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Li Z, Zhou Y, Lai M, Luo J, Yan F. Acoustic Delivery of Plasma Low-Density Lipoprotein into Liver via ApoB100-Targeted Microbubbles Inhibits Atherosclerotic Plaque Growth. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:24206-24220. [PMID: 38700017 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c00999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the main risk factor for cardiovascular disease, which accounts for the majority of mortality worldwide. A significantly increased plasma level of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), surrounded by a monolayer of phospholipids, free cholesterol, and one apolipoprotein B-100 (ApoB-100) in the blood, plays the most significant role in driving the development of atherosclerosis. Commercially available cholesterol-lowering drugs are not sufficient for preventing recurrent cardiovascular events. Developing alternative strategies to decrease the plasma cholesterol levels is desirable. Herein, we develop an approach for reducing LDL-C levels using gas-filled microbubbles (MBs) that were coated with anti-ApoB100 antibodies. These targeted MBApoB100 could selectively capture LDL particles in the bloodstream through forming LDL-MBApoB100 complexes and transport them to the liver for degradation. Further immunofluorescence staining and lipidomic analyses showed that these LDL-MBApoB100 complexes may be taken up by Kupffer cells and delivered to liver cells and bile acids, greatly inhibiting atherosclerotic plaque growth. More importantly, ultrasound irradiation of these LDL-MBApoB100 complexes that accumulated in the liver may induce acoustic cavitation effects, significantly enhancing the delivery of LDL into liver cells and accelerating their degradation. Our study provides a strategy for decreasing LDL-C levels and inhibiting the progression of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhou Li
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second People's Hospital of Shenzhen, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518061, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second People's Hospital of Shenzhen, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518061, China
- Department of Ultrasound, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Manlin Lai
- Department of Medical Imaging-Ultrasound Division, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518053, China
| | - Jingna Luo
- Department of Ultrasound, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Fei Yan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
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Farooqui H, Anjum F, Lebeche D, Ali S. Boron Facilitates Amelioration of Hepatic Injury by the Osmolyte Glycine and Resolves Injury by Improving the Tissue Redox Homeostasis. J Diet Suppl 2024; 21:585-607. [PMID: 38501915 DOI: 10.1080/19390211.2024.2328340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Background: Glycine is a conditional non-essential amino acid in human and other mammals. It is abundant in the liver and is known for a wide spectrum of characteristics including the antioxidant, antiinflammatory, immunomodulatory, and cryoprotective effects. The amino acid is a naturally occurring osmolyte compatible with protein surface interactions and has been reported in literature as a potent therapeutic immuno-nutrient for liver diseases such as alcoholic liver disease. Oral glycine administration protects ethanol-induced liver injury, improves serum and tissue lipid profile, and alleviates hepatic injury in various conditions. In recent years, sodium salt of boron (borax) has been reported for its beneficial effects on cellular stress, including the effects on cell survival, immunity, and tissue redox state. Incidentally both glycine and boron prevent apoptosis and promote cell survival under stress. Objective: This study investigates the beneficial effect of borax on liver protection by glycine. Methods: Briefly, liver toxicity was induced in rats by a single intraperitoneal injection of thioacetamide (400 mg/kg b. wt.). Results: Significant changes in oxidative stress and liver function test parameters, the molybdenum Fe-S flavin hydroxylase activity, nitric oxide and tissue histopathology were observed in thioacetamide treated positive control group. The changes were ameliorated both by glycine as well as borax, but the combinatorial treatment yielded a better response indicating the impact of boron supplementation on glycine mediated protection of liver injury in experimental animal model. Conclusions: The study has clinical implications as the hepatotoxicity caused by thioacetamide mimics features of hepatitis C infection in human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humaira Farooqui
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, New Delhi, India
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Farah Anjum
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Djamel Lebeche
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, The University of TN Health Science Centre, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Shakir Ali
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Li N, Zhou ZS, Shen Y, Xu J, Miao HH, Xiong Y, Xu F, Li BL, Luo J, Song BL. Inhibition of the sterol regulatory element-binding protein pathway suppresses hepatocellular carcinoma by repressing inflammation in mice. Hepatology 2017; 65:1936-1947. [PMID: 28027595 DOI: 10.1002/hep.29018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Obesity is a critical risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, it remains unknown whether inhibition of de novo lipid biosynthesis can suppress HCC. In this study, we blocked the sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP) pathway, one of the key determinants of lipid homeostasis, by ablating 78-kDa cell-surface glycoprotein or SREBP cleavage-activating protein in hepatocytes, as well as by administering a chemical compound called betulin. We found that either genetically or pharmacologically inhibiting the SREBP pathway dramatically reduced diethylnitrosamine-induced HCC progression by down-regulating tumor-promoting cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and IL-1β. CONCLUSION Inhibition of de novo lipid biosynthesis by suppressing the SREBP pathway prevents HCC. This study identifies a previously underappreciated role of the SREBP pathway in HCC and suggests a novel metabolic strategy to control liver cancer. (Hepatology 2017;65:1936-1947).
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhang-Sen Zhou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, the Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong-Hua Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Xu
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Bo-Liang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Luo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, the Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bao-Liang Song
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, the Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Yan HF, Sun HW, Wang P, Zhang SL, Yang JW, Xu BX, Zhou JL, Li CL, Cui Y. Effect of lipopolysaccharide on proliferation, secretion and ultrastructure of murine liver Kupffer cells under high glucose conditions. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2017; 25:412-419. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v25.i5.412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the effect of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on the proliferation, secretion and ultrastructure of liver Kupffer cells (KCs) under high glucose conditions.
METHODS Murine liver KCs were cultured, amplified, and then randomly divided into a high glucose group [(HG), 25.0 mmol/L D-glucose], a normal glucose group [(CON), 11.1 mmol/L D-glucose], a LPS + high glucose group [(LPS-HG), 25.0 mmol/L D-glucose], and a LPS + normal glucose group [(LPS-CON), 11.1 mmol/L D-glucose)]. The KCs in each group were cultured for 24 h, and then LPS was added for the LPS-HG and LPS-CON groups. After 6 h of continuous cultivation, cell proliferation and cell cycle were detected by MTT colorimetric assay and flow cytometry, respectively. Cell supernatants were collected to determine the levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 by Luminex xMAP technique. The ultrastructure of KCs was observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM).
RESULTS MTT colorimetric assay showed that the optical density (OD) of murine liver KCs treated with LPS for 6 h under high glucose conditions increased significantly, but the OD values decreased significantly in the HG and LPS-HG groups compared with those of the CON and LPS-CON groups (P < 0.05). Flow cytometry revealed that high glucose arrested the cell cycle in G0/G1 phase; the percentage of G0/G1 phase cells decreased and that of S + G2/M phase cells increased significantly (P < 0.01) after KCs were treated with LPS for 6. The Luminex xMAP assay showed that the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 increased significantly after murine liver KCs were treated with LPS for 6 h under high glucose conditions, and the changes in TNF-α and IL-1β were more obvious. TEM revealed obvious ultrastructural alterations of KCs treated with LPS for 6 h under high glucose conditions. A large number of autophagosomes were observed in the LPS-HG group, and only few were noted in the HG group. Only vacuolar degenerations were visible in the CON and LPS-CON groups.
CONCLUSION LPS can activate and enhance the proliferation and secretion of murine liver Kupffer cells under high glucose conditions. Both LPS and hyperglycemia can induce ultrastructural alterations of KCs including autophagy.
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Park SY, Kim HB, Kim JH, Lee JM, Kim SR, Shin HS, Yi TH. Immunostimulatory effect of fermented red ginseng in the mouse model. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2014; 19:10-8. [PMID: 24772404 PMCID: PMC3999803 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2014.19.1.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, Woongjin fermented red ginseng extract (WFRG) was evaluated for its potential ability to act as an adjuvant for the immune response of mice. For the in vitro study, macrophages were treated with serial concentrations (1 μg/mL, 10 μg/mL, and 100 μg/mL) of WFRG. For in vivo studies, mice were administered different concentrations (10 mg/kg/day, 100 mg/kg/day, and 200 mg/kg/day) of WFRG orally for 21 days. In vitro, the production of nitric oxide and TNF-α by RAW 264.7 cells increased in a dose-dependent manner. In vivo, WFRG enhanced the proliferation of splenocytes induced by two mitogens (i.e., concanavalin A and lipopolysaccharide [LPS]) and increased LPS-induced production of TNF-α and IL-6, but not IL-1β. In conclusion, WFRG has the potential to modulate immune function and should be further investigated as an immunostimulatory agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Yong Park
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Materials & Processing, Kyung Hee University, Gyeonggi 446-701, Korea
| | - Ho-Bin Kim
- Woongjin Food Co., Ltd., Seoul 100-705, Korea
| | | | - Joo-Mi Lee
- Woongjin Food Co., Ltd., Seoul 100-705, Korea
| | | | - Heon-Sub Shin
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Materials & Processing, Kyung Hee University, Gyeonggi 446-701, Korea
| | - Tae-Hoo Yi
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Materials & Processing, Kyung Hee University, Gyeonggi 446-701, Korea
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