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Xue Y, Ruan Y, Wang Y, Xiao P, Xu J. Signaling pathways in liver cancer: pathogenesis and targeted therapy. MOLECULAR BIOMEDICINE 2024; 5:20. [PMID: 38816668 PMCID: PMC11139849 DOI: 10.1186/s43556-024-00184-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer remains one of the most prevalent malignancies worldwide with high incidence and mortality rates. Due to its subtle onset, liver cancer is commonly diagnosed at a late stage when surgical interventions are no longer feasible. This situation highlights the critical role of systemic treatments, including targeted therapies, in bettering patient outcomes. Despite numerous studies on the mechanisms underlying liver cancer, tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are the only widely used clinical inhibitors, represented by sorafenib, whose clinical application is greatly limited by the phenomenon of drug resistance. Here we show an in-depth discussion of the signaling pathways frequently implicated in liver cancer pathogenesis and the inhibitors targeting these pathways under investigation or already in use in the management of advanced liver cancer. We elucidate the oncogenic roles of these pathways in liver cancer especially hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), as well as the current state of research on inhibitors respectively. Given that TKIs represent the sole class of targeted therapeutics for liver cancer employed in clinical practice, we have particularly focused on TKIs and the mechanisms of the commonly encountered phenomena of its resistance during HCC treatment. This necessitates the imperative development of innovative targeted strategies and the urgency of overcoming the existing limitations. This review endeavors to shed light on the utilization of targeted therapy in advanced liver cancer, with a vision to improve the unsatisfactory prognostic outlook for those patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangtao Xue
- Key Laboratory of Laparoscopic Technology of Zhejiang Province, Department of General Surgery, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310016, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Innovation and Application of Minimally Invasive Instruments, Hangzhou, 310016, China
- Zhejiang Minimal Invasive Diagnosis and Treatment Technology Research Center of Severe Hepatobiliary Disease, Zhejiang Research and Development Engineering Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Technology and Equipment, Hangzhou, 310016, China
- Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Yeling Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Laparoscopic Technology of Zhejiang Province, Department of General Surgery, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310016, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Innovation and Application of Minimally Invasive Instruments, Hangzhou, 310016, China
- Zhejiang Minimal Invasive Diagnosis and Treatment Technology Research Center of Severe Hepatobiliary Disease, Zhejiang Research and Development Engineering Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Technology and Equipment, Hangzhou, 310016, China
- Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Yali Wang
- Key Laboratory of Laparoscopic Technology of Zhejiang Province, Department of General Surgery, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310016, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Innovation and Application of Minimally Invasive Instruments, Hangzhou, 310016, China
- Zhejiang Minimal Invasive Diagnosis and Treatment Technology Research Center of Severe Hepatobiliary Disease, Zhejiang Research and Development Engineering Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Technology and Equipment, Hangzhou, 310016, China
- Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Peng Xiao
- Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310016, China.
| | - Junjie Xu
- Key Laboratory of Laparoscopic Technology of Zhejiang Province, Department of General Surgery, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310016, China.
- National Engineering Research Center of Innovation and Application of Minimally Invasive Instruments, Hangzhou, 310016, China.
- Zhejiang Minimal Invasive Diagnosis and Treatment Technology Research Center of Severe Hepatobiliary Disease, Zhejiang Research and Development Engineering Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Technology and Equipment, Hangzhou, 310016, China.
- Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, 311121, China.
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Cai R, Chen X, Khan S, Li H, Tan J, Tian Y, Zhao S, Yin Z, Jin D, Guo J. Aspongopus chinensis Dallas induces pro-apoptotic and cell cycle arresting effects in hepatocellular carcinoma cells by modulating miRNA and mRNA expression. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27525. [PMID: 38500987 PMCID: PMC10945178 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Aspongopus chinensis Dallas is a traditional Chinese medicinal insect with several anticancer properties can inhibit cancer cell growth, by inhibiting cell division, autophagy and cell cycle. However, the precise therapeutics effects and mechanisms of this insect on liver cancer are still unknown. This study examined the inhibitory influence of A. chinensis on the proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells and explore the underlying mechanism using high-throughput sequencing. The results showed that A. chinensis substantially reduced the viability of Hep G2 cells. A total of 33 miRNAs were found to be upregulated, while 43 miRNAs were downregulated. Additionally, 754 mRNAs were upregulated and 863 mRNAs were downregulated. Significant enrichment of differentially expressed genes was observed in signaling pathways related to tumor cell growth, cell cycle regulation, and apoptosis. Differentially expressed miRNAs exhibited a targeting relationship with various target genes, including ARC, HSPA6, C11orf86, and others. Hence, cell cycle and apoptosis were identified by flow cytometry. These findings indicate that A. chinensis impeded cell cycle advancement, halted the cell cycle in the G0/G1 and S stages, and stimulated apoptosis. Finally, mouse experiments confirmed that A. chinensis significantly inhibits tumor growth in vivo. Therefore, our findings indicate that A. chinensis has a notable suppressive impact on the proliferation of HCC cells. The potential mechanism of action could involve the regulation of mRNA expression via miRNA, ultimately leading to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. The results offer a scientific foundation for the advancement and application of A. chinensis in the management of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renlian Cai
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of Mountainous Region, Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563000, China
| | - Xumei Chen
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of Mountainous Region, Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China
| | - Samiullah Khan
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of Mountainous Region, Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China
| | - Haiyin Li
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of Mountainous Region, Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China
| | - Jun Tan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563000, China
| | - Ying Tian
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563000, China
| | - Shuai Zhao
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of Mountainous Region, Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China
| | - Zhiyong Yin
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of Mountainous Region, Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China
| | - Daochao Jin
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of Mountainous Region, Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China
| | - Jianjun Guo
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of Mountainous Region, Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China
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Demenkov PS, Antropova EA, Adamovskaya AV, Mishchenko EL, Khlebodarova TM, Ivanisenko TV, Ivanisenko NV, Venzel AS, Lavrik IN, Ivanisenko VA. Prioritization of potential pharmacological targets for the development of anti-hepatocarcinoma drugs modulating the extrinsic apoptosis pathway: the reconstruction and analysis of associative gene networks help. Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genet Selektsii 2023; 27:784-793. [PMID: 38213696 PMCID: PMC10777304 DOI: 10.18699/vjgb-23-91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common severe type of liver cancer characterized by an extremely aggressive course and low survival rates. It is known that disruptions in the regulation of apoptosis activation are some of the key features inherent in most cancer cells, which determines the pharmacological induction of apoptosis as an important strategy for cancer therapy. The computer design of chemical compounds capable of specifically regulating the external signaling pathway of apoptosis induction represents a promising approach for creating new effective ways of therapy for liver cancer and other oncological diseases. However, at present, most of the studies are devoted to pharmacological effects on the internal (mitochondrial) apoptosis pathway. In contrast, the external pathway induced via cell death receptors remains out of focus. Aberrant gene methylation, along with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, are important risk factors for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma. The reconstruction of gene networks describing the molecular mechanisms of interaction of aberrantly methylated genes with key participants of the extrinsic apoptosis pathway and their regulation by HCV proteins can provide important information when searching for pharmacological targets. In the present study, 13 criteria were proposed for prioritizing potential pharmacological targets for developing anti-hepatocarcinoma drugs modulating the extrinsic apoptosis pathway. The criteria are based on indicators of the structural and functional organization of reconstructed gene networks of hepatocarcinoma, the extrinsic apoptosis pathway, and regulatory pathways of virus-extrinsic apoptosis pathway interaction and aberrant gene methylation-extrinsic apoptosis pathway interaction using ANDSystem. The list of the top 100 gene targets ranked according to the prioritization rating was statistically significantly (p-value = 0.0002) enriched for known pharmacological targets approved by the FDA, indicating the correctness of the prioritization method. Among the promising potential pharmacological targets, six highly ranked genes (JUN, IL10, STAT3, MYC, TLR4, and KHDRBS1) are likely to deserve close attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- P S Demenkov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia Kurchatov Genomic Center of ICG SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - E A Antropova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - A V Adamovskaya
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - E L Mishchenko
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia Kurchatov Genomic Center of ICG SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - T M Khlebodarova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia Kurchatov Genomic Center of ICG SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - T V Ivanisenko
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia Kurchatov Genomic Center of ICG SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - N V Ivanisenko
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - A S Venzel
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia Kurchatov Genomic Center of ICG SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - I N Lavrik
- Medical Faculty, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - V A Ivanisenko
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia Kurchatov Genomic Center of ICG SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
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Tien TY, Wu YJ, Su CH, Hsieh CL, Wang BJ, Lee YN, Su Y, Yeh HI. Pannexin 1 Modulates Angiogenic Activities of Human Endothelial Colony-Forming Cells Through IGF-1 Mechanism and Is a Marker of Senescence. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2023; 43:1935-1951. [PMID: 37589139 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.123.319529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We examined the role of Panxs (pannexins) in human endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) senescence. METHODS Young and replication-induced senescent endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFCs) derived from human circulating EPCs were used to examine cellular activities and senescence-associated indicators after transfection of short interference RNA specific to Panx1 or lentivirus-mediated Panx1 overexpression. Hind limb ischemia mice were used as in vivo angiogenesis model. Protein and phospho-kinase arrays were used to determine underlying mechanisms. RESULTS Panx1 was the predominant Panx isoform in human ECFCs and upregulated in both replication-induced senescent ECFCs and circulating EPCs from aged mice and humans. Cellular activities of the young ECFCs were enhanced by Panx1 downregulation but attenuated by its upregulation. In addition, reduction of Panx1 in the senescent ECFCs could rejuvenate cellular activities with reduced senescence-associated indicators, including senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity, p16INK4a (cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A), p21 (cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1), acetyl-p53 (tumor protein P53), and phospho-histone H2A.X (histone family member X). In mouse ischemic hind limbs injected senescent ECFCs, blood perfusion ratio, salvaged limb outcome, and capillary density were all improved by Panx1 knockdown. IGF-1 (insulin-like growth factor 1) was significantly increased in the supernatant from senescent ECFCs after Panx1 knockdown. The enhanced activities and paracrine effects of Panx1 knockdown senescent ECFCs were completely inhibited by anti-IGF-1 antibodies. FAK (focal adhesion kinase), ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinase), and STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3) were activated in senescent ECFCs with Panx1 knockdown, in which the intracellular calcium level was reduced, and the activation was inhibited by supplemented calcium. The increased IGF-1 in Panx1-knockdown ECFCs was abrogated, respectively, by inhibitors of FAK (PF562271), ERK (U0126), and STAT3 (NSC74859) and supplemented calcium. CONCLUSIONS Panx1 expression is upregulated in human ECFCs/EPCs with replication-induced senescence and during aging. Angiogenic potential of senescent ECFCs is improved by Panx1 reduction through increased IGF-1 production via activation of the FAK-ERK axis following calcium influx reduction. Our findings provide new strategies to evaluate EPC activities and rejuvenate senescent EPCs for therapeutic angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Yi Tien
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan (T.-Y.T., Y.S.)
- Departments of Medical Research (T.-Y.T., C.-L.H., B.-J.W., Y.-N.L.), MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yih-Jer Wu
- Internal Medicine (Y.-J.W., C.-H.S., H.-I.Y.), MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan (Y.-J.W., C.-H.S., H.-I.Y.)
| | - Cheng-Huang Su
- Internal Medicine (Y.-J.W., C.-H.S., H.-I.Y.), MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan (Y.-J.W., C.-H.S., H.-I.Y.)
| | - Chin-Ling Hsieh
- Departments of Medical Research (T.-Y.T., C.-L.H., B.-J.W., Y.-N.L.), MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Bo-Jeng Wang
- Departments of Medical Research (T.-Y.T., C.-L.H., B.-J.W., Y.-N.L.), MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Nan Lee
- Departments of Medical Research (T.-Y.T., C.-L.H., B.-J.W., Y.-N.L.), MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yeu Su
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan (T.-Y.T., Y.S.)
| | - Hung-I Yeh
- Internal Medicine (Y.-J.W., C.-H.S., H.-I.Y.), MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan (Y.-J.W., C.-H.S., H.-I.Y.)
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Li C, Yin X, Liu Z, Wang J. Emerging Potential Mechanism and Therapeutic Target of Ferroptosis in PDAC: A Promising Future. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:15031. [PMID: 36499358 PMCID: PMC9740869 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a devastating malignant tumor of gastrointestinal (GI) tumors characterized by late diagnosis, low treatment success and poor prognosis. The most common pathological type of PC is pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), which accounts for approximately 95% of PC. PDAC is primarily driven by the Kirsten rat sarcoma virus (KRAS) oncogene. Ferroptosis was originally described as ras-dependent cell death but is now defined as a regulated cell death caused by iron accumulation and lipid peroxidation. Recent studies have revealed that ferroptosis plays an important role in the development and therapeutic response of tumors, especially PDAC. As the non-apoptotic cell death, ferroptosis may minimize the emergence of drug resistance for clinical trials of PDAC. This article reviews what has been learned in recent years about the mechanisms of ferroptosis in PDAC, introduces the association between ferroptosis and the KRAS target, and summarizes several potential strategies that are capable of triggering ferroptosis to suppress PDAC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Xunzhe Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Zuojia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-3400, USA
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Abuduwaili W, Wang X, Huang AT, Sun JL, Xu RC, Zhang GC, Liu ZY, Wang F, Zhu CF, Liu TT, Dong L, Zhu JM, Weng SQ, Li Y, Shen XZ. Iridium Complex-Loaded Sorafenib Nanocomposites for Synergistic Chemo-photodynamic Therapy of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:37356-37368. [PMID: 35951459 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c07247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Although sorafenib, a multi-kinase inhibitor, has provided noteworthy benefits in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the inevitable side effects, narrow therapeutic window, and low bioavailability seriously affect its clinical application. To be clinically distinctive, innovative drugs must meet the needs of reaching tumor tissues and cause limited side effects to normal organs and tissues. Recently, photodynamic therapy, utilizing a combination of a photosensitizer and light irradiation, was selectively accumulated at the tumor site and taken up effectively via inducing apoptosis or necrosis of cancer cells. In this study, a nano-chemo-phototherapy drug was fabricated to compose an iridium-based photosensitizer combined with sorafenib (IPS) via a self-assembly process. Compared to the free iridium photosensitizer or sorafenib, the IPS exhibited significantly improved therapeutic efficacy against tumor cells because of the increased cellular uptake and the subsequent simultaneous release of sorafenib and generation of reactive oxygen species production upon 532 nm laser irradiation. To evaluate the effect of synergistic treatment, cytotoxicity detection, live/dead staining, cell proliferative and apoptotic assay, and Western blot were performed. The IPS exhibited sufficient biocompatibility by hemolysis and serum biochemical tests. Also, the results suggested that IPS significantly inhibited HCC cell proliferation and promoted cell apoptosis. More importantly, marked anti-tumor growth effects via inhibiting cell proliferation and promoting tumor cell death were observed in an orthotopic xenograft HCC model. Therefore, our newly proposed nanotheranostic agent for combined chemotherapeutic and photodynamic therapy notably improves the therapeutic effect of sorafenib and has the potential to be a new alternative option for HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weinire Abuduwaili
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Rd., Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Institute of Liver Disease, 180 Fenglin Rd., Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Institute of Bismuth Science & School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 516 Jungong Rd., Shanghai 200093, China
| | - An-Tian Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Rd., Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Institute of Liver Disease, 180 Fenglin Rd., Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jia-Lei Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Rd., Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Institute of Liver Disease, 180 Fenglin Rd., Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ru-Chen Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Rd., Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Institute of Liver Disease, 180 Fenglin Rd., Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Guang-Cong Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Rd., Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Institute of Liver Disease, 180 Fenglin Rd., Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhi-Yong Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Rd., Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Institute of Liver Disease, 180 Fenglin Rd., Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Fu Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Rd., Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Institute of Liver Disease, 180 Fenglin Rd., Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chang-Feng Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Rd., Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Institute of Liver Disease, 180 Fenglin Rd., Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Tao-Tao Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Rd., Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Institute of Liver Disease, 180 Fenglin Rd., Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ling Dong
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Rd., Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Institute of Liver Disease, 180 Fenglin Rd., Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ji-Min Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Rd., Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Institute of Liver Disease, 180 Fenglin Rd., Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shu-Qiang Weng
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Rd., Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Institute of Liver Disease, 180 Fenglin Rd., Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yuhao Li
- Institute of Bismuth Science & School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 516 Jungong Rd., Shanghai 200093, China
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Energy Therapy for Tumors, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 516 Jungong Rd., Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Xi-Zhong Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Rd., Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Institute of Liver Disease, 180 Fenglin Rd., Shanghai 200032, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Rd., Shanghai 200032, China
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Modulation of the tumour microenvironment in hepatocellular carcinoma by tyrosine kinase inhibitors: from modulation to combination therapy targeting the microenvironment. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:73. [PMID: 35148789 PMCID: PMC8840552 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-02435-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) remain the backbone of systematic therapy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. Sorafenib and lenvatinib are currently approved as first-line therapeutic drugs, and regorafenib and cabozantinib are applied as second-line treatments. With inhibition of angiogenesis as the main target, TKIs exert a profound effect on the tumour microenvironment (TME). The TME is a complex mixture of cellular and noncellular components surrounding the tumour mass, and is associated with tumour progression partially through the epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Specifically, the TME of HCC is characterized by profound extracellular matrix remodelling and an immunosuppressive microenvironment. The purpose of this review is to provide a summary of TME remodelling mediated by four Food and Drug Administration approved TKIs in HCC and thus summarize the rationale and potential targets for combination therapy. The modulatory effect of TKIs on the TME of HCC was reported to enhance the antitumour effect of TKIs through pyroptosis of macrophages and subsequent natural killer cell activation, T cell activation, regulatory T cell reduction in HCC. Meanwhile, TKIs also induce drug resistance via M2 polarization and accumulation, recruitment of tumour-associated neutrophils, and induction of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition. In conclusion, the effect of TKIs on TME can enhance its antitumour effect, but might also partially contribute to the drug resistance that hinders the progression of TKIs as treatment for HCC. Additionally, the effect of TKIs also provides the rationale for combination therapy, including combining TKIs with immune checkpoint inhibitors, to facilitate increased drug efficacy of TKIs.
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Kerdput V, Nilbu-Nga C, Kaewnoonual N, Itharat A, Pongsawat S, Pradidarcheep W. Therapeutic efficacy of a Dioscorea membranacea extract in a rat model of hepatocellular carcinoma: Histopathological aspects. J Tradit Complement Med 2021; 11:400-408. [PMID: 34522634 PMCID: PMC8427478 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2021.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is most common in adults and has a high mortality rate because of a lack of effective treatment options. We investigated the effect of a medicinal plant as a potential source of drugs against HCC. The rhizomes of Dioscorea membranacea Pierre (DM), Hua-Khao-Yen in Thai, are commonly used as ingredients for alternative treatment of cancer in Thailand. In this study, the anticancer effects of DM extract in HCC-bearing rats were evaluated with respect to gross morphology, histopathology, and leakage of liver enzymes. In untreated HCCs, typical features of liver cancer, including hepatic nodules, thick-cell cords, and pseudoglandular cell arrangements, were observed. In addition, the HCCs showed abnormal reticulin patterns and a high glypican3 expression. In HCC-bearing rats treated with DM the cancer areas and reticulin expression were significantly reduced compared to the untreated group (p < 0.01). Sorafenib, the standard drug to treat HCC, reduced the cancer area further, but increased leakage of liver enzymes and decreased serum albumin concentration, indicating liver toxicity. These findings suggest that DM has an anticancer effect on HCCs in an animal model in vivo with potentially less severe side effects than sorafenib. Therefore, further studies of DM’s mechanism of action in HCC should be carried out. DM exerted a mitigating effect on histopathology and membrane damage of HCC in rats. Its effect was similar to that of the standard drug sorafenib. It reduced the volume of cancer nodules without the serious hepatotoxic side effects seen after SF treatment.
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Key Words
- ALP, alkaline phosphatase
- ALT, alanine aminotransferase
- AST, aspartate aminotransferase
- DEN, diethylnitrosamine
- DM, Dioscorea membranacea
- GGT, γ-glutamyltransferase
- GPC3, glypican3
- HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma
- Hua-Khao-Yen
- Liver cancer
- PBS, phosphate-buffered saline
- Reticulin
- SF, sorafenib
- TAA, thioacetamide
- TUNEL, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling
- Traditional medicine
- glypican3
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Affiliation(s)
- Vichununt Kerdput
- Biomedical Science Program, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Cheng Nilbu-Nga
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nattpawit Kaewnoonual
- Anatomy Unit, Department of Medical Science, Faculty of Science, Rangsit University, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Arunporn Itharat
- Center of Excellence in Applied Thai Traditional Medicine Research, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Suriya Pongsawat
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wisuit Pradidarcheep
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, Thailand
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9
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Zhang Y, Xue Z, Hu S, Bai H, Wang J, Wang N. Chrysin Inhibits Pseudo-allergic Reaction by Suppressing Mitochondrial STAT3 Activation via MAS-Related GPR Family Member X2. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:6569-6577. [PMID: 34100606 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c02565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Chrysin, one of the most pharmacologically active natural flavonoids, has been extracted from various plants. Mast cells are an important part of innate immunity-mediating anaphylaxis. Pseudo-allergic reactions are currently believed to be associated with the MAS-related GPR family member X2 (MrgX2). In this study, the anti-pseudo allergy effect of chrysin and its underlying mechanisms were studied in vitro and in vivo. Chrysin inhibited passive cutaneous anaphylaxis and systemic pseudo-allergy in vivo. LAD2 cell degranulation, calcium ion (Ca2+) influx, and adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) content were significantly suppressed in a dose-dependent manner. Chrysin suppressed pseudo-allergic reactions through the PLC/IP3/Ca2+ and ERK/STAT3 serine 727 pathways downstream of MrgX2. Therefore, mitochondrial ATP, but not glycolysis, is vital for pseudo-allergic reactions mediated by MrgX2. This study provides new insights for the treatment of pseudo-allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjing Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Zhuoyin Xue
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Shiling Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Haoyun Bai
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Jue Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Nan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
- Pazhou Lab, Guangzhou 510330, China
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10
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Chuang HY, Tyan YS, Hwang JJ, Shih KC, Lin WC. A combination of sorafenib and radiotherapy reduces NF-κB activity and growth of hepatocellular carcinoma in an orthotopic mouse model. Oncol Lett 2021; 21:337. [PMID: 33692869 PMCID: PMC7933744 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is difficult to diagnose at an early stage, and its prognosis is generally poor. Sorafenib is the primary treatment for unresectable advanced HCC and targets multiple receptor tyrosine kinases. However, sorafenib only extends the average survival time by 3 months. This observation indicates that sorafenib may need to be combined with other treatments to further improve outcomes. We previously showed that combination of sorafenib with radiotherapy (RT) enhances tumor inhibition in subcutaneous HCC mouse models compared with monotherapy. The present study demonstrated that combining sorafenib and RT could suppress tumor growth in an orthotopic HCC model by regulating apoptosis and NF-κB-related pathways. Moreover, decreased numbers of visible liver tumors and a smaller percentage of spleen metastases were found in the combination group. A transient drop in body weight was initially observed after RT, but progressive recovery of body weight occurred. The current study showed that the combination of sorafenib and RT could be a safe strategy for HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Yen Chuang
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yeu-Sheng Tyan
- Department of Medical Imaging, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jeng-Jong Hwang
- Department of Medical Imaging, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Kuang-Chung Shih
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Cheng-Hsin General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Wei-Chan Lin
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Radiology, Cathay General Hospital, New Taipei 106, Taiwan, R.O.C.,School of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei 106, Taiwan, R.O.C
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11
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Jiang Y, Chen P, Hu K, Dai G, Li J, Zheng D, Yuan H, He L, Xie P, Tu M, Peng S, Qu C, Lin W, Chung RT, Hong J. Inflammatory microenvironment of fibrotic liver promotes hepatocellular carcinoma growth, metastasis and sorafenib resistance through STAT3 activation. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:1568-1582. [PMID: 33410581 PMCID: PMC7875922 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The pro‐inflammatory and pro‐fibrotic liver microenvironment facilitates hepatocarcinogenesis. However, the effects and mechanisms by which the hepatic fibroinflammatory microenvironment modulates intrahepatic hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression and its response to systematic therapy remain largely unexplored. We established a syngeneic orthotopic HCC mouse model with a series of persistent liver injury induced by CCl4 gavage, which mimic the dynamic effect of hepatic pathology microenvironment on intrahepatic HCC growth and metastasis. Non‐invasive bioluminescence imaging was applied to follow tumour progression over time. The effect of the liver microenvironment modulated by hepatic injury on sorafenib resistance was investigated in vivo and in vitro. We found that the persistent liver injury facilitated HCC growth and metastasis, which was positively correlated with the degree of liver inflammation rather than the extent of liver fibrosis. The inflammatory cytokines in liver tissue were clearly increased after liver injury. The two indicated cytokines, tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), both promoted intrahepatic HCC progression via STAT3 activation. In addition, the hepatic inflammatory microenvironment contributed to sorafenib resistance through the anti‐apoptotic protein mediated by STAT3, and STAT3 inhibitor S3I‐201 significantly improved sorafenib efficacy impaired by liver inflammation. Clinically, the increased inflammation of liver tissues was accompanied with the up‐regulated STAT3 activation in HCC. Above all, we concluded that the hepatic inflammatory microenvironment promotes intrahepatic HCC growth, metastasis and sorafenib resistance through activation of STAT3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchuan Jiang
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kaishun Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guanqi Dai
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinying Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Overseas Chinese Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dandan Zheng
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Yuan
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lu He
- Department of Radiotherapy, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Penghui Xie
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengxian Tu
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuang Peng
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chen Qu
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenyu Lin
- Liver Center and Gastrointestinal Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Raymond T Chung
- Liver Center and Gastrointestinal Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jian Hong
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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12
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Popescu GDA, Scheau C, Badarau IA, Dumitrache MD, Caruntu A, Scheau AE, Costache DO, Costache RS, Constantin C, Neagu M, Caruntu C. The Effects of Capsaicin on Gastrointestinal Cancers. Molecules 2020; 26:molecules26010094. [PMID: 33379302 PMCID: PMC7794743 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26010094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers are a group of diseases with very high positions in the ranking of cancer incidence and mortality. While they show common features regarding the molecular mechanisms involved in cancer development, organ-specific pathophysiological processes may trigger distinct signaling pathways and intricate interactions with inflammatory cells from the tumoral milieu and mediators involved in tumorigenesis. The treatment of GI cancers is a topic of increasing interest due to the severity of these diseases, their impact on the patients' survivability and quality of life, and the burden they set on the healthcare system. As the efficiency of existing drugs is hindered by chemoresistance and adverse reactions when administered in high doses, new therapies are sought, and emerging drugs, formulations, and substance synergies are the focus of a growing number of studies. A class of chemicals with great potential through anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and anti-tumoral effects is phytochemicals, and capsaicin in particular is the subject of intensive research looking to validate its position in complementing cancer treatment. Our paper thoroughly reviews the available scientific evidence concerning the effects of capsaicin on major GI cancers and its interactions with the molecular pathways involved in the course of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cristian Scheau
- Department of Physiology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (I.A.B.); (C.C.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Ioana Anca Badarau
- Department of Physiology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (I.A.B.); (C.C.)
| | - Mihai-Daniel Dumitrache
- Departament of Pneumology IV, “Marius Nasta” Institute of Pneumophtysiology, 050159 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Ana Caruntu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, “Carol Davila” Central Military Emergency Hospital, 010825 Bucharest, Romania;
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, “Titu Maiorescu” University, 031593 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Andreea-Elena Scheau
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, Fundeni Clinical Institute, 022328 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Daniel Octavian Costache
- Department of Dermatology, “Carol Davila” Central Military Emergency Hospital, 010825 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Raluca Simona Costache
- Gastroenterology and Internal Medicine Clinic, “Carol Davila” Central Military Emergency Hospital, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Carolina Constantin
- Immunology Department, Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania; (C.C.); (M.N.)
- Department of Pathology, Colentina University Hospital, 020125 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Monica Neagu
- Immunology Department, Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania; (C.C.); (M.N.)
- Department of Pathology, Colentina University Hospital, 020125 Bucharest, Romania
- Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 76201 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Constantin Caruntu
- Department of Physiology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (I.A.B.); (C.C.)
- Department of Dermatology, Prof. N.C. Paulescu National Institute of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, 011233 Bucharest, Romania
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13
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Wang X, Li H, Li D, Bai Y, Zhang Y, Yan X, Li J, Zhao R, Liu J, Liu W, Shi M, Xu C, Yang T, Zhang T. Sorafenib and CuB exert synergistic antitumor effects against hepatocellular carcinoma cells via inhibition of STAT3 phosphorylation. FEBS Open Bio 2020; 11:133-145. [PMID: 33176070 PMCID: PMC7780105 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sorafenib, the first‐line agent for treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), improves median overall survival by approximately 3 months. In the present study, we investigated whether sorafenib combined with cucurbitacin B (CuB), a natural tetracyclic triterpenoid isolated from Cucurbitaceae, exerts enhanced antitumor effects against HCC. Cell viability and colony formation ability were detected by cell‐counting kit‐8 and colony formation assays. Cell cycle and apoptosis were analyzed by flow cytometry. Protein expression was detected by western blotting. HepG2 xenografts in nude mice were used to evaluate in vivo antitumor effects. We report that sorafenib and CuB exhibited synergistic effects on cellular proliferation inhibition and cell apoptosis induction, but not on cell cycle arrest. Furthermore, combination treatment enhanced levels of cleaved caspase 3 and cleaved caspase 9, but suppressed phosphorylation of STAT3. Epidermal growth factor, a potent stimulator of signal transducer and activator of transcription‐3 (STAT3), promoted cell viability and colony formation ability, whereas combination treatment exerted inhibitory effects on epidermal growth factor‐induced STAT3 phosphorylation. Finally, HepG2 xenograft mice cotreated with sorafenib and CuB exhibited reduced tumor progression without notable weight loss. In conclusion, sorafenib and CuB exert synergistic antitumor effects through a pathway that may involve STAT3 phosphorylation, and this may represent a promising therapeutic approach for treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Wang
- Department of Cancer, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,Clinical School of Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Hua Li
- Cancer Center, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Dong Li
- Cancer Center, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Yudi Bai
- Basic School of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Basic School of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xue Yan
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Jin Li
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Ri Zhao
- Scientific Research Center, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiahui Liu
- Basic School of Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Clinical School of Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Maolin Shi
- Clinical School of Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Cheng Xu
- Department of Cancer, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,Clinical School of Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Tai Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Cancer Center, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
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14
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Molecular Mechanisms to Target Cellular Senescence in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cells 2020; 9:cells9122540. [PMID: 33255630 PMCID: PMC7761055 DOI: 10.3390/cells9122540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has emerged as a major cause of cancer-related death and is the most common type of liver cancer. Due to the current paucity of drugs for HCC therapy there is a pressing need to develop new therapeutic concepts. In recent years, the role of Serum Response Factor (SRF) and its coactivators, Myocardin-Related Transcription Factors A and B (MRTF-A and -B), in HCC formation and progression has received considerable attention. Targeting MRTFs results in HCC growth arrest provoked by oncogene-induced senescence. The induction of senescence acts as a tumor-suppressive mechanism and therefore gains consideration for pharmacological interventions in cancer therapy. In this article, we describe the key features and the functional role of senescence in light of the development of novel drug targets for HCC therapy with a focus on MRTFs.
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15
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Gharibi T, Babaloo Z, Hosseini A, Abdollahpour-alitappeh M, Hashemi V, Marofi F, Nejati K, Baradaran B. Targeting STAT3 in cancer and autoimmune diseases. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 878:173107. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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16
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Shi X, Wang B, Chen X, Zheng Y, Ding Y, Wang C. Upregulation of ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2Z is associated with human hepatocellular carcinoma. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 523:25-32. [PMID: 31831168 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.11.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
UBE2Z, a member of ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes, has been reported to participate in multiple biological processes. However, its roles in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain undiscovered. This study aimed at investigating the functions of UBE2Z in HCC. Firstly, we evaluated UBE2Z expression in HCC and identified associations among UBE2Z expression, clinicopathological features, copy number alterations, DNA methylation, and survival of patients using data from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). As a result, UBE2Z was remarkably overexpressed in HCC tissues relative to normal liver tissues (P < 0.05). High UBE2Z expression was significantly correlated with age, advanced TNM stage, histological grade, vascular invasion, elevated serum alpha-fetoprotein expression (AFP), worse overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) of HCC patients (all P < 0.05). Besides, data mining in UCSC Xena Browser showed that UBE2Z DNA amplification which was significantly associated with its expression was common (108 out of 364) in HCC, and that the level of UBE2Z DNA methylation was negatively associated with its expression (Pearson's correlation = -0.4, P < 0.0001). After analyzing the datasets from TCGA, we further confirmed the up-regulation of UBE2Z in 60 HCC tissues and several HCC cell lines. Finally, functional assays were performed and showed that knockdown UBE2Z using small interfering RNA (siRNA) could significantly restrain tumor cell proliferation and suppress cell migration and cell invasion through repressing the expression of MMP2 and MMP9. Meanwhile, UBE2Z knockdown could effectively reduce the expression of p-ERK, p-p38, p-JNK, p-Stat3 and p-JAK2, suggesting that UBE2Z might promote HCC progression by targeting ERK and stat3 signaling pathway. These findings implied that UBE2Z might be considered as a prognostic biomarker in HCC and provided a potential therapeutic tumor-associated antigen for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaokang Shi
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China; Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Xiaoyan Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Yuyang Zheng
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Youming Ding
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.
| | - Changhua Wang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China.
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17
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Morales ML, Arenas A, Ortiz-Ruiz A, Leivas A, Rapado I, Rodríguez-García A, Castro N, Zagorac I, Quintela-Fandino M, Gómez-López G, Gallardo M, Ayala R, Linares M, Martínez-López J. MEK inhibition enhances the response to tyrosine kinase inhibitors in acute myeloid leukemia. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18630. [PMID: 31819100 PMCID: PMC6901485 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54901-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) is a key driver of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Several tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) targeting FLT3 have been evaluated clinically, but their effects are limited when used in monotherapy due to the emergence of drug-resistance. Thus, a better understanding of drug-resistance pathways could be a good strategy to explore and evaluate new combinational therapies for AML. Here, we used phosphoproteomics to identify differentially-phosphorylated proteins in patients with AML and TKI resistance. We then studied resistance mechanisms in vitro and evaluated the efficacy and safety of rational combinational therapy in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo in mice. Proteomic and immunohistochemical studies showed the sustained activation of ERK1/2 in bone marrow samples of patients with AML after developing resistance to FLT3 inhibitors, which was identified as a common resistance pathway. We examined the concomitant inhibition of MEK-ERK1/2 and FLT3 as a strategy to overcome drug-resistance, finding that the MEK inhibitor trametinib remained potent in TKI-resistant cells and exerted strong synergy when combined with the TKI midostaurin in cells with mutated and wild-type FLT3. Importantly, this combination was not toxic to CD34+ cells from healthy donors, but produced survival improvements in vivo when compared with single therapy groups. Thus, our data point to trametinib plus midostaurin as a potentially beneficial therapy in patients with AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Luz Morales
- H12O-CNIO Haematological Malignancies Clinical Research Unit, Hospital 12 de Octubre - Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alicia Arenas
- H12O-CNIO Haematological Malignancies Clinical Research Unit, Hospital 12 de Octubre - Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandra Ortiz-Ruiz
- H12O-CNIO Haematological Malignancies Clinical Research Unit, Hospital 12 de Octubre - Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandra Leivas
- H12O-CNIO Haematological Malignancies Clinical Research Unit, Hospital 12 de Octubre - Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Rapado
- H12O-CNIO Haematological Malignancies Clinical Research Unit, Hospital 12 de Octubre - Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas, Madrid, Spain
- Servicio de Hematología, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (CIBERONC), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alba Rodríguez-García
- H12O-CNIO Haematological Malignancies Clinical Research Unit, Hospital 12 de Octubre - Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nerea Castro
- Servicio de Hematología, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ivana Zagorac
- Breast Cancer Clinical Research Unit, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Quintela-Fandino
- Breast Cancer Clinical Research Unit, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Gómez-López
- Bioinformatics Unit, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Gallardo
- H12O-CNIO Haematological Malignancies Clinical Research Unit, Hospital 12 de Octubre - Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa Ayala
- H12O-CNIO Haematological Malignancies Clinical Research Unit, Hospital 12 de Octubre - Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas, Madrid, Spain
- Servicio de Hematología, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (CIBERONC), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Linares
- H12O-CNIO Haematological Malignancies Clinical Research Unit, Hospital 12 de Octubre - Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas, Madrid, Spain.
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Joaquín Martínez-López
- H12O-CNIO Haematological Malignancies Clinical Research Unit, Hospital 12 de Octubre - Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas, Madrid, Spain
- Servicio de Hematología, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (CIBERONC), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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18
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Varshosaz J, Sadri F, Rostami M, Mirian M, Taymouri S. Synthesis of pectin-deoxycholic acid conjugate for targeted delivery of anticancer drugs in hepatocellular carcinoma. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 139:665-677. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.07.225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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19
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Han Z, Liu S, Lin H, Trivett AL, Hannifin S, Yang D, Oppenheim JJ. Inhibition of murine hepatoma tumor growth by cryptotanshinone involves TLR7-dependent activation of macrophages and induction of adaptive antitumor immune defenses. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2019; 68:1073-1085. [PMID: 31161238 PMCID: PMC6584221 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-019-02338-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Cryptotanshinone (CT), a purified compound initially isolated from the dried roots of Salvia militorrhiza. Bunge, exhibits cytotoxic antitumor effects on many tumors. We have shown that CT possesses the dual capacities to concomitantly inhibit the proliferation of lung cancer cells and promote the generation of antitumor immunity. In this study, we investigated whether CT could be used to treat hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) using a mouse Hepa1-6 model. CT inhibited the proliferation of mouse hepatoma (Hepa1-6) cells in vitro by inducing Hepa1-6 cells apoptosis through the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. In addition, CT activated macrophages and polarized mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMM) toward an M1 phenotype in vitro, which depended on the TLR7/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway. Furthermore, CT significantly inhibited the growth of syngeneic Hepa1-6 hepatoma tumors, and, in combination with anti-PD-L1 cured Hepa1-6-bearing mice with the induction of long-term anti-Hepa1-6 specific immunity. Immunoprofiling of treated Hepa1-6-bearing mice revealed that CT-promoted activation of tumor-infiltrating macrophages and dendritic cells, induction of antitumor T cell response, and infiltration of effector/memory CD8 T cells in the tumor tissue. Importantly, the immunotherapeutic effects of CT and anti-PD-L1 depended on the presence of CD8 T cells. Thus, CT and anti-PD-L1 may provide an effective immunotherapeutic regimen for human HCC based on a combination of cytotoxic effects and induction of tumor-specific immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Han
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research (FNLCR), Rm 21-89/31-19, Bldg 560, 1050 Boyles Street, Frederick, MD, 21702-1201, USA
| | - Shuo Liu
- Guang' Anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, #5 Beixian Ge, Xi Cheng District, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Hongsheng Lin
- Guang' Anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, #5 Beixian Ge, Xi Cheng District, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Anna L Trivett
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research (FNLCR), Rm 21-89/31-19, Bldg 560, 1050 Boyles Street, Frederick, MD, 21702-1201, USA
| | - Sean Hannifin
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research (FNLCR), Rm 21-89/31-19, Bldg 560, 1050 Boyles Street, Frederick, MD, 21702-1201, USA
| | - De Yang
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research (FNLCR), Rm 21-89/31-19, Bldg 560, 1050 Boyles Street, Frederick, MD, 21702-1201, USA.
| | - Joost J Oppenheim
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research (FNLCR), Rm 21-89/31-19, Bldg 560, 1050 Boyles Street, Frederick, MD, 21702-1201, USA.
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20
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Li JJ, Yang Z, Huang ZS. Progress in basic and clinical research on molecular targeted therapy for primary hepatic carcinoma. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2019; 27:643-650. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v27.i10.643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
As the second most common cancer in the world, primary liver cancer has become one of the most common causes of cancer-related death in China, causing great pain and financial burden to patients and their families. Traditional treatment methods have not achieved satisfactory results so far, and people are gradually turning their attention to targeted drug therapy, which has many advantages, such as accuracy and little adverse reactions. Previous studies have shown that the introduction of targeted drug sorafenib can improve the survival of patients with primary liver cancer and open a new era of tumor targeted therapy. In recent years, molecular targeted therapy for liver cancer has become a research hotspot. A variety of new molecular targeted drugs have been found to be able to improve the prognosis of patients with advanced liver cancer. The purpose of this article is to review the progress in basic and clinical research on molecular targeted therapy for primary hepatic carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Ji Li
- Graduate College, Youjiang Medical College for Nationalities, Baise 533000, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Zhe Yang
- Graduate College, Youjiang Medical College for Nationalities, Baise 533000, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Zan-Song Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical College for Nationalities, Guangxi Clinical Medical Research Center for Hepatobiliary Diseases Baise 533000, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
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21
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Comparison of dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging and contrast-enhanced ultrasound for evaluation of the effects of sorafenib in a rat model of hepatocellular carcinoma. Magn Reson Imaging 2019; 57:156-164. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2018.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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22
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Chen HW, Shen AL, Liu LY, Peng J, Chu JF. Bear Bile Powder Inhibits Growth of Hepatocellular Carcinoma via Suppressing STAT3 Signaling Pathway in Mice. Chin J Integr Med 2019; 26:370-374. [DOI: 10.1007/s11655-019-3010-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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23
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Kondo R, Ishino K, Wada R, Takata H, Peng WX, Kudo M, Kure S, Kaneya Y, Taniai N, Yoshida H, Naito Z. Downregulation of protein disulfide‑isomerase A3 expression inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis through STAT3 signaling in hepatocellular carcinoma. Int J Oncol 2019; 54:1409-1421. [PMID: 30720090 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2019.4710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein disulfide‑isomerase A3 (PDIA3) is a chaperone protein that modulates folding of newly synthesized glycoproteins and responds to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Previous studies reported that increased expression of PDIA3 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a marker for poor prognosis. However, the mechanism remains poorly understood. The aim of the present study, therefore, was to understand the role of PDIA3 in HCC development. First, immunohistochemical staining of tissues from 53 HCC cases revealed that HCC tissues with high PDIA3 expression exhibited a higher proliferation index and contained fewer apoptotic cells than those with low expression. In addition, the knockdown of PDIA3 significantly inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in HCC cell lines. These results suggest that PDIA3 regulates cell proliferation and apoptosis in HCC. An examination of whether PDIA3 knockdown induced apoptosis through ER stress revealed that PDIA3 knockdown did not increase ER stress marker, 78 kDa glucose‑regulated protein, in HCC cell lines. Furthermore, the association between PDIA3 and the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling pathway were investigated in vitro and in vivo. Immunofluorescence staining and co‑immunoprecipitation experiments revealed colocalization and binding, respectively, of PDIA3 and STAT3 in HCC cell lines. The knockdown of PDIA3 decreased the levels of phosphorylated STAT3 (P‑STAT3; Tyr705) and downstream proteins of the STAT3 signaling pathway: The anti‑apoptotic proteins (Bcl‑2‑like protein 1, induced myeloid leukemia cell differentiation protein Mcl‑1, survivin and X‑linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein). In addition, PDIA3 knockdown provided little inhibitory effect on cell proliferation in HCC cell lines treated with AG490, a tyrosine‑protein kinase JAK/STAT3 signaling inhibitor. Finally, an association was demonstrated between PDIA3 and P‑STAT3 expression following immunostaining of 35 HCC samples. Together, the present data suggest that PDIA3 promotes HCC progression through the STAT3 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Kondo
- Department of Integrated Diagnostic Pathology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113‑8602, Japan
| | - Kousuke Ishino
- Department of Integrated Diagnostic Pathology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113‑8602, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Wada
- Department of Integrated Diagnostic Pathology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113‑8602, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Takata
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hepato‑Biliary‑Pancreatic Surgery, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113‑8602, Japan
| | - Wei-Xia Peng
- Department of Integrated Diagnostic Pathology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113‑8602, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Kudo
- Department of Integrated Diagnostic Pathology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113‑8602, Japan
| | - Shoko Kure
- Department of Integrated Diagnostic Pathology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113‑8602, Japan
| | - Yohei Kaneya
- Department of Integrated Diagnostic Pathology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113‑8602, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Taniai
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hepato‑Biliary‑Pancreatic Surgery, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113‑8602, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yoshida
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hepato‑Biliary‑Pancreatic Surgery, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113‑8602, Japan
| | - Zenya Naito
- Department of Integrated Diagnostic Pathology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113‑8602, Japan
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Dai X, Geng F, Dai J, Li M, Liu M. Rho GTPase Activating Protein 24 (ARHGAP24) Regulates the Anti-Cancer Activity of Sorafenib Against Breast Cancer MDA-MB-231 Cells via the Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (STAT3) Signaling Pathway. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:8669-8677. [PMID: 30499465 PMCID: PMC6284358 DOI: 10.12659/msm.911394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND STAT3 has emerged as a novel potential target for sorafenib, a multikinase inhibitor, in the context of cancer therapy. ARHGAP24 is a Rac-specific Rho GTPase-activating protein (Rho GAP), which can convert Rho GTPases to an inactive state. It has been proved to be an oncosuppressor protein in renal cancer. In the present study, we investigated its anti-cancer effect in breast cancer (BC). MATERIAL AND METHODS Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blot analysis were performed to detect the expression of ARHGAP24 in clinical tissue samples. Then, BC MDA-MB-231 cells were virally transduced with ARHGAP24 silencing or overexpression lentiviral vectors in the absence or presence of sorafenib. Cell viability and metastatic ability were evaluated by using the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and Transwell assays. Proteins belonging to the STAT3 pathway were detected by Western blot. RESULTS ARHGAP24 decreased in BC tissues compared with the adjacent normal tissues. Forced expression of ARHGAP24 and sorafenib treatment significantly suppressed the viability, migration, and invasion of MDA-MB-231 cells. Conversely, elimination of the endogenous ARHGAP24 with shRNA promoted cell viability, migration, and invasion. The phosphorylation of STAT3 and the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were attenuated by ARHGAP24 ectopic expression and sorafenib treatment. Furthermore, forced expression of ARHGAP24 significantly enhanced sorafenib-induced decrease of cell viability, migration, and invasion of MDA-MB-231 cells, while elimination of the endogenous ARHGAP24 with shRNA inhibited it. CONCLUSIONS ARHGAP24 can suppress the development of MDA-MB-231 cells via the STAT3 signaling pathway, and sorafenib inhibits cell viability, migration, invasion, and STAT3 activation in MDA-MB-231 cells through ARHGAP24.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianping Dai
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Feng Geng
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Jiale Dai
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Mengshun Li
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Ming Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, P.R. China
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25
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Gao H, Bai Y, Jia Y, Zhao Y, Kang R, Tang D, Dai E. Ferroptosis is a lysosomal cell death process. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 503:1550-1556. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.07.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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26
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Synergistic effect of ursodeoxycholic acid on the antitumor activity of sorafenib in hepatocellular carcinoma cells via modulation of STAT3 and ERK. Int J Mol Med 2018; 42:2551-2559. [PMID: 30106087 PMCID: PMC6192782 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Sorafenib has been approved for the treatment of advanced stage hepatocellular carcinoma but has limited efficacy. Ursodeoxycholic acid exerts cytoprotective activities in hepatocytes and is believed to suppress tumorigenesis through cell cycle arrest and induction of apoptosis. The present study examined whether co-treatment with ursodeoxycholic acid has a synergistic effect on the antitumor activity of sorafenib in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Notably, co-treatment with both agents more effectively inhibited cell proliferation than sorafenib or ursodeoxycholic acid alone. Furthermore, co-treatment inhibited the phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), a mitogen-activated protein kinase, accompanied by excessive intracellular reactive oxygen species generation in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Thus, chemotherapy with sorafenib and ursodeoxycholic combination may be efficacious in hepatocellular carcinoma by inhibiting cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis through reactive oxygen species-dependent activation of ERK and dephosphorylation of STAT3. The present findings may represent a promising therapeutic strategy for patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma.
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27
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Metwaly HA, El-Gayar AM, El-Shishtawy MM. Inhibition of the signaling pathway of syndecan-1 by synstatin: A promising anti-integrin inhibitor of angiogenesis and proliferation in HCC in rats. Arch Biochem Biophys 2018; 652:50-58. [PMID: 29928859 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2018.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
AIM OF WORK The study was conducted for evaluation of the antitumor activity of SSTN92-119 against HCC induced by thioacetamide in rats. METHODS Sixty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into four equal groups: Control, SSTN92-119, HCC, and HCC + SSTN92-119. Liver function tests were measured in serum. Liver homogenate was used for determination of: i) integrinαѴβ3 (ITGαѴβ3), insulin like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels by ELISA, ii) syndecan-1 (CD-138), IGF-1R and VEGF genes expressions by qRT-PCR, iii) MDA, NO, GSH concentrations and SOD activity. Histopathological and immunohistochemical examination of liver tissue was performed. RESULTS SSTN92-119 decreased HCC-induced elevation in ALT, AST, ALP and GGT activities and reversed HCC-induced reduction in total protein and albumin concentrations significantly. SSTN92-119 significantly elevated hepatic SOD and GSH and reduced both NO and MDA levels. Protein levels of ITGαѴβ3, IGF-1R, VEGF, FGF-2 and AFP were decreased in HCC- SSTN92-119 group as well as gene expression of CD-138, IGF-1R and VEGF compared with HCC group. CONCLUSIONS SSTN92-119 down regulates ITGαѴβ3 receptor and subsequently reduces the activation of angiogenic growth factors VEGF and FGF-2. Therefore, SSTN92-119 is becoming a promising anti-integrin αѴβ3 that inhibits angiogenesis and proliferation in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba A Metwaly
- Dept. of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt; Dept. of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science & Technology, International Costal Road, Gamasa City, Mansoura, Dakhliya, Egypt
| | - Amal M El-Gayar
- Dept. of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Mamdouh M El-Shishtawy
- Dept. of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt.
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28
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Rosenberg L, Yoon CH, Sharma G, Bertagnolli MM, Cho NL. Sorafenib inhibits proliferation and invasion in desmoid-derived cells by targeting Ras/MEK/ERK and PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathways. Carcinogenesis 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgy038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Rosenberg
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Charles H Yoon
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gaurav Sharma
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Nancy L Cho
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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29
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Sangro P, Bilbao I, Fernández-Ros N, Iñarrairaegui M, Zulueta J, Bilbao JI, Sangro B. Pneumatocele during sorafenib therapy: first report of an unusual complication. Oncotarget 2018; 9:6652-6656. [PMID: 29464101 PMCID: PMC5814241 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Sorafenib is a multi-kinase inhibitor and a vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitor approved to treat patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma, renal cell carcinoma and differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Its most common side effects are asthenia/fatigue, skin toxicity, diarrhea and arterial hypertension. Reported respiratory adverse reactions include dyspnea, cough, pleural effusion and hoarseness. The aim of this report is to describe for the first time the occurrence of pneumatocele in two patients treated with Sorafenib. Patients had no respiratory symptoms and alternative diagnoses were ruled out. Primary tumors were different (liver metastases from a pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor and hepatocellular carcinoma) but both patients had been treated with yttrium 90 radioembolization 9 and 17 months before starting on Sorafenib, respectively. No complications occurred and Sorafenib withdrawal was followed by radiologic improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paloma Sangro
- Liver Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Clínica Universidad de Navarra-IDISNA, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Idoia Bilbao
- Liver Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Clínica Universidad de Navarra-IDISNA, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Nerea Fernández-Ros
- Liver Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Clínica Universidad de Navarra-IDISNA, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Mercedes Iñarrairaegui
- Liver Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Clínica Universidad de Navarra-IDISNA and CIBEREHD, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Javier Zulueta
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Clínica Universidad de Navarra-IDISNA, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - JI Bilbao
- Vascular and Interventional Radiology Unit, Clínica Universidad de Navarra-IDISNA, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Bruno Sangro
- Liver Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Clínica Universidad de Navarra-IDISNA and CIBEREHD, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
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30
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Barbhuiya MA, Mirando AC, Simons BW, Lemtiri-Chlieh G, Green JJ, Popel AS, Pandey NB, Tran PT. Therapeutic potential of an anti-angiogenic multimodal biomimetic peptide in hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncotarget 2017; 8:101520-101534. [PMID: 29254183 PMCID: PMC5731893 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Due to inadequate screening methods and the common coexistence of limited functional liver reserves, curative treatment options are limited. Liver transplantation is the only curative treatment modality for early HCC. There are multidisciplinary treatment options like ablative treatments, radiation and systemic therapy available for more advanced patients or those that are inoperable. Treatment resistance and progression is inevitable for these HCC patients. Newer therapeutics need to be explored for better management of HCC. HCC is a hypervascular tumor and many pro-angiogenic proteins are found significantly overexpressed in HCC. Here we explored the therapeutic potential of the anti-angiogenic, anti-lymphangiogenic, and directly anti-tumorigenic biomimetic collagen IV-derived peptide developed by our group. Human HCC cell lines HuH7, Hep3b and HepG2 showed significant disruption of cell adhesion and migration upon treatment with the peptide. Consistent with previously described multimodal inhibitory properties, the peptide was found to inhibit both c-Met and IGF1R signaling in HepG2 cells and blocked HepG2 conditioned media stimulation of microvascular endothelial cell (MEC) tube formation. Furthermore, the peptide treatment of mouse HepG2 tumor xenografts significantly inhibited growth relative to untreated controls. The peptide was also found to improve the survival of autochthonous Myc-induced HCC in a transgenic mouse model. Mechanistically, we found that the peptide treatment reduced microvascular density in the autochthonous liver tumors with increased apoptosis. This study shows the promising therapeutic potential of our biomimetic peptide in the treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa A Barbhuiya
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular and Radiation Sciences, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Adam C Mirando
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Brian W Simons
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Centre and Department of Urology, The Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ghali Lemtiri-Chlieh
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular and Radiation Sciences, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jordan J Green
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Aleksander S Popel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Niranjan B Pandey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Phuoc T Tran
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular and Radiation Sciences, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Centre and Department of Urology, The Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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31
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Gao L, Wang L, Sun Z, Li H, Wang Q, Yi C, Wang X. Morusin shows potent antitumor activity for human hepatocellular carcinoma in vitro and in vivo through apoptosis induction and angiogenesis inhibition. Drug Des Devel Ther 2017; 11:1789-1802. [PMID: 28670112 PMCID: PMC5481341 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s138320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most aggressive cancers with high mortality worldwide. Research and development of novel agents for HCC therapy is in demand, urgently. Morusin has been reported to exhibit potential cytotoxic activity in several cancer cell lines. However, whether it has potential antiangiogenic activity especially in HCC remains unclear. In the current study, we found that morusin exerted growth inhibition effects on human HCC cells (HepG2 and Hep3B) in vitro and human HCC cell (HepG2) xenografts in vivo. Moreover, apoptosis induction was observed in a dose-dependent manner after morusin treatment along with an increase in the expression of active caspase-3 and the Bax/Bcl-2 expression ratio. More importantly, morusin inhibited proliferation, migration, and tube formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in vitro and downregulated angiogenic proteins in HCC cells and HUVECs. In vivo, tumor angiogenesis was also attenuated after morusin treatment. In addition, morusin suppressed constitutive as well as IL-6-induced STAT3 phosphorylation in HCC cells and corresponding tumor tissues. Overall, morusin has a potential anticancer effect on human HCC cells in vitro and in vivo by inducing apoptosis and inhibiting anti-angiogenesis. The corresponding mechanism might be associated with the attenuation of the IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway. Morusin might serve as a promising novel anticancer agent in HCC therapy, and requires further study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Li Wang
- Laboratory of Lung Cancer, Lung Cancer Center
| | - Zhen Sun
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, West China Hospital, West China Clinical Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyan Li
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, West China Hospital, West China Clinical Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiaoping Wang
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, West China Hospital, West China Clinical Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Xiujie Wang
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, West China Hospital, West China Clinical Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
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32
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Roth GS, Macek Jilkova Z, Zeybek Kuyucu A, Kurma K, Ahmad Pour ST, Abbadessa G, Yu Y, Busser B, Marche PN, Leroy V, Decaens T. Efficacy of AKT Inhibitor ARQ 092 Compared with Sorafenib in a Cirrhotic Rat Model with Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Mol Cancer Ther 2017; 16:2157-2165. [PMID: 28566435 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-16-0602-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the second most common cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. The AKT pathway has been found activated in 50% of HCC cases, making it a promising target. Therefore, we assess efficacy of the allosteric AKT inhibitor ARQ 092 compared with untreated control and standard treatment, sorafenib, in vitro and in vivo ARQ 092 blocked phosphorylation of AKT in vitro and strongly inhibited cell growth with significantly higher potency than sorafenib. Similarly, apoptosis and cell migration were strongly reduced by ARQ 092 in vitro To mimic human advanced HCC, we used a diethylnitrosamine-induced cirrhotic rat model with fully developed HCC. MRI analyses showed that ARQ 092 significantly reduced overall tumor size. Furthermore, number of tumors was decreased by ARQ 092, which was associated with increased apoptosis and decreased proliferation. Tumor contrast enhancement was significantly decreased in the ARQ 092 group. Moreover, on tumor tissue sections, we observed a vascular normalization and a significant decrease in fibrosis in the surrounding liver of animals treated with ARQ 092. Finally, pAKT/AKT levels in ARQ 092-treated tumors were reduced, followed by downregulation of actors of AKT downstream signaling pathway: pmTOR, pPRAS40, pPLCγ1, and pS6K1. In conclusion, we demonstrated that ARQ 092 blocks AKT phosphorylation in vitro and in vivo In the HCC-rat model, ARQ 092 was well tolerated, showed antifibrotic effect, and had stronger antitumor effect than sorafenib. Our results confirm the importance of targeting AKT in HCC. Mol Cancer Ther; 16(10); 2157-65. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaël S Roth
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France.,Institute for Advanced Biosciences - Inserm U1209/CNRS UMR 5309/Université de Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble, France.,Clinique Universitaire d'Hépato-gastroentérologie, Pôle Digidune, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Zuzana Macek Jilkova
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France.,Institute for Advanced Biosciences - Inserm U1209/CNRS UMR 5309/Université de Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Ayca Zeybek Kuyucu
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France.,Institute for Advanced Biosciences - Inserm U1209/CNRS UMR 5309/Université de Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Keerthi Kurma
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France.,Institute for Advanced Biosciences - Inserm U1209/CNRS UMR 5309/Université de Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Séyédéh Tayébéh Ahmad Pour
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France.,Institute for Advanced Biosciences - Inserm U1209/CNRS UMR 5309/Université de Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | | | | | - Benoit Busser
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France.,Institute for Advanced Biosciences - Inserm U1209/CNRS UMR 5309/Université de Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble, France.,Département de biochimie, toxicologie et pharmacologie, Pôle de biologie, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Patrice N Marche
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France.,Institute for Advanced Biosciences - Inserm U1209/CNRS UMR 5309/Université de Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Vincent Leroy
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France.,Institute for Advanced Biosciences - Inserm U1209/CNRS UMR 5309/Université de Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble, France.,Clinique Universitaire d'Hépato-gastroentérologie, Pôle Digidune, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Thomas Decaens
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France. .,Institute for Advanced Biosciences - Inserm U1209/CNRS UMR 5309/Université de Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble, France.,Clinique Universitaire d'Hépato-gastroentérologie, Pôle Digidune, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
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Nakamoto Y. Promising new strategies for hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatol Res 2017; 47:251-265. [PMID: 27558453 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.12795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common causes of cancer death worldwide. It usually arises based on a background of chronic liver diseases, defined as the hypercarcinogenic state. The current treatment options for HCC ranging from locoregional treatments to chemotherapies, including sorafenib, effectively regulate the limited sizes and numbers of the nodules. However, these treatments remain unsatisfactory because they have insufficient antitumor effects on the large and numerous nodules associated with HCC and because of a high recurrence rate in the surrounding inflamed liver. To develop novel and promising therapies with higher antitumor effects, recent progress in identifying molecular targets and developing immunological procedures for HCC are reviewed. The molecular targets discussed include the intracellular signaling pathways of protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin and RAS/RAF/mitogen-activated protein kinase, Wnt/β-catenin and glutamine synthetase, insulin-like growth factor, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, nuclear factor-κB and telomerase reverse transcriptase, and c-MET. Immunological studies have focused mainly on target identification, T cells, natural killer cells, dendritic cells, natural killer T cells, and vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasunari Nakamoto
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
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Wan X, Zhai X, Yan Z, Yang P, Li J, Wu D, Wang K, Xia Y, Shen F. Retrospective analysis of transarterial chemoembolization and sorafenib in Chinese patients with unresectable and recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncotarget 2016; 7:83806-83816. [PMID: 27566566 PMCID: PMC5347807 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We explored the hypothesis that sorafenib may improve the effect of transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) in patients with recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and that longer sorafenib duration was associated with additional survival benefits. In this retrospective, nested case-controlled study, 1126 cases of unresectable HCC were collected. Patients with unresectable disease treated with TACE+sorafenib (n=245) and TACE alone (n=245) and those with recurrence after surgery treated with TACE+sorafenib (n=127) and TACE alone (n=127) were identified and matched according to sex, age, and lesion size and number. The clinicopathological factors associated with survival were examined by univariate and multivariate analyses. The mean duration of sorafenib treatment was 10.8±10.51 months. Sorafenib significantly increased the median survival time as compared to TACE alone (unresectable HCC: 20.23 vs. 13.97 months, respectively; p=0.013 and recurrent HCC: 30.7 and 18.22 months, respectively; p=0.003). The survival of patients with unresectable HCC was associated with the presence of portal vein tumor thrombus (HR=1.47, p=0.004) and treatment method (TACE+sorafenib combination therapy; HR=0.72, p=0.003). For patients with recurrent HCC, the presence of extrahepatic metastasis (HR=1.71, p=0.012) and treatment method (TACE+sorafenib therapy; HR=0.60, p=0.002) also was associated with survival. For patients treated with TACE+sorafenib, multivariate analysis showed decreased hazard of death with longer duration of sorafenib treatment (HR=0.9, p<0.001). Thus, sorafenib plus TACE may provide survival benefits, which may be related with sorafenib treatment duration, particularly for patients with HCC recurrence. Further clinical studies are required to confirm these results and identify which patients are most likely to benefit from this therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuying Wan
- Department of Combined Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhai
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenlin Yan
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, The Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pinghua Yang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, The Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, The Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dong Wu
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, The Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kui Wang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, The Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Xia
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, The Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Shen
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, The Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Niu M, Hong D, Ma TC, Chen XW, Han JH, Sun J, Xu K. Short-term and long-term efficacy of 7 targeted therapies for the treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: a network meta-analysis: Efficacy of 7 targeted therapies for AHCC. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e5591. [PMID: 27930578 PMCID: PMC5266050 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000005591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2016] [Revised: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A variety of targeted drug therapies in clinical trials have been proven to be effective for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Our study aims to compare the short-term and long-term efficacies of different targeted drugs in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (AHCC) treatment using a network meta-analysis approach. METHODS PubMed, Embase, Ovid, EBSCO, and Cochrane central register of controlled trials were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of different targeted therapies implemented to patients with AHCC. And the retrieval resulted in 7 targeted drugs, namely, sorafenib, ramucirumab, everolimus, brivanib, tivantinib, sunitinib, and sorafenib+erlotinib. Direct and indirect evidence were combined to evaluate stable disease (SD), progressive disease (PD), complete response (CR), partial response (PR), disease control rate (DCR), overall response ratio (ORR), overall survival (OS), and surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) of patients with AHCC. RESULTS A total of 11 RCTs were incorporated into our analysis, including 6594 patients with AHCC, among which 1619 patients received placebo treatment and 4975 cases had targeted therapies. The results revealed that in comparison with placebo, sorafenib, and ramucirumab displayed better short-term efficacy in terms of PR and ORR, and brivanib was better in ORR. Regarding long-term efficacy, sorafenib and sorafenib+erlotinib treatments exhibited longer OS. The data of cluster analysis showed that ramucirumab or sorafenib+erlotinib presented relatively better short-term efficacy for the treatment of AHCC. CONCLUSION This network meta-analysis shows that ramucirumab and sorafenib+erlotinib may be the better targeted drugs for AHCC patients, and sorafenib+erlotinib achieved a better long-term efficacy.
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Roeser JC, Leach SD, McAllister F. Emerging strategies for cancer immunoprevention. Oncogene 2015; 34:6029-39. [PMID: 26364615 PMCID: PMC11073473 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Revised: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The crucial role of the immune system in the formation and progression of tumors has been widely accepted. On one hand, the surveillance role of the immune system plays an important role in endogenous tumor prevention, but on the other hand, in some special circumstances such as in chronic inflammation, the immune system can actually contribute to the formation and progression of tumors. In recent years, there has been an explosion of novel targeted immunotherapies for advanced cancers. In the present manuscript, we explore known and potential various types of cancer prevention strategies and focus on nonvaccine-based cancer preventive strategies targeting the immune system at the early stages of tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Steven D. Leach
- The David M. Rubenstein Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Florencia McAllister
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention. The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center. Houston, TX
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Perumpail RB, Liu A, Wong RJ, Ahmed A, Harrison SA. Pathogenesis of hepatocarcinogenesis in non-cirrhotic nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Potential mechanistic pathways. World J Hepatol 2015; 7:2384-2388. [PMID: 26464753 PMCID: PMC4598608 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v7.i22.2384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) primarily arises in the background of liver cirrhosis, the development of HCC in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) without cirrhosis is increasingly recognized. The pathogenesis of NAFLD associated non-cirrhotic HCC is distinct from that of cirrhotic HCC because the metabolic syndrome (MS) along with obesity and insulin resistance (IR) underlie several unique mechanisms that promote tumorigenesis. IR associated with MS, NAFLD, and type 2 diabetes mellitus lead to the release of multiple pro-inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-6, leptin and resistin, as well as decreased amounts of adiponectin. These processes favor the development of hepatic steatosis and inflammation within the liver, which precede HCC development. Nevertheless, further investigation is necessary to elucidate the determinants for development of HCC in patients with NAFLD in the absence of cirrhosis.
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38
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Perumpail RB, Wong RJ, Ahmed A, Harrison SA. Hepatocellular Carcinoma in the Setting of Non-cirrhotic Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and the Metabolic Syndrome: US Experience. Dig Dis Sci 2015; 60:3142-8. [PMID: 26250831 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-015-3821-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity, and the metabolic syndrome (MS) have been growing in prevalence in the USA and are independent risk factors for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the hepatic manifestation of the MS, with or without nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) can predispose to HCC in the absence of cirrhosis or advanced fibrosis. Nevertheless, the US literature investigating non-cirrhotic HCC in the setting of NAFLD/NASH and MS is lacking. AIM To describe a retrospective case series of patients who developed HCC without cirrhosis in the setting of NAFLD/NASH or features of the MS. METHODS We identified NAFLD/NASH-associated HCC cases arising in the absence of cirrhosis between January 2010 and September 2012 from a tumor board database at Brooke Army Medical Center (BAMC). RESULTS Of 44 cases of HCC reviewed, six cases of non-cirrhotic HCC associated with NAFLD/NASH and/or MS were identified. Only one patient underwent partial hepatectomy with curative intent. The other five might have been candidates for potential curative partial hepatectomy or liver transplantation had they been diagnosed earlier. CONCLUSION Our case series highlights the development of NAFLD/NASH and MS-associated HCC in the absence of cirrhosis in the US population and raises the important question of HCC screening for this at-risk group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan B Perumpail
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Liver Transplant Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, 750 Welch Road, Suite #210, Stanford, CA, 94304, USA.
| | - Robert J Wong
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Alameda Health System, Highland Hospital Campus, 1411 East 31st Street, Oakland, CA, 94602, USA.
| | - Aijaz Ahmed
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Liver Transplant Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, 750 Welch Road, Suite #210, Stanford, CA, 94304, USA.
| | - Stephen A Harrison
- Division of Gastroenterology, San Antonio Military Medical Center, 3841 Roger Brooke Drive, Fort Sam Houston, TX, 78234, USA.
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Grillone A, Riva ER, Mondini A, Forte C, Calucci L, Innocenti C, de Julian Fernandez C, Cappello V, Gemmi M, Moscato S, Ronca F, Sacco R, Mattoli V, Ciofani G. Active Targeting of Sorafenib: Preparation, Characterization, and In Vitro Testing of Drug-Loaded Magnetic Solid Lipid Nanoparticles. Adv Healthc Mater 2015; 4:1681-90. [PMID: 26039933 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201500235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Revised: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Sorafenib is an anticancer drug approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of hepatocellular and advanced renal carcinoma. The clinical application of sorafenib is promising, yet limited by its severe toxic side effects. The aim of this study is to develop sorafenib-loaded magnetic nanovectors able to enhance the drug delivery to the disease site with the help of a remote magnetic field, thus enabling cancer treatment while limiting negative effects on healthy tissues. Sorafenib and superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles are encapsulated in solid lipid nanoparticles by a hot homogenization technique using cetyl palmitate as lipid matrix. The obtained nanoparticles (Sor-Mag-SLNs) have a sorafenib loading efficiency of about 90% and are found to be very stable in an aqueous environment. Plain Mag-SLNs exhibit good cytocompatibility, whereas an antiproliferative effect against tumor cells (human hepatocarcinoma HepG2) is observed for drug-loaded Sor-Mag-SLNs. The obtained results show that it is possible to prepare stable Sor-Mag-SLNs able to inhibit cancer cell proliferation through the sorafenib cytotoxic action, and to enhance/localize this effect in a desired area thanks to a magnetically driven accumulation of the drug. Moreover, the relaxivity properties observed in water suspensions hold promise for Sor-Mag-SLN tracking through clinical magnetic resonance imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agostina Grillone
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia; Center for Micro-BioRobotics @SSSA; Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34 56025 Pontedera Pisa Italy
- Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna; The BioRobotics Institute; Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34 56025 Pontedera Pisa Italy
| | - Eugenio Redolfi Riva
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia; Center for Micro-BioRobotics @SSSA; Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34 56025 Pontedera Pisa Italy
- Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna; The BioRobotics Institute; Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34 56025 Pontedera Pisa Italy
| | - Alessio Mondini
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia; Center for Micro-BioRobotics @SSSA; Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34 56025 Pontedera Pisa Italy
| | - Claudia Forte
- Istituto di Chimica dei Composti OrganoMetallici; Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - CNR; Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 1 56124 Pisa Italy
| | - Lucia Calucci
- Istituto di Chimica dei Composti OrganoMetallici; Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - CNR; Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 1 56124 Pisa Italy
| | - Claudia Innocenti
- INSTM and Department of Chemistry “Ugo Shiff”; University of Florence; Via della Lastruccia 3-13 50019 Sesto Fiorentino Firenze Italy
| | - Cesar de Julian Fernandez
- Istituto dei Materiali per l'Elettronica e il Magnetismo; Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - CNR; Parco Area delle Scienze 37/A 43124 Parma Italy
| | - Valentina Cappello
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia; Center for Nanotechnology Innovation @NEST; Piazza San Silvestro 12 56127 Pisa Italy
| | - Mauro Gemmi
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia; Center for Nanotechnology Innovation @NEST; Piazza San Silvestro 12 56127 Pisa Italy
| | - Stefania Moscato
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale; Università di Pisa; Via Savi 10 56126 Pisa Italy
| | - Francesca Ronca
- Università di Pisa; Dipartimento di Patologia Chirurgica; Medica, Molecolare e dell'Area Critica; Via Savi 10 56126 Pisa Italy
| | - Rodolfo Sacco
- Unità Operativa di Gastroenterologia e Malattie del Ricambio; Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria Pisana; Via Paradisa 2 56124 Pisa Italy
| | - Virgilio Mattoli
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia; Center for Micro-BioRobotics @SSSA; Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34 56025 Pontedera Pisa Italy
| | - Gianni Ciofani
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia; Center for Micro-BioRobotics @SSSA; Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34 56025 Pontedera Pisa Italy
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STAT3 inhibition reduces toxicity of oncolytic VSV and provides a potentially synergistic combination therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Gene Ther 2015; 22:317-25. [PMID: 25930184 DOI: 10.1038/cgt.2015.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2015] [Revised: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a refractory malignancy with a high mortality and increasing worldwide incidence rates, including the United States and central Europe. In this study, we demonstrate that a specific inhibitor of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), NSC74859, efficiently reduces HCC cell proliferation and can be successfully combined with oncolytic virotherapy using vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV). The potential benefits of this combination treatment are strengthened by the ability of NSC74859 to protect primary hepatocytes and nervous system cells against virus-induced cytotoxicity, with an elevation of the VSV maximum tolerated dose in mice. Hereby we propose a strategy for improving the current regimen for HCC treatment and seek to further explore the molecular mechanisms underlying selective oncolytic specificity of VSV.
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The naturally born fusariotoxin enniatin B and sorafenib exert synergistic activity against cervical cancer in vitro and in vivo. Biochem Pharmacol 2014; 93:318-331. [PMID: 25557295 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2014.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Revised: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
During the last decades substantial progress has been made in developing systemic cancer therapy. However, tumors are frequently intrinsically resistant against structurally and mechanistically unrelated drugs. Thus, it is of predominant interest to overcome drug resistance and to encourage the research for novel chemotherapeutic approaches. Recently, we have introduced enniatins, naturally occurring cyclohexadepsipeptides produced by filamentous fungi of the genus Fusarium, as potential anticancer drugs. Here, we expend this approach by demonstrating antiangiogenic properties for enniatin B (Enn B) indicated by a strong inhibition of human endothelial cell migration and tube formation. Moreover, combination of Enn B with the clinically approved multi-kinase inhibitor sorafenib (Sora) displayed profound synergistic in vitro and in vivo anticancer effects against cervical cancer. Subsequent studies showed that this strong synergism is accompanied by a marked increase in mitochondrial injury and apoptosis induction reflected by mitochondrial membrane depolarization, caspase-7 activation, and subsequent cleavage of PARP. Additionally, cells were shown to stop DNA synthesis and accumulate in S and G2/M phase of the cell cycle. The multifaceted characteristics underlying this strong synergism were suggested to be based on interference with the p38 MAPK as well as the ERK signaling pathways. Finally, also in vivo studies revealed that the combination treatment is distinctly superior to single drug treatments against the KB-3-1 cervix carcinoma xenograft model. Taken together, our data confirm the anticancer benefits of the naturally occurring fusariotoxin Enn B and further present Enn B/Sora as a novel combination strategy especially for the treatment of cervical cancer.
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Zhang L, Liu FY, Fu JX, Duan F, Fan QS, Wang MQ. Hepatic arterial administration of sorafenib and iodized oil effectively attenuates tumor growth and intrahepatic metastasis in rabbit VX2 hepatocellular carcinoma model. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2014; 7:7775-7781. [PMID: 25550815 PMCID: PMC4270620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the therapeutic effect of the hepatic arterial administration of sorafenib in rabbit VX-2 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) model. METHODS Rabbit VX-2 HCC models were established via implanting VX-2 tumors into the livers, and randomly divided into four groups, respectively treated with (1) The hepatic arterial administration of iodized oil alone (TACE-i), (2) The hepatic arterial administration of iodized oil and pharmorubicin (TACE-ip), (3) The hepatic arterial administration of iodized and cis-DDP (TACE-ic), (4) The hepatic arterial administration of iodized and sorafenib (TACE-is). The growth rate and intrahepatic metastasis of implanted VX-2 tumor in each rabbit were measured. Microvessel density (MVD) in the adjacent tissues of implanted VX-2 tumor were estimated by detecting the expression of CD34 and VEGF level in tumor adjacent tissues were also examined by Immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Compared with other groups, TACE-is treatment group presented a better effect on inhibiting tumor growth rate and intrahepatic metastasis in rabbit VX-2 HCC model. The angiogenesis (assessed by MVD) in the adjacent tissues were suppressed more dramatically in TACE-is treated group. Moreover, TACE-is treatment did not significantly increase the levels of alanine transaminase and creatinine compared to the group with TACE-i treatment. CONCLUSION The hepatic arterial administration of sorafenib and iodized oil (TACE-is) effectively attenuates tumor growth and intrahepatic metastasis in rabbit VX-2 HCC model without obvious hepatic and renal toxicity. One of the related mechanisms may be due to the inhibition of angiogenesis in the adjacent tissues. Our data indicated that TACE-is may be a secure and effective treatment for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital Beijing 100853, China
| | - Feng-Yong Liu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital Beijing 100853, China
| | - Jin-Xin Fu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital Beijing 100853, China
| | - Feng Duan
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital Beijing 100853, China
| | - Qing-Sheng Fan
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital Beijing 100853, China
| | - Mao-Qiang Wang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital Beijing 100853, China
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Fatty acid esters of phloridzin induce apoptosis of human liver cancer cells through altered gene expression. PLoS One 2014; 9:e107149. [PMID: 25229655 PMCID: PMC4167698 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Phloridzin (phlorizin or phloretin 2′-O-glucoside) is known for blocking intestinal glucose absorption. We have investigated the anticarcinogenic effect of phloridzin and its novel derivatives using human cancer cell lines. We have synthesised novel acylated derivatives of phloridzin with six different long chain fatty acids by regioselective enzymatic acylation using Candida Antarctica lipase B. The antiproliferative effects of the new compounds were investigated in comparison with the parent compounds, phloridzin, aglycone phloretin, the six free fatty acids and chemotherapeutic drugs (sorafenib, doxorubicin and daunorubicin) using human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells, human breast adenocarcinoma MDA-MB-231 cells and acute monocytic leukemia THP-1 cells along with normal human and rat hepatocytes. The fatty acid esters of phloridzin inhibited significantly the growth of the two carcinoma and leukemia cells while similar treatment doses were not toxic to normal human or rat hepatocytes. The antiproliferative potency of fatty esters of phloridzin was comparable to the potency of the chemotherapeutic drugs. The fatty acid esters of phloridzin inhibited DNA topoisomerases IIα activity that might induce G0/G1 phase arrest, induced apoptosis via activation of caspase-3, and decreased ATP level and mitochondrial membrane potential in HepG2 cells. Based on the high selectivity on cancer cells, decosahexaenoic acid (DHA) ester of phloridzin was selected for gene expression analysis using RT2PCR human cancer drug target array. Antiproliferative effect of DHA ester of phloridzin could be related to the down regulation of anti-apoptotic gene (BCL2), growth factor receptors (EBFR family, IGF1R/IGF2, PDGFR) and its downstream signalling partners (PI3k/AKT/mTOR, Ras/Raf/MAPK), cell cycle machinery (CDKs, TERT, TOP2A, TOP2B) as well as epigenetics regulators (HDACs). These results suggest that fatty esters of phloridzin have potential chemotherapeutic effects mediated through the attenuated expression of several key proteins involved in cell cycle regulation, DNA topoisomerases IIα activity and epigenetic mechanisms followed by cell cycle arrest and apoptosis.
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Zhang W, Liu S, Liu K, Ji B, Wang Y, Liu Y. Knockout of ADAM10 enhances sorafenib antitumor activity of hepatocellular carcinoma in vitro and in vivo. Oncol Rep 2014; 32:1913-22. [PMID: 25176394 DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Sorafenib (SOR), a vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) inhibitor, is in wide clinical use for the treatment and prevention of liver cancer. However, extended SOR administration for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) induces drug resistance thereby limiting its efficacy and highlighting the need for improved therapeutic strategies. It has previously been demonstrated that knockout of a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 10 (ADAM10) via siRNA induced cancer apoptosis and decreased chemotherapy drug resistance. However, whether knockout of ADAM10 is able to decrease SOR resistance remains to be determined. Therefore, in the present study, the effect of siRNA-ADAM10 in combination with SOR was analyzed in HCC cell lines (HepG2) by inhibiting tumor growth and simultaneously reducing doses of SOR. Cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, invasion and involvement in receptor signaling were determined after siRNA-ADAM10 was applied in combination with SOR treatment. Tumor growth ability in nude mice was also detected. The results showed that siRNA-ADAM10 in combination with SOR treatment in HCC cancer cells significantly suppressed proliferation, migration and invasion, and induced tumor apoptosis in vitro, and suppressed tumor growth in vivo. In addition, the results showed that knockout of ADAM10 by siRNA inhibited the constitutive phosphorylation of PI3K and AKT, which may contribute to the reduction of SOR resistance. Collectively, our experimental results indicate that knockout of ADAM10 by siRNA increased the SOR antitumor activity of liver cancer in vitro and in vivo, and that this additive combination is a promising drug candidate for treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Songyang Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Kai Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Bai Ji
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Yingchao Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Yahui Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
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Hou S, Yi YW, Kang HJ, Zhang L, Kim HJ, Kong Y, Liu Y, Wang K, Kong HS, Grindrod S, Bae I, Brown ML. Novel carbazole inhibits phospho-STAT3 through induction of protein-tyrosine phosphatase PTPN6. J Med Chem 2014; 57:6342-53. [PMID: 24978112 DOI: 10.1021/jm4018042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The aberrant activation of STAT3 occurs in many human cancers and promotes tumor progression. Phosphorylation of a tyrosine at amino acid Y705 is essential for the function of STAT3. Synthesized carbazole derived with fluorophore compound 12 was discovered to target STAT3 phosphorylation. Compound 12 was found to inhibit STAT3-mediated transcription as well as to reduce IL-6 induced STAT3 phosphorylation in cancer cell lines expressing both elevated and low levels of phospho-STAT3 (Y705). Compound 12 potently induced apoptosis in a broad number of TNBC cancer cell lines in vitro and was effective at inhibiting the in vivo growth of human TNBC xenograft tumors (SUM149) without any observed toxicity. Compound 12 also effectively inhibited the growth of human lung tumor xenografts (A549) harboring aberrantly active STAT3. In vitro and in vivo studies showed that the inhibitory effects of 12 on phospho-STAT3 were through up-regulation of the protein-tyrosine phosphatase PTPN6. Our present studies strongly support the continued preclinical evaluation of compound 12 as a potential chemotherapeutic agent for TNBC and cancers with constitutive STAT3 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujie Hou
- Center for Drug Discovery, Georgetown University Medical Center , 3970 Reservoir Road, NW, Washington, D.C., 20057, United States
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Yu HJ, Shin JA, Jung JY, Nam JS, Hong IS, Cho NP, Cho SD. Inhibition of myeloid cell leukemia-1: Association with sorafenib-induced apoptosis in human mucoepidermoid carcinoma cells and tumor xenograft. Head Neck 2014; 37:1326-35. [PMID: 25043125 DOI: 10.1002/hed.23749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Revised: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of our study was to investigate the anticancer effect of sorafenib on mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) and find its new molecular mechanism. METHODS The apoptotic effects of sorafenib were performed using MTS assay, diamidino-phenylindole (DAPI) staining, Western blotting, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), siRNA, and xenograft. RESULTS Sorafenib had apoptotic effects on MC-3 and YD15 cells and decreased myeloid cell leukemia-1 (Mcl-1) through proteasome-dependent protein degradation and the inhibition of protein synthesis. Sorafenib significantly affected truncated bid (t-Bid) and siMcl-1 resulting in the upregulation of t-Bid to induce apoptosis. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) phosphorylation was also blocked by sorafenib and a potent STAT3 inhibitor, cryptotanshinone clearly induced poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) cleavage by inhibiting Mcl-1 and increasing t-Bid. Finally, administration of sorafenib significantly suppressed tumor growth and induced apoptosis in tumor xenograft model in association with downregulation of Mcl-1 without any side effects. CONCLUSION Taken together, these findings suggest that sorafenib can be a good anticancer drug candidate for the treatment of MEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Ju Yu
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, and Institute of Oral Bioscience, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Ae Shin
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, and Institute of Oral Bioscience, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Youn Jung
- Department of Companion and Laboratory Animal Science, Kongju National University, Yesan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Seok Nam
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Inchon, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Sun Hong
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Pyo Cho
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, and Institute of Oral Bioscience, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Dae Cho
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, and Institute of Oral Bioscience, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
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Hepatic stellate cell coculture enables sorafenib resistance in Huh7 cells through HGF/c-Met/Akt and Jak2/Stat3 pathways. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:764981. [PMID: 25057499 PMCID: PMC4095710 DOI: 10.1155/2014/764981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Revised: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Purpose. Tumor microenvironment confers drug resistance to kinase inhibitors by increasing RKT ligand levels that result in the activation of cell-survival signaling including PI3K and MAPK signals. We assessed whether HSC-LX2 coculture conferred sorafenib resistance in Huh7 and revealed the mechanism underlying the drug resistance. Experimental Design. The effect of LX2 on sorafenib resistance was determined by coculture system with Huh7 cells. The rescue function of LX2 supernatants was assessed by MTT assay and fluorescence microscopy. The underlying mechanism was tested by administration of pathway inhibitors and manifested by Western blotting. Results. LX2 coculture significantly induced sorafenib resistance in Huh7 by activating p-Akt that led to reactivation of p-ERK. LX2 secreted HGF into the culture medium that triggered drug resistance, and exogenous HGF could also induce sorafenib resistance. The inhibition of p-Akt blocked sorafenib resistance caused by LX2 coculture. Increased phosphorylation of Jak2 and Stat3 was also detected in LX2 cocultured Huh7 cells. The Jak inhibitor tofacitinib reversed sorafenib resistance by blocking Jak2 and Stat3 activation. The combined administration of sorafenib and p-Stat3 inhibitor S3I-201 augmented induced apoptosis even in the presence of sorafenib resistance. Conclusions. HSC-LX2 coculture induced sorafenib resistance in Huh7 through multiple pathways: HGF/c-Met/Akt pathway and Jak2/Stat3 pathway. A combined administration of sorafenib and S3I-201 was able to augment sorafenib-induced apoptosis even in the presence of LX2 coculture.
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Walsh LA, Roy DM, Reyngold M, Giri D, Snyder A, Turcan S, Badwe CR, Lyman J, Bromberg J, King TA, Chan TA. RECK controls breast cancer metastasis by modulating a convergent, STAT3-dependent neoangiogenic switch. Oncogene 2014; 34:2189-203. [PMID: 24931164 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Revised: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis is the primary cause of cancer-related death in oncology patients. A comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms that cancer cells usurp to promote metastatic dissemination is critical for the development and implementation of novel diagnostic and treatment strategies. Here we show that the membrane protein RECK (Reversion-inducing cysteine-rich protein with kazal motifs) controls breast cancer metastasis by modulating a novel, non-canonical and convergent signal transducer and activator of transcription factor 3 (STAT3)-dependent angiogenic program. Neoangiogenesis and STAT3 hyperactivation are known to be fundamentally important for metastasis, but the root molecular initiators of these phenotypes are poorly understood. Our study identifies loss of RECK as a critical and previously unknown trigger for these hallmarks of metastasis. Using multiple xenograft mouse models, we comprehensively show that RECK inhibits metastasis, concomitant with a suppression of neoangiogenesis at secondary sites, while leaving primary tumor growth unaffected. Further, with functional genomics and biochemical dissection we demonstrate that RECK controls this angiogenic rheostat through a novel complex with cell surface receptors to regulate STAT3 activation, cytokine signaling, and the induction of both vascular endothelial growth factor and urokinase plasminogen activator. In accordance with these findings, inhibition of STAT3 can rescue this phenotype both in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, our study uncovers, for the first time, that RECK is a novel regulator of multiple well-established and robust mediators of metastasis; thus, RECK is a keystone protein that may be exploited in a clinical setting to target metastatic disease from multiple angles.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Walsh
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - D M Roy
- 1] Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA [2] Weill Cornell Rockefeller/Sloan-Kettering Tri-Institutional MD-PhD Program, New York, NY, USA
| | - M Reyngold
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - D Giri
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - A Snyder
- 1] Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA [2] Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - S Turcan
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - C R Badwe
- Weill Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY, USA
| | - J Lyman
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - J Bromberg
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - T A King
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - T A Chan
- 1] Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA [2] Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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LU SEN, GAO YUN, HUANG XINLI, WANG XUEHAO. GYY4137, a hydrogen sulfide (H2S) donor, shows potent anti-hepatocellular carcinoma activity through blocking the STAT3 pathway. Int J Oncol 2014; 44:1259-67. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Lavecchia A, Di Giovanni C, Cerchia C. Novel inhibitors of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 signaling pathway: an update on the recent patent literature. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2014; 24:383-400. [PMID: 24432979 DOI: 10.1517/13543776.2014.877443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is a transcription factor that plays a key role in normal cell growth and is constitutively activated in about 70% of solid and hematological cancers. Thus, the development of potent and selective inhibitors that target STAT3 is of interest especially in the cancer therapeutic area. AREAS COVERED This review updates new patents claiming STAT3 inhibitors and their uses published from 2011 to 2013. Pre-2011 patents have been extensively covered in previous reviews. Comments on the context of each chemical series are given where applicable to orientate the readers on the bewildering array of molecular designs now available. EXPERT OPINION The growing number of preclinical studies in numerous malignances as well as the first clinical trials of STAT3 inhibitors suggest that STAT3 remains a valid target for the treatment of human cancers as well as inflammatory diseases and/or autoimmune disorders. So, the future looks bright for patients because many new drugs are being developed and now combinations of STAT3 inhibitors with other targeted agents can diminish the resistance to traditional chemotherapy. These advances are expected to lead to further significant progress improving patient outcomes and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Lavecchia
- University of Naples Federico II, Department of Pharmacy, "Drug Discovery" Laboratory , Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples , Italy +39 081 678613 ; +39 081 678012 ;
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