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Jia T, Xing Z, Wang And H, Li G. Protective effect of dexmedetomidine on intestinal mucosal barrier function in rats after cardiopulmonary bypass. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2021; 247:498-508. [PMID: 34878923 DOI: 10.1177/15353702211062509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiopulmonary bypass can result in damage to the intestines, leading to the occurrence of systemic inflammatory response syndrome. Dexmedetomidine is reported to confer anti-inflammatory properties. Here, the purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of dexmedetomidine on the intestinal mucosa barrier damage in a rat model of cardiopulmonary bypass. It was observed that cardiopulmonary bypass greatly decreased the levels of hemodynamic parameters than SHAM group, whereas dexmedetomidine pretreatment in a cardiopulmonary bypass model rat prevented this reduction. Also, it showed that compared with control animals, cardiopulmonary bypass caused obvious mucosal damage, which was attenuated in dexmedetomidine + cardiopulmonary bypass group. The above findings were in line with that of dexmedetomidine pretreatment, which increased the expression of tight junction proteins, but it decreased the levels of DAO, D-LA, FABP2, and endotoxin. Moreover, the results demonstrated that due to pre-administration of dexmedetomidine, the level of pro-inflammatory factors was decreased, while the level of anti-inflammatory cytokine was increased. Also, it showed that dexmedetomidine suppressed TLR4/JAK2/STAT3 pathway that was activated by cardiopulmonary bypass. Together, these results revealed that dexmedetomidine pretreatment relieves intestinal microcirculation, attenuates intestinal damage, and inhibits the inflammatory response of cardiopulmonary bypass model rats, demonstrating that in CPB-induced damage of intestinal mucosal barrier function, dexmedetomidine pretreatment plays a protective role by inactivating TLR4/JAK2/STAT3-mediated inflammatory pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Jia
- Anesthesiology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075000, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Xing
- Anesthesiology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075000, P. R. China
| | - Huijuan Wang And
- Anesthesiology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075000, P. R. China
| | - Guoli Li
- Anesthesiology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075000, P. R. China
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Zhang X, Sun Y, Song D, Diao Y. κ-opioid receptor agonists may alleviate intestinal damage in cardiopulmonary bypass rats by inhibiting the NF-κB/HIF-1α pathway. Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:325-334. [PMID: 32509012 PMCID: PMC7271736 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.8685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The aims of the present study were to investigate the protective effect of a κ-opioid receptor (KOR) agonist on intestinal barrier dysfunction in rats during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), as well as to examine the role of NF-κB and the transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) signaling pathway in the regulatory mechanism. A total of 50 rats were randomly divided into five groups, with 10 rats in each group: Sham surgery group (group Sham), CPB surgery group (group CPB), KOR agonist + CPB (group K), KOR agonist + specific KOR antagonist + CBP (group NK) and KOR agonist + NF-κB pathway specific inhibitor + CPB (group NF). Intestinal microcirculation was evaluated to determine intestinal barrier dysfunction in rats following CPB surgery. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining was used to observe intestinal tissue injury in the rats. ELISA was used to detect the inflammatory factors interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL10 and tumor necrosis factor-α, and the oxidative stress factors superoxidase dismutase, malondialdehyde and nitric oxide in serum. In addition, ELISA was used to investigate the serum levels of the intestinal damage markers D-lactic acid, diamine oxidase and intestinal fatty acid-binding protein. Western blotting was used to investigate the protein expression levels of tight junction proteins zonula occludens-1 and claudin-1. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry was used to examine intestinal injuries and western blotting was used to detect expression levels of NF-κB/HIF-1α signaling pathway-related proteins. H&E staining results suggested that the KOR agonist alleviated intestinal damage in the CPB model rats. This effect was reversed by the addition of a KOR antagonist. Further investigation of inflammatory and oxidative stress factors using ELISA revealed that the KOR agonist reduced the inflammatory and oxidative stress responses in the intestinal tissues of the CPB model rats. The ELISA results of intestinal damage markers and western blotting results of tight junction protein expression suggested that KOR agonist treatment may alleviate intestinal injury in CPB model rats. In addition, the western blotting and immunohistochemistry results suggested that KOR agonists may decrease the expression levels of NF-κB, p65 and HIF-1α in CPB. Collectively, the present results suggested that KOR agonists are able to ameliorate the intestinal barrier dysfunction in rats undergoing CPB by inhibiting the expression levels of NF-κB/HIF-1α signaling pathway-related proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Zhang
- Postgraduate Training Base of The General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121013, P.R. China.,Department of Anesthesia, The General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, P.R. China
| | - Yingjie Sun
- Department of Anesthesia, The General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, P.R. China
| | - Dandan Song
- Department of Anesthesia, The General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, P.R. China
| | - Yugang Diao
- Department of Anesthesia, The General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, P.R. China
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Wang Y, Gong L, Wu YP, Cui ZW, Wang YQ, Huang Y, Zhang XP, Li WF. Oral administration of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG to newborn piglets augments gut barrier function in pre-weaning piglets. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2019; 20:180-192. [PMID: 30666850 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1800022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
To understand the effects of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (ATCC 53103) on intestinal barrier function in pre-weaning piglets under normal conditions, twenty-four newborn littermate piglets were randomly divided into two groups. Piglets in the control group were orally administered with 2 mL 0.1 g/mL sterilized skim milk while the treatment group was administered the same volume of sterilized skim milk with the addition of viable L. rhamnosus at the 1st, 3rd, and 5th days after birth. The feeding trial was conducted for 25 d. Results showed that piglets in the L. rhamnosus group exhibited increased weaning weight and average daily weight gain, whereas diarrhea incidence was decreased. The bacterial abundance and composition of cecal contents, especially Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Fusobacteria, were altered by probiotic treatment. In addition, L. rhamnosus increased the jejunal permeability and promoted the immunologic barrier through regulating antimicrobial peptides, cytokines, and chemokines via Toll-like receptors. Our findings indicate that oral administration of L. rhamnosus GG to newborn piglets is beneficial for intestinal health of pre-weaning piglets by improving the biological, physical, and immunologic barriers of intestinal mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Li Gong
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yan-Ping Wu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhi-Wen Cui
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yong-Qiang Wang
- Department of Animal Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97330, USA
| | - Yi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Zhang
- China National Bamboo Research Center, Key Laboratory of High Efficient Processing of Bamboo of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Wei-Fen Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Penehyclidine hydrochloride inhibits the LPS-induced inflammatory response in microglia. J Surg Res 2014; 188:260-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2013.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Revised: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 12/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Penehyclidine hydrochloride preserves the intestinal barrier function in patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2013; 146:179-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2013.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2012] [Revised: 12/15/2012] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Cao HJ, Sun YJ, Zhang TZ, Zhou J, Diao YG. Penehyclidine hydrochloride attenuates the cerebral injury in a rat model of cardiopulmonary bypass. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2013; 91:521-7. [PMID: 23827043 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2012-0329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of penehyclidine hydrochloride (PHC) on regulatory mediators during the neuroinflammatory response and cerebral cell apoptosis following cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Forty-eight rats were randomly divided among 4 groups as follows: sham-operation, vehicle, low-dose PHC (0.6 mg·(kg body mass)(-1)), and high-dose PHC (2.0 mg·(kg body mass)(-1)). CPB was performed in the latter 3 groups. The plasma levels of neuron specific enolase (NSE) and S-100B were tested with ELISA. Real-time PCR and Western blotting were used to evaluate the expression levels of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), IL-10, caspase-3, Bcl-2, and p38 in brain tissue. The ultrastructure of hippocampus tissue was examined under an electron microscope. PHC attenuated the increase of plasma NSE and S-100B following CPB. MMP-9, cleaved caspase-3, and phosphorylated p38 expression were substantially increased in the vehicle group compared with the sham-operation group and gradually diminished with increasing doses of PHC. IL-10 and Bcl-2 expression were markedly lower in the vehicle group than in the sham-operation group and gradually recovered with increasing doses of PHC. PHC attenuated the histopathological changes of cerebral injury following CPB. PHC favorably regulates the inflammatory response and reduces markers of neuronal injury following CPB, potentially by reducing p38 and caspase-3 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-juan Cao
- Department of Anaesthesiology, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Region, 83 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning Province, China
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Shi X, Zhong Y, Yao J, Hu S, Wang L, Litscher G. The influence of zusanli and nonmeridian acupuncture points on the survival rate and intestinal tissue features after fatal hemorrhagic shock in rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2013; 2013:750620. [PMID: 23431347 PMCID: PMC3570926 DOI: 10.1155/2013/750620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2012] [Accepted: 01/04/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Sixty Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 5 groups: (a) control group (HS); (b) Immediate rehydration group (IFR); (c) ST36 electroacupuncture (EA) delay rehydration group (EA/DFR): EA at ST36 immediately after blood loss with infusion 3 h later; (d) EA nonmeridian rehydration group (SEA/DFR): EA at nonacupuncture sites with rehydration similar to EA/DFR; (e) ST36 EA group (EA): EA at ST36 immediately after blood loss with no rehydration. Forty-five percent of the entire blood volume was taken out to make lethal hemorrhagic shock models. We recorded the survival rate, intestinal tissue DAO content, and microcirculation. The survival rate of the EA/DFR group and the IFR group was significantly higher than that of the other three groups (P < 0.05). Twelve hours after blood loss, intestinal tissue DAO content of the EA/DFR group and the IFR group was significantly higher than that of the SEA/DFR group, EA group, and HS group (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01). The mucosal blood flow of the EA/DFR group and the IFR group was significantly higher than the other groups (P < 0.05 each). We conclude that EA improves the blood pressure and raises the early survival rate of hemorrhagic shock rats, maintains the intestinal barrier function, and improves the degree of intestinal ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Shi
- Department of Acupuncture, People's Liberation Army General Hospital, 28 Fu-Xing Road, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Yuxian Zhong
- Department of Rehabilitation and Physiotherapy, Navy General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Jiarui Yao
- Department of Acupuncture, People's Liberation Army General Hospital, 28 Fu-Xing Road, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Sen Hu
- Laboratory of Shock and Multiple Organ Dysfunction, Burns Institute, The First Hospital Affiliated to the People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Acupuncture, People's Liberation Army General Hospital, 28 Fu-Xing Road, Beijing 100853, China
- Stronach Research Unit for Complementary and Integrative Laser Medicine, Research Unit of Biomedical Engineering in Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine and TCM Research Center Graz, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 29, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Gerhard Litscher
- Department of Acupuncture, People's Liberation Army General Hospital, 28 Fu-Xing Road, Beijing 100853, China
- Stronach Research Unit for Complementary and Integrative Laser Medicine, Research Unit of Biomedical Engineering in Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine and TCM Research Center Graz, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 29, 8036 Graz, Austria
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Troubleshooting the rat model of cardiopulmonary bypass: effects of avoiding blood transfusion on long-term survival, inflammation and organ damage. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2013; 67:82-90. [PMID: 23328058 DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2013.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2012] [Revised: 12/09/2012] [Accepted: 01/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Rat models of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) have been used to examine the mechanisms of associated organ damage and to test intervention strategies. However, these models only partly mimic the clinical situation, because of the use of blood transfusion and arterial inflow via the tail artery. Thus a model using arterial inflow in the aorta and a miniaturized CPB circuit without need of transfusion was validated by examining intra-procedure characteristics, mortality and the effects of CPB on biomarkers of inflammation and cerebral injury during 5days follow-up. METHODS Male Wistar rats (n=95) were anesthetized with isoflurane (2.5%) and fentanyl/midazolam during CPB. Animals were assigned to Control (n=6), Sham (n=40) or normothermic CPB (n=49) groups. Both Sham and CPB were cannulated in the aorta via the left carotid artery and in the right common jugular vein for access into the right heart. Extracorporeal circulation (ECC) was instituted for 60min only in CPB at a flow rate of 120mLkg(-1)min(-1) employing a CPB circuit of 15ml primed with 6% hydroxyethyl starch 60mgml(-1) solution. Rats were sacrificed at either 1h or 1, 2 or 5days after Sham or weaning from CPB. Plasma IL-6 and s100Beta levels were measured and blood cell counts were performed. RESULTS Mortality in CPB animals (3 out of 49) and Sham (4 out of 40) did not differ (chi-square=0.46, dF=1, P>0.5). Compared to baseline (1.87±0.46∗10^9cells/L), Sham procedure (cannulation and anesthesia) significantly increased blood neutrophil count at the end of the period matching ECC (6.34±2.36∗10^9cells/L, P<0.05). CPB induced neutrophilia which persisted during 24h recovery. Also, CPB caused a rapid and prominent increase in plasma IL-6 from the first hour of the postoperative period (~1200pg/ml) with continuation (50-90pg/ml) up to 5th day of recovery. S100Beta levels were above detection level only in 3 out of 42 samples from CPB animals. DISCUSSION Our rat model of CPB without homologous blood transfusion produces a reproducible and reliable systemic inflammatory response, with low mortality rates on long term follow up. The model more closely mimics the human situation in respect to arterial inflow site and avoidance of blood transfusion. Thus, our CPB model is suitable to study its influence on systemic inflammation, ischemia-reperfusion injury, microcirculation and vascular dysfunction in vivo, and to evaluate potential therapeutic interventions.
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