test whether different strains of rats could develop typical HRS, and (2) to estimate the influence of activation and inhibition of nitric oxide for development of renal failure in course of HRS. MATERIAL AND METHODS First, we used 16 of Wistar and 16 of Sprague-Dawley rats in galactosamine model of HRS. Next, we used 48 of SDR rats, which received saline, N-nitro-L-arginine or L-arginine before and after liver damage. Twenty four hours urine and blood samples were collected 48 h after saline or Ga1N injection. Biochemical parameters were determined in serum or urine and then creatinine clearance and osmolality clearance were calculated. Liver and kidney tissues were collected for histopathological examination. RESULTS Liver failure developed in all tested groups with significant increase of bilirubin (p < 0.001), ALT (p < 0.001) and ammonia (p < 0.001). Nevertheless we did not achieve any evidence of renal failure in Wistar, but we found typical renal failure in Sprague-Dawley group with significant decrease in creatinine clearance (p < 0.0012) and increase in concentration of creatinine and urea (p < 0.001) and (p < 0.001) respectively. Inhibition of NOS prevented development of renal failure with significant improvement of GFR both before (p < 0.0017) and after (p < 0.003) Ga1N injection. Injection of L-arginine after Ga1N injection did not caused significant improvement of GFR. CONCLUSIONS Our study showed, that genetic factors might be responsible for development of renal failure in course of HRS and nitric oxide play important role in acute model of this syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Saracyn
- Department of Internal Diseases, Nephrology and Dialysis, Military Institute of Health Services, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Janusz Patera
- Department of Pathology, Military Institute of Health Services, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Janusz Kocik
- Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marek Brytan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Robert Zdanowski
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Arkadiusz Lubas
- Department of Internal Diseases, Nephrology and Dialysis, Military Institute of Health Services, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wojciech Kozłowski
- Department of Pathology, Military Institute of Health Services, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Zofia Wańkowicz
- Department of Internal Diseases, Nephrology and Dialysis, Military Institute of Health Services, Warsaw, Poland
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Deng ZY, Shan TD, Zhang FX. Severe hepatitis and intestinal mucosal barrier. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2010; 18:3761-3766. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v18.i35.3761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Besides digestion and absorption of nutrients, another important feature of the intestine is epithelial mucosal barrier. Intestinal epithelial mucosal barrier consists of mechanical, immune, chemical, and biological barriers. Although different barriers have different structures and functions, they can interact with each other in a complicated manner. Severe hepatitis is the most serious form of hepatitis. Some studies have demonstrated that severe hepatitis is closely related to intestinal mucosal injury. Therefore, intestinal mucosal injury has become an important topic for research of severe hepatitis. In this paper, we review the relationship between severe hepatitis and intestinal mucosal barrier.
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