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Heydari Z, Moeinvaziri F, Mirazimi SMA, Dashti F, Smirnova O, Shpichka A, Mirzaei H, Timashev P, Vosough M. Alteration in DNA methylation patterns: Epigenetic signatures in gastrointestinal cancers. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 973:176563. [PMID: 38593929 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Abnormalities in epigenetic modifications can cause malignant transformations in cells, leading to cancers of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, which accounts for 20% of all cancers worldwide. Among the epigenetic alterations, DNA hypomethylation is associated with genomic instability. In addition, CpG methylation and promoter hypermethylation have been recognized as biomarkers for different malignancies. In GI cancers, epigenetic alterations affect genes responsible for cell cycle control, DNA repair, apoptosis, and tumorigenic-specific signaling pathways. Understanding the pattern of alterations in DNA methylation in GI cancers could help scientists discover new molecular-based pharmaceutical treatments. This study highlights alterations in DNA methylation in GI cancers. Understanding epigenetic differences among GI cancers may improve targeted therapies and lead to the discovery of new diagnostic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Heydari
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Farideh Moeinvaziri
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Centre, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Ali Mirazimi
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran; Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Dashti
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran; Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Olga Smirnova
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasia Shpichka
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
| | - Peter Timashev
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia; World-Class Research Center "Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare", Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia; Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Massoud Vosough
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Centre, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
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Bayat M, Shirgir A, Kazemi Veisari A, Najjar Sadeghi R. Detection of CDH1 gene promoter hypermethylation in gastric cancer and chronic gastritis. Pract Lab Med 2024; 40:e00406. [PMID: 38883562 PMCID: PMC11180341 DOI: 10.1016/j.plabm.2024.e00406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim The current study aimed to assess the frequency of CDH1 promoter gene hypermethylation in gastric cancer and chronic gastritis and its correlation with clinicopathological aspects. Methods Methylation-specific PCR was used to detect CDH1 promoter gene hypermethylation in 53 chronic gastritis patients and 40 gastric cancer patients along with normal adjacent tissues. Results The chronic gastritis group comprised 29 males and 24 females with a mean age of 51.8 ± 12.96 years, and 49.1 % of them were positive for H. pylori infection. The frequency of CDH1 hypermethylation in gastritis lesions was 18.8 %. CDH1 hypermethylation showed a significant correlation with H. pylori infection (p = 0.039), but no significant association was observed with other clinical features. The gastric cancer group consisted of individuals with a mean age of 65.4 ± 10.6, among them, 77.5 % were male and 22.5 % were female, 62.5 % had PT3 tumors, 40 % had PN1 lymph node involvement, and the majority (47.5 %) of samples were obtained from body segment. CDH1 hypermethylation was significantly associated with depth of invasion (p = 0.017) and nodal invasion (p = 0.041) in this group. In both groups, normal adjacent specimens lacked CDH1 hypermethylation, and there was no statistically significant correlation between CDH1 hypermethylation and age at which the tumor was diagnosed, gender, activity level, or tumor location. Conclusion This study demonstrates that E-cadherin methylation is associated with some characteristics of chronic gastritis and gastric cancer. These findings support previous research indicating that CDH1 hypermethylation may play a significant role in the development of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitra Bayat
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Amir Shirgir
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Arash Kazemi Veisari
- Gut and Liver Research Center, Non-Communicable Disease Research Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Rouhallah Najjar Sadeghi
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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Wang P, Meng Z, Deng K, Gao Z, Cai J. Vpr driving DNA methylation variation of CD4 + T cells in HIV-1 infection. Virol J 2024; 21:97. [PMID: 38671522 PMCID: PMC11046818 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-024-02363-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the existence of available therapeutic interventions for HIV-1, this virus remains a significant global threat, leading to substantial morbidity and mortality. Within HIV-1-infected cells, the accessory viral protein r (Vpr) exerts control over diverse biological processes, including cell cycle progression, DNA repair, and apoptosis. The regulation of gene expression through DNA methylation plays a crucial role in physiological processes, exerting its influence without altering the underlying DNA sequence. However, a thorough examination of the impact of Vpr on DNA methylation in human CD4 + T cells has not been conducted. METHODS In this study, we employed base-resolution whole-genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS), real-time quantitative RCR and western blot to explore the effect of Vpr on DNA methylation of host cells under HIV-1 infection. RESULTS We observed that HIV-1 infection leads to elevated levels of global DNA methylation in primary CD4 + T cells. Specifically, Vpr induces significant modifications in DNA methylation patterns, particularly affecting regions within promoters and gene bodies. These alterations notably influence genes related to immune-related pathways and olfactory receptor activity. Moreover, Vpr demonstrates a distinct ability to diminish the levels of methylation in histone genes. CONCLUSIONS These findings emphasize the significant involvement of Vpr in regulating transcription through the modulation of DNA methylation patterns. Together, the results of this investigation will considerably enhance our understanding of the influence of HIV-1 Vpr on the DNA methylation of host cells, offer potential avenues for the development of more effective treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhuoyue Meng
- Institute of Human Virology, Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kai Deng
- Institute of Human Virology, Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiliang Gao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Jinfeng Cai
- Institute of Human Virology, Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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Chen J, Zhou J, Cheng F, Chen D, Guan F, Zhang E, He J, Cai Z, Zhao Y. Role of plasma EBV-DNA load and EBER status on newly diagnosed peripheral T-cell lymphoma. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2024; 150:181. [PMID: 38587664 PMCID: PMC11001675 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-024-05702-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore the prognostic and therapeutic role of Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) on peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL). METHODS Totally 262 newly diagnosed PTCL patients who were hospitalized from January 2014 to December 2022 were retrospectively enrolled. Molecular analysis included 31 eligible patients. EBV-encoded RNA (EBER) presence in tumor tissue and EBV DNA levels in patients at baseline (DNA1) and after 4 cycles of chemotherapy (DNA4) were assessed. RESULTS Our findings revealed that the EBER-positive cohort exhibited significant differences compared to counterparts in overall survival (OS, P = 0.047) and progression-free survival (PFS, P = 0.009). Both DNA1 and DNA4 were significantly associated with inferior OS. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that DNA4 independently affected PTCL prognosis for OS (hazard ratio = 5.1617; 95% confidence interval 1.1017-24.1831; P = 0.037). Treatment with the cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (CHOP) plus azacytidine regimen showed a better OS compared to CHOP or CHOP plus etoposide for patients with partially positive EBER and EBER positive statuses (P = 0.192), although the improvement was not statistically significant. This study delineated the genetic paradigm of PTCL, comparing genetic differences by EBV status and found that EBER partially positive plus positive patients were more likely to have DNMT3A (P = 0.002), RHOAG17V (P = 0.023), and TET2 mutations (P = 0.032). CONCLUSION EBER, DNA1, and DNA4 emerged as sensitive markers for prognosis. CHOP plus azacytidine might present a preferable option for PTCL patients with DNA methylation due to EBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- Bone Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Bone Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Fei Cheng
- Pathology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Donghe Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Fangshu Guan
- Bone Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Enfan Zhang
- Bone Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jingsong He
- Bone Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zhen Cai
- Bone Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yi Zhao
- Bone Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
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Bisht S, Mao Y, Easwaran H. Epigenetic dynamics of aging and cancer development: current concepts from studies mapping aging and cancer epigenomes. Curr Opin Oncol 2024; 36:82-92. [PMID: 38441107 PMCID: PMC10939788 DOI: 10.1097/cco.0000000000001020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review emphasizes the role of epigenetic processes as incidental changes occurring during aging, which, in turn, promote the development of cancer. RECENT FINDINGS Aging is a complex biological process associated with the progressive deterioration of normal physiological functions, making age a significant risk factor for various disorders, including cancer. The increasing longevity of the population has made cancer a global burden, as the risk of developing most cancers increases with age due to the cumulative effect of exposure to environmental carcinogens and DNA replication errors. The classical 'somatic mutation theory' of cancer cause is being challenged by the observation that multiple normal cells harbor cancer driver mutations without resulting in cancer. In this review, we discuss the role of age-associated epigenetic alterations, including DNA methylation, which occur across all cell types and tissues with advancing age. There is an increasing body of evidence linking these changes with cancer risk and prognosis. SUMMARY A better understanding about the epigenetic changes acquired during aging is critical for comprehending the mechanisms leading to the age-associated increase in cancer and for developing novel therapeutic strategies for cancer treatment and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpa Bisht
- Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yiqing Mao
- Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hariharan Easwaran
- Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Wang X, Dong Y, Zhang H, Zhao Y, Miao T, Mohseni G, Du L, Wang C. DNA methylation drives a new path in gastric cancer early detection: Current impact and prospects. Genes Dis 2024; 11:847-860. [PMID: 37692483 PMCID: PMC10491876 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2023.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common and deadly cancers worldwide. Early detection offers the best chance for curative treatment and reducing its mortality. However, the optimal population-based early screening for GC remains unmet. Aberrant DNA methylation occurs in the early stage of GC, exhibiting cancer-specific genetic and epigenetic changes, and can be detected in the media such as blood, gastric juice, and feces, constituting a valuable biomarker for cancer early detection. Furthermore, DNA methylation is a stable epigenetic alteration, and many innovative methods have been developed to quantify it rapidly and accurately. Nonetheless, large-scale clinical validation of DNA methylation serving as tumor biomarkers is still lacking, precluding their implementation in clinical practice. In conclusion, after a critical analysis of the recent existing literature, we summarized the evolving roles of DNA methylation during GC occurrence, expounded the newly discovered noninvasive DNA methylation biomarkers for early detection of GC, and discussed its challenges and prospects in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhui Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, China
| | - Yaqi Dong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fuling Hospital, Chongqing University, Chongqing 402774, China
| | - Yinghui Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, China
- Suzhou Research Institute of Shandong University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Tianshu Miao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shandong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Ghazal Mohseni
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, China
| | - Lutao Du
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, China
- Shandong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Tumor Marker Detection, Jinan, Shandong 250033, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Medicine Research Center for Clinical Laboratory, Jinan, Shandong 250033, China
| | - Chuanxin Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, China
- Shandong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Tumor Marker Detection, Jinan, Shandong 250033, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Medicine Research Center for Clinical Laboratory, Jinan, Shandong 250033, China
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Anbouhi TS, Sazegar H, Rahimi E. Recognizing the role of Epstein-Barr virus in gastric cancer: transcriptomic insights into malignancy modulation. Virol J 2024; 21:41. [PMID: 38355581 PMCID: PMC10868016 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-024-02307-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies show that Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection can play a role in malignancy and increase the risk of gastric cancer (GC). The objective of this research was to pinpoint genes whose expression may be influenced by EBV and play a role in the development of GC. METHODS Candidate genes potentially susceptible to expression modulation in the presence of EBV were identified through the analysis of GSE185627 and GSE51575 datasets. The association of candidate genes with GC and the survival rate of patients was investigated based on the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) data. Also, pathways related to candidate genes were examined through the MsigDB database. The PPI network was used to identify Hub genes. To corroborate the obtained results, we utilized the RT-qPCR method, employing GC samples from both EBV + and EBV-cases, as well as adjacent normal samples. RESULTS Our results showed that genes upregulated by the EBV in the GC cell line, as well as in EBV + samples, are significantly linked to pathways involving the immune response, inflammation, and the P53 pathway. Conversely, genes downregulated by EBV are closely linked to pathways involving cell proliferation and mTORC1. Examining the candidate genes revealed that a considerable portion of genes susceptible to downregulation under the influence of EBV exhibit oncogenic roles based on TCGA data. Moreover, some of these genes are associated with an unfavorable prognosis. Protein-protein interaction network analysis of candidate genes highlighted IFI44L and OAS2 as potential hub genes in the EBV-GC axis. Our RT-qPCR results further validated these findings, demonstrating that the expression levels of IFI44L and OAS2 were higher in EBV + samples compared to both healthy and EBV-samples. CONCLUSION Our study underscores the capacity of EBV to exert regulatory control over genes associated with GC malignancy. In addition to its inflammatory effects, EBV elicits transcriptomic changes that appear to attenuate the progression of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tabassom Sedaghat Anbouhi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Hossein Sazegar
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran.
| | - Ebrahim Rahimi
- Department of Food Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
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Münz C. Modulation of Epstein-Barr-Virus (EBV)-Associated Cancers by Co-Infections. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5739. [PMID: 38136285 PMCID: PMC10741436 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15245739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The oncogenic and persistent Epstein Barr virus (EBV) is carried by more than 95% of the human adult population. While asymptomatic in most of these, EBV can cause a wide variety of malignancies of lymphoid or epithelial cell origin. Some of these are also associated with co-infections that either increase EBV-induced tumorigenesis or weaken its immune control. The respective pathogens include Kaposi-sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), Plasmodium falciparum and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). In this review, I will discuss the respective tumor entities and possible mechanisms by which co-infections increase the EBV-associated cancer burden. A better understanding of the underlying mechanisms could allow us to identify crucial features of EBV-associated malignancies and defects in their immune control. These could then be explored to develop therapies against the respective cancers by targeting EBV and/or the respective co-infections with pathogen-specific therapies or vaccinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Münz
- Viral Immunobiology, Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
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Lim SB, Joe S, Kim HJ, Lee JL, Park IJ, Yoon YS, Kim CW, Kim JH, Kim S, Lee JY, Shim H, Chu HBK, Cho S, Kang J, Kim SC, Lee HS, Kim YJ, Kim SY, Yu CS. Deciphering the DNA methylation landscape of colorectal cancer in a Korean cohort. BMB Rep 2023; 56:569-574. [PMID: 37605616 PMCID: PMC10618072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant DNA methylation plays a pivotal role in the onset and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC), a disease with high incidence and mortality rates in Korea. Several CRC-associated diagnostic and prognostic methylation markers have been identified; however, due to a lack of comprehensive clinical and methylome data, these markers have not been validated in the Korean population. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to obtain the CRC methylation profile using 172 tumors and 128 adjacent normal colon tissues of Korean patients with CRC. Based on the comparative methylome analysis, we found that hypermethylated positions in the tumor were predominantly concentrated in CpG islands and promoter regions, whereas hypomethylated positions were largely found in the open-sea region, notably distant from the CpG islands. In addition, we stratified patients by applying the CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP) to the tumor methylome data. This stratification validated previous clinicopathological implications, as tumors with high CIMP signatures were significantly correlated with the proximal colon, higher prevalence of microsatellite instability status, and MLH1 promoter methylation. In conclusion, our extensive methylome analysis and the accompanying dataset offers valuable insights into the utilization of CRC-associated methylation markers in Korean patients, potentially improving CRC diagnosis and prognosis. Furthermore, this study serves as a solid foundation for further investigations into personalized and ethnicity-specific CRC treatments. [BMB Reports 2023; 56(10): 569-574].
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok-Byung Lim
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, Ulsan University, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Soobok Joe
- Korea Bioinformation Center (KOBIC), Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Hyo-Ju Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Jong Lyul Lee
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, Ulsan University, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - In Ja Park
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, Ulsan University, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Yong Sik Yoon
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, Ulsan University, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Chan Wook Kim
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, Ulsan University, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Jong-Hwan Kim
- Korea Bioinformation Center (KOBIC), Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Sangok Kim
- Korea Bioinformation Center (KOBIC), Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Jin-Young Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Hyeran Shim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Hoang Bao Khanh Chu
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Sheehyun Cho
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Jisun Kang
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Si-Cho Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Hong Seok Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Young-Joon Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
- LepiDyne Co., Ltd., Seoul 04779, Korea
| | - Seon-Young Kim
- Korea Bioinformation Center (KOBIC), Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Chang Sik Yu
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, Ulsan University, Seoul 05505, Korea
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Huang H, Zhong W, Wang X, Yang Y, Wu T, Chen R, Liu Y, He F, Li J. The role of gastric microecological dysbiosis in gastric carcinogenesis. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1218395. [PMID: 37583514 PMCID: PMC10423824 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1218395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, and reducing its mortality has become an urgent public health issue. Gastric microecological dysbiosis (including bacteria, fungi, viruses, acid suppressants, antibiotics, and surgery) can lead to gastric immune dysfunction or result in a decrease in dominant bacteria and an increase in the number and virulence of pathogenic microorganisms, which in turn promotes development of GC. This review analyzes the relationship between gastric microecological dysbiosis and GC, elucidates dynamic alterations of the microbiota in Correa's cascade, and identifies certain specific microorganisms as potential biomarkers of GC to aid in early screening and diagnosis. In addition, this paper presents the potential of gastric microbiota transplantation as a therapeutic target for gastric cancer, providing a new direction for future research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Huang
- Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wei Zhong
- Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | | | - Ying Yang
- Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Tianmu Wu
- Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Runyang Chen
- Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yanling Liu
- Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Feng He
- Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jun Li
- Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Giammanco A, Anzalone R, Serra N, Graceffa G, Vieni S, Scibetta N, Rea T, Capra G, Fasciana T. Helicobacter pylori and Epstein-Barr Virus Co-Infection in Gastric Disease: What Is the Correlation with p53 Mutation, Genes Methylation and Microsatellite Instability in a Cohort of Sicilian Population? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098104. [PMID: 37175810 PMCID: PMC10179236 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic predisposition, environmental factors, and infectious agents interact in the development of gastric diseases. Helicobacter pylori (Hp) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection has recently been shown to be correlated with these diseases. A cross-sectional study was performed on 100 hospitalized Italian patients with and without gastric diseases. The patients were stratified into four groups. Significant methylation status differences among CDH1, DAPK, COX2, hMLH1 and CDKN2A were observed for coinfected (Hp-EBV group) patients; particularly, a significant presence of COX2 (p = 0.0179) was observed. For microsatellite instability, minor stability was described in the Hp-HBV group (69.23%, p = 0.0456). Finally, for p53 mutation in the EBV group, exon 6 was, significantly, most frequent in comparison to others (p = 0.0124), and in the Hp-EBV group exon 8 was, significantly, most frequent in comparison to others (p < 0.0001). A significant positive relationship was found between patients with infection (Hp, EBV or both) and p53 mutation (rho = 0.383, p = 0.0001), methylation status (rho = 0.432, p < 0.0001) and microsatellite instability (rho = 0.285, p = 0.004). Finally, we observed among infection and methylation status, microsatellite instability, and p53 mutation a significant positive relationship only between infection and methylation status (OR = 3.78, p = 0.0075) and infection and p53 mutation (OR = 6.21, p = 0.0082). According to our analysis, gastric disease in the Sicilian population has different pathways depending on the presence of various factors, including infectious agents such as Hp and EBV and genetic factors of the subject.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Giammanco
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Rita Anzalone
- Department of Surgical Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Nicola Serra
- Department of Public Health, University Federico II of Naples, 80138 Napoli, Italy
| | - Giuseppa Graceffa
- Department of Surgical Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Salvatore Vieni
- Department of Surgical Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Nunzia Scibetta
- Anatomopathology Unit, Arnas Civico Di Cristina Benfratelli Hospital, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Teresa Rea
- Public Health Department, Federico II University Hospital, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Capra
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Teresa Fasciana
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
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12
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Huang X, Ma Z, Qin W. Screening and Bioinformatics Analyses of Key miRNAs Associated with Toll-like Receptor Activation in Gastric Cancer Cells. Medicina (B Aires) 2023; 59:medicina59030511. [PMID: 36984512 PMCID: PMC10053384 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59030511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives: To screen key miRNAs and their target genes related to Toll-like receptor (TLR) activation in gastric cancer (GC) cells and analyze them bioinformatically. Materials and Methods: Venn diagrams were obtained to screen miRNAs that were upregulated/downregulated in both GSE54129 and GSE164174. The miRTarBase database was used to predict the target genes of upregulated miRNAs. The differentially expressed genes in the regulatory network were analyzed. miR-16-5p expression in different tissue samples and the variations in the methylation states of four hub genes were measured. Results: We found that GSE54129 included 21 normal gastric tissues and 111 gastric cancer tissues, GSE164174 included 1417 normal gastric tissues and 1423 gastric cancer tissues. Venn diagram analysis results showed that compared with the control group, a total of 68 DEmiRNAs were upregulated in the GSE54129 and GSE164174 datasets, and no common downregulated DEmiRNAs were found. On further analysis of the GSE108345 dataset, we obtained the competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network associated with the activation of TLRs, and listed the top 10 lncRNA–miRNA–mRNA networks, including 10 miRNAs, 86 mRNA and 134 lncRNAs. Cytological HuBBA scores yielded a total of 1 miRNA, 16 mRNAs and 45 lncRNAs, of which miR-16-5p scored the highest as it was considered a key miRNA for TLR activation in GC cells, which are important in response against microorganisms. The results of Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis showed that endocytosis, microRNAs in cancer and the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway are related to TLR signaling. The results of in vivo experiments indicated that miR-16-5p was highly expressed in gastric cancer cells and tissues. Conclusions: Hsa-miR-16-5p’s target genes mainly play a role by regulating the expression of four genes—MCL1, AP2B1, LAMB1, and RAB11FIP2. The findings provide a scientific basis for the development of immunotherapy for GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiong Huang
- Department of General Surgery, The Eighth People’s Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai 200233, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-021-34284588
| | - Zhen Ma
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wei Qin
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
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13
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Loe AKH, Zhu L, Kim TH. Chromatin and noncoding RNA-mediated mechanisms of gastric tumorigenesis. Exp Mol Med 2023; 55:22-31. [PMID: 36653445 PMCID: PMC9898530 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-00926-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common and deadly cancers in the world. It is a multifactorial disease highly influenced by environmental factors, which include radiation, smoking, diet, and infectious pathogens. Accumulating evidence suggests that epigenetic regulators are frequently altered in GC, playing critical roles in gastric tumorigenesis. Epigenetic regulation involves DNA methylation, histone modification, and noncoding RNAs. While it is known that environmental factors cause widespread alterations in DNA methylation, promoting carcinogenesis, the chromatin- and noncoding RNA-mediated mechanisms of gastric tumorigenesis are still poorly understood. In this review, we focus on discussing recent discoveries addressing the roles of histone modifiers and noncoding RNAs and the mechanisms of their interactions in gastric tumorigenesis. A better understanding of epigenetic regulation would likely facilitate the development of novel therapeutic approaches targeting specific epigenetic regulators in GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Kwan Ho Loe
- grid.42327.300000 0004 0473 9646Program in Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4 Canada ,grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8 Canada
| | - Lexin Zhu
- grid.42327.300000 0004 0473 9646Program in Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4 Canada ,grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8 Canada
| | - Tae-Hee Kim
- Program in Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada. .,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada.
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14
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Noh JH, Shin JY, Lee JH, Park YS, Lee IS, Kim GH, Na HK, Ahn JY, Jung KW, Kim DH, Choi KD, Song HJ, Lee GH, Jung HY. Clinical Significance of Epstein-Barr Virus and Helicobacter pylori Infection in Gastric Carcinoma. Gut Liver 2023; 17:69-77. [PMID: 35611669 PMCID: PMC9840931 DOI: 10.5009/gnl210593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and Helicobacter pylori (HP) coinfection may synergistically induce severe inflammatory responses in the stomach tissue, increasing the risk of developing gastric cancer. We aimed to analyze the effect of EBV and HP coinfection on the clinicopathologic features and prognosis of gastric cancer, as well as to evaluate the role of EBV infection in non-gastric carcinoma with lymphoid stroma (non-GCLS). Methods Overall, 956 patients who underwent surgery for gastric cancer between September 2014 and August 2015 were eligible and divided into groups, according to GCLS morphology, EBV infection, and HP infection. Clinicopathologic characteristics and oncologic outcomes were analyzed retrospectively. Results EBV and HP coinfection was significantly associated with male sex, proximal location, GCLS morphology, and equivocal p53 expression (p<0.001). Multivariate analysis revealed that EBV infection alone (hazard ratio [HR], 0.362; 95% CI, 0.131 to 0.996; p=0.049) and lower third location (HR, 0.624; 95% CI, 0.413 to 0.943; p=0.025) were inversely correlated with overall survival. During median follow-up period of 72 months, overall survival rate was not significantly different between the EBV and HP coinfection group and others (97.6% vs 86.8%; log-rank p=0.144). In non-GCLS patients (n=920), overall survival rate was not significantly different between the EBV infection group and others (96.9% vs 86.4%; log-rank p=0.126). Conclusions EBV and HP coinfection is not an independent prognostic factor for gastric cancer. EBV infection status, regardless of HP infection, affects the clinicopathologic features of all types of gastric cancer. However, it does not lead to a significant difference in overall survival of non-GCLS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Hee Noh
- Departments of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jun Young Shin
- Departments of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong Hoon Lee
- Departments of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea,Corresponding AuthorJeong Hoon Lee, ORCIDhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0778-7585, E-mail
| | - Young Soo Park
- Departments of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea,Young Soo Park, ORCIDhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5389-4245, E-mail
| | - In-Seob Lee
- Departments of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ga Hee Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee Kyong Na
- Departments of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Yong Ahn
- Departments of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kee Wook Jung
- Departments of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Do Hoon Kim
- Departments of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kee Don Choi
- Departments of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ho June Song
- Departments of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gin Hyug Lee
- Departments of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hwoon-Yong Jung
- Departments of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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15
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Zhao L, Li M, Zhang S, Liu Y. Plasma-Methylated SEPT9 for the Noninvasive Diagnosis of Gastric Cancer. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11216399. [PMID: 36362627 PMCID: PMC9656015 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11216399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most prevalent cancers globally. This study was designed to evaluate the potential performance of plasma SEPT9 methylation (mSEPT9) as a noninvasive biomarker for the diagnosis of GC. Methods. A total of 182 participants, i.e., 60 patients with GC, 39 with chronic superficial gastritis (CSG), 27 with chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG), 30 with gastric ulcer (GU), and 26 with gastric polys (GP), were recruited. The mSEPT9 level was measured using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results. As a diagnostic target, mSEPT9 (1/3 algorithm) had a sensitivity of 48.33 (95% confidence interval (CI): 35.40–61.48%) and a specificity of 86.89% (95% CI: 79.28–92.09%), and mSEPT9 (2/3 algorithm) had a sensitivity of 33.33 (95% CI: 22.02–46.79%) and a specificity of 98.36% (95% CI: 93.61–99.72%). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) curve of mSEPT9 was 0.698 (95% CI: 0.609–0.787) for the differentiation of GC from benign gastric diseases. The effectiveness of mSEPT9 (1/3 algorithm) was superior to that of CEA, CA19-9, and CA72-4. mSEPT9 was positively correlated with T, N, M, and the clinical stage of GC. Conclusions. Plasma mSEPT9 might serve as a useful and noninvasive biomarker for the diagnosis of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyao Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin 300121, China
| | - Muran Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin 300121, China
| | - Shiwu Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin 300121, China
| | - Yandi Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin 300121, China
- Correspondence:
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16
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Zheng K, Wang Y, Wang J, Wang C, Chen J. Integrated analysis of Helicobacter pylori-related prognostic gene modification patterns in the tumour microenvironment of gastric cancer. Front Surg 2022; 9:964203. [PMID: 36248367 PMCID: PMC9561901 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2022.964203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection is one of the leading causes of gastric cancer (GC). However, the interaction between HP and the TME, and its carcinogenic mechanism remains unknown. Methods The HP-related prognostic genes were identified based on HP infection-related gene markers and HP infection sample datasets by risk method and NMF algorithm. Principal component analysis (PCA) algorithm was used to constructed the HPscore system. The “limma” R package was employed to determine differentially expressed genes. In addition, the R packages, such as “xCell” and “GSVA”, was used to analyze the relationship between the HPscore and tumor microenvironment. Finally, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was conducted to verify the expression levels of 28 HP-related prognostic genes in tissues. Results We successfully identified 28 HP-related prognostic genes that accurately classified the GC population. There are significant differences in survival between different subgroups (high-, low-risk and cluster_1,2). Thereafter, the HPscore system was constructed to evaluate the signatures of the 28 HP-related prognostic genes. The overall survival rate in the high-HPscore group was poor and immunological surveillance was reduced, whereas the low-HPscore group had a survival advantage and was related to the inflammatory response. HPscore was also strongly correlated with the tumour stage, TME cell infiltration and stemness. The qRT-PCR results showed that DOCK4 expression level of 28 HP-related prognostic genes was higher in gastric cancer tissues than in adjacent tissues. Conclusions HP signatures play a crucial role in the TME and tumourigenesis. HPscore evaluation of a single tumour sample can help identify the TME characteristics and the carcinogenic mechanism of GC patients infected with HP, based on which personalized treatment can be administered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitian Zheng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery for Gastrointestinal Cancer, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Enhanced Recovery After Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center for Artificial Intelligence Analysis of Multimodal Tumor Images, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Ye Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery for Gastrointestinal Cancer, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Enhanced Recovery After Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center for Artificial Intelligence Analysis of Multimodal Tumor Images, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jiancheng Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery for Gastrointestinal Cancer, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Enhanced Recovery After Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center for Artificial Intelligence Analysis of Multimodal Tumor Images, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Congjun Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery for Gastrointestinal Cancer, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Enhanced Recovery After Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center for Artificial Intelligence Analysis of Multimodal Tumor Images, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Junqiang Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery for Gastrointestinal Cancer, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Enhanced Recovery After Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center for Artificial Intelligence Analysis of Multimodal Tumor Images, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Correspondence: Jun-Qiang Chen
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17
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Suzuki Y, Ito S, Nomura K, Matsui A, Kikuchi D, Hoteya S. Multiple Epstein-Barr virus-associated Gastric Cancers Arising in a Patient with Autoimmune Gastritis. Intern Med 2022; 62:1459-1466. [PMID: 36171131 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.0673-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus-associated gastric cancer (EBVaGC) has been reported to be associated with chronic inflammation of the gastric epithelium caused by Helicobacter pylori infection. Autoimmune gastritis (AIG) is also believed to increase the risk of carcinogenesis. We herein report a case of multiple EBVaGCs that arose in a patient with AIG, highlighting the potential for multiplicity of this entity. In this case, a total of four metachronous EBVaGCs were found after initial Endoscopic submucosal dissection for EBVaGC, all of which were treated endoscopically. This case demonstrates that patients with AIG should be monitored closely for development of EBVaGC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yugo Suzuki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Toranomon Hospital, Japan
| | - Shinji Ito
- Department of Pathology, Toranomon Hospital, Japan
| | - Kosuke Nomura
- Department of Gastroenterology, Toranomon Hospital, Japan
| | - Akira Matsui
- Department of Gastroenterology, Toranomon Hospital, Japan
| | | | - Shu Hoteya
- Department of Gastroenterology, Toranomon Hospital, Japan
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18
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DNMT1 Gene Expression in Patients with Helicobacter pylori Infection. ScientificWorldJournal 2022; 2022:2386891. [PMID: 36147796 PMCID: PMC9489387 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2386891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
DNMT1, as a critical enzyme affecting epigenetics through methylation of DNA cytosine-rich sequences, regulates gene expression. Exterior factors including long-term infections, in this study Helicobacter pylori infection, could change host cells' epigenetics by affecting DNMT1 gene expression. This study investigated the statistical correlation between H. pylori virulence genes and DNMT1 gene expression in gastric antral epithelial cells of gastric adenocarcinoma and gastritis patients. In a case-control study, 50 and 53 gastritis and gastric adenocarcinoma antral biopsies, including 23 and 21 patients with H. pylori infection, respectively, were collected from hospitals in the west of Iran. Having extracted total RNA from gastric biopsy samples, cDNA was synthesized and virulence genes of H. pylori were detected by using the PCR method. Relative real-time RT PCR was used to detect ΔΔCt fold changes of the DNMT1 gene expression in divided groups of patients based on H. pylori infection and clinical manifestations. The results showed that along with increasing patients' age, the DNMT1 gene expression will increase in gastric antral epithelial cells of gastric cancer patients (P ≤ 0.05). On the other hand, the biopsy samples with infection of H. pylori cagA, cagY, and cagE genotypes revealed a direct correlation along with increased DNMT1 gene expression. This study revealed the correlations of H. pylori cag pathogenicity island genes with increased DNMT1 gene expression.
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19
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Gong YQ, Lu TL, Hou FT, Chen CW. Antisense long non-coding RNAs in gastric cancer. Clin Chim Acta 2022; 534:128-137. [PMID: 35872031 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2022.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Gastric cancer is a global health problem with high mortality. The incidence of gastric cancer has significant regional differences. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and its interaction with epigenetics are closely related to the occurrence of gastric cancer. It is of great significance to explore the early diagnosis and effective therapeutic targets of gastric cancer. Emerging evidence indicates that antisense long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are closely associated with various biological and functional aspects of gastric cancer. However, diverse antisense lncRNAs in gastric cancer have not been compiled and discussed. In this review, we summarize the predisposing factors and compile the interaction between H. pylori and epigenetics in gastric cancer. Moreover, we focus on the underlying molecular mechanism and regulatory role of each antisense lncRNA in gastric cancer. In addition, we provide a new insight into the potential diagnosis and treatment of antisense lncRNAs in gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Qiang Gong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Tai-Liang Lu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Fu-Tao Hou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chao-Wu Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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20
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Tan SYX, Zhang J, Tee WW. Epigenetic Regulation of Inflammatory Signaling and Inflammation-Induced Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:931493. [PMID: 35757000 PMCID: PMC9213816 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.931493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetics comprise a diverse array of reversible and dynamic modifications to the cell’s genome without implicating any DNA sequence alterations. Both the external environment surrounding the organism, as well as the internal microenvironment of cells and tissues, contribute to these epigenetic processes that play critical roles in cell fate specification and organismal development. On the other hand, dysregulation of epigenetic activities can initiate and sustain carcinogenesis, which is often augmented by inflammation. Chronic inflammation, one of the major hallmarks of cancer, stems from proinflammatory cytokines that are secreted by tumor and tumor-associated cells in the tumor microenvironment. At the same time, inflammatory signaling can establish positive and negative feedback circuits with chromatin to modulate changes in the global epigenetic landscape. In this review, we provide an in-depth discussion of the interconnected crosstalk between epigenetics and inflammation, specifically how epigenetic mechanisms at different hierarchical levels of the genome control inflammatory gene transcription, which in turn enact changes within the cell’s epigenomic profile, especially in the context of inflammation-induced cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn Ying Xuan Tan
- Chromatin Dynamics and Disease Epigenetics Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jieqiong Zhang
- Chromatin Dynamics and Disease Epigenetics Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wee-Wei Tee
- Chromatin Dynamics and Disease Epigenetics Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,NUS Centre for Cancer Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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21
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Zeng Y, Rong H, Xu J, Cao R, Li S, Gao Y, Cheng B, Zhou T. DNA Methylation: An Important Biomarker and Therapeutic Target for Gastric Cancer. Front Genet 2022; 13:823905. [PMID: 35309131 PMCID: PMC8931997 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.823905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is a very common malignancy with a poor prognosis, and its occurrence and development are closely related to epigenetic modifications. Methylation of DNA before or during gastric cancer is an interesting research topic. This article reviews the studies on DNA methylation related to the cause, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of gastric cancer and aims to find cancer biomarkers to solve major human health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunqing Zeng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Huimin Rong
- Department of Reconstructive Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jianwei Xu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ruyue Cao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shuhua Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yanjing Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Baoquan Cheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Tao Zhou
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Tao Zhou,
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22
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Kinases and therapeutics in pathogen mediated gastric cancer. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:2519-2530. [PMID: 35031925 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-07063-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Many pathogens have coexisted with humans for millennia and can cause chronic inflammation which is the cause of gastritis. Gastric cancer (GC) is associated with 8.8% of cancer related deaths, making it one of the leading causes of cancer related deaths worldwide. This review is intended to give brief information about Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) role in GC and associated kinases. These organisms can trigger multiple cellular pathways aiming for unnatural cellular proliferation, apoptosis, migration and inflammatory response. Kinases also can activate and deactivate the signalling leading to aforementioned pathways. Therefore, studying kinases is inevitable. MATERIAL AND METHODS This review is the comprehensive collection of information from different data sources such as journals, book, book chapters and verified online information. CONCLUSION Kinase amplifications could be used as diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive biomarkers in various cancer types. Hence targeting kinase and related signalling molecules could be considered as a potential approach to prevent cancer through these organisms. Here we summarize the brief information about the role of kinases, signalling and their therapeutics in GC concerning H. pylori, EBV and HCMV.
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23
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Manuel Lopes de Sousa H, Patrícia Costa Ribeiro J, Basílio Timóteo M. Epstein-Barr Virus-Associated Gastric Cancer: Old Entity with New Relevance. Infect Dis (Lond) 2021. [DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.93649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) represents a major public health issue worldwide, being the fifth most common cancer and one of the leading causes of death by cancer. In 2014, The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) established that tumors positive for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) are considered a specific subtype of GC (EBVaGC). Several meta-analyses have shown that EBVaGC represents almost 10% of all gastric cancer worldwide, with small differences in the geographic distribution. This tumor subtype has a high potential of being clinically relevant and studies have shown that it has specific features, a better prognosis, and increased overall survival. In this review, we summarize some of the most frequent aspects of EBVaGC, including the specific features of this GC subtype, data regarding the potential steps of EBVaGC carcinogenesis, and perspectives on treatment opportunities.
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24
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Das D, Karthik N, Taneja R. Crosstalk Between Inflammatory Signaling and Methylation in Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:756458. [PMID: 34901003 PMCID: PMC8652226 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.756458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is an intricate immune response against infection and tissue damage. While the initial immune response is important for preventing tumorigenesis, chronic inflammation is implicated in cancer pathogenesis. It has been linked to various stages of tumor development including transformation, proliferation, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Immune cells, through the production of inflammatory mediators such as cytokines, chemokines, transforming growth factors, and adhesion molecules contribute to the survival, growth, and progression of the tumor in its microenvironment. The aberrant expression and secretion of pro-inflammatory and growth factors by the tumor cells result in the recruitment of immune cells, thus creating a mutual crosstalk. The reciprocal signaling between the tumor cells and the immune cells creates and maintains a successful tumor niche. Many inflammatory factors are regulated by epigenetic mechanisms including DNA methylation and histone modifications. In particular, DNA and histone methylation are crucial forms of transcriptional regulation and aberrant methylation has been associated with deregulated gene expression in oncogenesis. Such deregulations have been reported in both solid tumors and hematological malignancies. With technological advancements to study genome-wide epigenetic landscapes, it is now possible to identify molecular mechanisms underlying altered inflammatory profiles in cancer. In this review, we discuss the role of DNA and histone methylation in regulation of inflammatory pathways in human cancers and review the merits and challenges of targeting inflammatory mediators as well as epigenetic regulators in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipanwita Das
- Department of Physiology, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nandini Karthik
- Department of Physiology, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Reshma Taneja
- Department of Physiology, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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25
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Arumugam T, Ramphal U, Adimulam T, Chinniah R, Ramsuran V. Deciphering DNA Methylation in HIV Infection. Front Immunol 2021; 12:795121. [PMID: 34925380 PMCID: PMC8674454 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.795121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
With approximately 38 million people living with HIV/AIDS globally, and a further 1.5 million new global infections per year, it is imperative that we advance our understanding of all factors contributing to HIV infection. While most studies have focused on the influence of host genetic factors on HIV pathogenesis, epigenetic factors are gaining attention. Epigenetics involves alterations in gene expression without altering the DNA sequence. DNA methylation is a critical epigenetic mechanism that influences both viral and host factors. This review has five focal points, which examines (i) fluctuations in the expression of methylation modifying factors upon HIV infection (ii) the effect of DNA methylation on HIV viral genes and (iii) host genome (iv) inferences from other infectious and non-communicable diseases, we provide a list of HIV-associated host genes that are regulated by methylation in other disease models (v) the potential of DNA methylation as an epi-therapeutic strategy and biomarker. DNA methylation has also been shown to serve as a robust therapeutic strategy and precision medicine biomarker against diseases such as cancer and autoimmune conditions. Despite new drugs being discovered for HIV, drug resistance is a problem in high disease burden settings such as Sub-Saharan Africa. Furthermore, genetic therapies that are under investigation are irreversible and may have off target effects. Alternative therapies that are nongenetic are essential. In this review, we discuss the potential role of DNA methylation as a novel therapeutic intervention against HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thilona Arumugam
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Upasana Ramphal
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP), School of Laboratory Medicine & Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Theolan Adimulam
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Romona Chinniah
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Veron Ramsuran
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP), School of Laboratory Medicine & Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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26
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Usui G, Matsusaka K, Mano Y, Urabe M, Funata S, Fukayama M, Ushiku T, Kaneda A. DNA Methylation and Genetic Aberrations in Gastric Cancer. Digestion 2021; 102:25-32. [PMID: 33070127 DOI: 10.1159/000511243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. GC is a pathologically and molecularly heterogeneous disease. DNA hypermethylation in promoter CpG islands causes silencing of tumor-suppressor genes and thus contributes to gastric carcinogenesis. In addition, various molecular aberrations, including aberrant chromatin structures, gene mutations, structural variants, and somatic copy number alterations, are involved in gastric carcinogenesis. SUMMARY Comprehensive DNA methylation analyses revealed multiple DNA methylation patterns in GCs and classified GC into distinct molecular subgroups: extremely high-methylation epigenotype uniquely observed in GC associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), high-methylation epigenotype associated with microsatellite instability (MSI), and low-methylation epigenotype. In The Cancer Genome Atlas classification, EBV and MSI are extracted as independent subgroups of GC, whereas the remaining GCs are categorized into genomically stable (GS) and chromosomal instability (CIN) subgroups. EBV-positive GC, exhibiting the most extreme DNA hypermethylation in the whole human malignancies, frequently shows CDKN2A silencing, PIK3CA mutations, PD-L1/2 overexpression, and lack of TP53 mutations. MSI, exhibiting high DNA methylation, often has MLH1 silencing and abundant gene mutations. GS is generally a diffuse-type GC and frequently shows CDH1/RHOA mutations or CLDN18-ARHGAP fusion. CIN is generally an intestinal-type GC and frequently has TP53 mutations and genomic amplification of receptor tyrosine kinases. Key Messages: The frequency and targets of genetic aberrations vary depending on the epigenotype. Aberrations in the genome and epigenome are expected to synergistically interact and contribute to gastric carcinogenesis and comprehensive analyses of those in GCs may help elucidate the mechanism of carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genki Usui
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.,Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keisuke Matsusaka
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.,Department of Pathology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yasunobu Mano
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masayuki Urabe
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.,Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sayaka Funata
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masashi Fukayama
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Ushiku
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kaneda
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan,
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27
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Kase K, Saito M, Nakajima S, Takayanagi D, Saito K, Yamada L, Ashizawa M, Nakano H, Hanayama H, Onozawa H, Okayama H, Endo H, Fujita S, Sakamoto W, Saze Z, Momma T, Mimura K, Ohki S, Shiraishi K, Kohno T, Kono K. ARID1A deficiency in EBV-positive gastric cancer is partially regulated by EBV-encoded miRNAs, but not by DNA promotor hypermethylation. Carcinogenesis 2021; 42:21-30. [PMID: 33196828 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgaa123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AT-rich interactive domain 1A (ARID1A), which is a tumor suppressor gene, is frequently mutated in Epstein-Barr virus-positive gastric cancer [EBV (+) GC]. While most ARID1A mutations in GC are truncating mutations, leading to loss of ARID1A protein expression, epigenetic modifications appear to contribute to ARID1A deficiency in EBV (+) GC harboring wild-type ARID1A. Based on the significant role of epigenetic modifications in EBV (+) GC that contributes to ARID1A deficiency, the methylation status of ARID1A was evaluated in EBV-infected cells and GC patients using a publicly available microarray and the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. EBV-encoded miRNAs that potentially target ARID1A were identified as an additional epigenetic modulator by computational prediction. In vitro experiments were conducted to evaluate how EBV-encoded miRNAs affected ARID1A mRNA and protein levels. In clinical GC samples, the expression of predicted miRNAs and ARID1A and the mutation status of ARID1A was evaluated. As results, ARID1A was not hypermethylated in EBV (+) GC samples or EBV-infected GC cells. EBV infection did not alter ARID1A mRNA levels, suggesting that ARID1A protein deficiency was caused by post-transcriptional gene silencing in ARID1A-WT EBV (+) GC. Overexpression of miR-BART11-3p and miR-BART12, which were identified as miRNAs that potentially bind ARID1A, suppressed ARID1A protein expression in MKN7 and NCI-N87 cells. Highly expressed miR-BART11-3p and miR-BART12 were correlated with decreased ARID1A levels in GC tumors which did not harbor ARID1A mutations. The present findings revealed that ARID1A expression was epigenetically regulated by miR-BART11-3p and miR-BART12 in EBV (+) GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Kase
- Department of Gastrointestinal Tract Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Motonobu Saito
- Department of Gastrointestinal Tract Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Shotaro Nakajima
- Department of Gastrointestinal Tract Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan.,Department of Medical Electrophysiology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Daisuke Takayanagi
- Divisioin of Genome Biology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsuharu Saito
- Department of Gastrointestinal Tract Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Leo Yamada
- Department of Gastrointestinal Tract Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Mai Ashizawa
- Department of Gastrointestinal Tract Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nakano
- Department of Gastrointestinal Tract Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Hanayama
- Department of Gastrointestinal Tract Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hisashi Onozawa
- Department of Gastrointestinal Tract Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Okayama
- Department of Gastrointestinal Tract Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hisahito Endo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Tract Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Shotaro Fujita
- Department of Gastrointestinal Tract Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Wataru Sakamoto
- Department of Gastrointestinal Tract Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Zenichiro Saze
- Department of Gastrointestinal Tract Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Momma
- Department of Gastrointestinal Tract Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Kosaku Mimura
- Department of Gastrointestinal Tract Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan.,Department of Blood Transfusion and Transplantation Immunology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Shinji Ohki
- Department of Gastrointestinal Tract Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Kouya Shiraishi
- Divisioin of Genome Biology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Kohno
- Divisioin of Genome Biology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Kono
- Department of Gastrointestinal Tract Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
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28
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Hori T, Yamamoto H, Harada H, Yamamoto M, Yamada M, Yazawa T, Sasaki B, Tani M, Sato A, Katsura H, Kamada Y, Tani R, Aoyama R, Sasaki Y, Shintaku M, Iwasa Y, Zaima M. Multiple Gastric Carcinomas Associated with Epstein-Barr Virus and Helicobacter pylori: A Thought-Provoking Case. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CASE REPORTS 2021; 22:e931668. [PMID: 34158469 PMCID: PMC8237700 DOI: 10.12659/ajcr.931668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and Helicobacter pylori (HP) infections are associated with gastric carcinoma (GC). We present a thought-provoking case of multiple GCs associated with EBV and HP infections. CASE REPORT HP infection was incidentally detected in an asymptomatic 60-year-old man. Upper endoscopy revealed gastric "kissing" ulcers. The lesions were located in the body of the stomach and measured 25 and 27 mm, respectively. They were diagnosed on pathology as moderately differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma. Imaging revealed no enlarged lymph nodes or distant metastatic lesions. Distal gastrectomy with lymphadenectomy was performed and surgical cure was obtained. The multiple GCs were categorized on pathology as infß ly0 v0 pT1b(SM)UL1N0M0H0P0CY0 pStage IA according to the Japanese classification and as T1bN0M0 Stage IA according to the tumor, node, metastasis classification. Pathological examination revealed remarkable lymphocytic infiltration into the stroma, as shown by in situ hybridization of EBV. These lymphocytic infiltrations were observed only at the sites of GC. In the immunohistochemical examination, in situ hybridization of EBV was positive for EBV-encoded small ribonucleic acid. The patient's postoperative course was uneventful. Hence, an unexpected relationship between EBV infection and multiple GCs was suggested by pathology. Quantitative determination of EBV DNA in peripheral blood was normal postoperatively. Adjuvant chemotherapy was not recommended. HP eradication therapy was successful. The patient remained asymptomatic and developed no recurrence or metastasis for 3 years after surgery. CONCLUSIONS This thought-provoking case suggests that coinfection with EBV and HP increases GC occurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohide Hori
- Department of Surgery, Shiga General Hospital, Moriyama, Shiga, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Yamamoto
- Department of Surgery, Shiga General Hospital, Moriyama, Shiga, Japan
| | - Hideki Harada
- Department of Surgery, Shiga General Hospital, Moriyama, Shiga, Japan
| | | | - Masahiro Yamada
- Department of Surgery, Shiga General Hospital, Moriyama, Shiga, Japan
| | - Takefumi Yazawa
- Department of Surgery, Shiga General Hospital, Moriyama, Shiga, Japan
| | - Ben Sasaki
- Department of Surgery, Shiga General Hospital, Moriyama, Shiga, Japan
| | - Masaki Tani
- Department of Surgery, Shiga General Hospital, Moriyama, Shiga, Japan
| | - Asahi Sato
- Department of Surgery, Shiga General Hospital, Moriyama, Shiga, Japan
| | - Hikotaro Katsura
- Department of Surgery, Shiga General Hospital, Moriyama, Shiga, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Kamada
- Department of Surgery, Shiga General Hospital, Moriyama, Shiga, Japan
| | - Ryotaro Tani
- Department of Surgery, Shiga General Hospital, Moriyama, Shiga, Japan
| | - Ryuhei Aoyama
- Department of Surgery, Shiga General Hospital, Moriyama, Shiga, Japan
| | - Yudai Sasaki
- Department of Surgery, Shiga General Hospital, Moriyama, Shiga, Japan
| | - Masayuki Shintaku
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Shiga General Hospital, Moriyama, Shiga, Japan
| | - Yoko Iwasa
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Shiga General Hospital, Moriyama, Shiga, Japan
| | - Masazumi Zaima
- Department of Surgery, Shiga General Hospital, Moriyama, Shiga, Japan
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29
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Alruwaii ZI, Montgomery EA. Select Epstein-Barr Virus-Associated Digestive Tract Lesions for the Practicing Pathologist. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2021; 145:562-570. [PMID: 32320275 DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2019-0703-ra] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT.— Epstein-Barr virus is a ubiquitous oncogenic virus. During the past 5 decades, the virus has been linked to several disease entities, both neoplastic and nonneoplastic. Several Epstein-Barr virus-associated conditions affect the digestive organs, ranging from mild transient inflammatory conditions to more debilitating and even fatal diseases. OBJECTIVE.— To discuss the clinicopathologic aspects of some newly or recently recognized Epstein-Barr virus-related conditions encountered in the digestive system and their therapeutic implications. DATA SOURCES.— Published peer-reviewed literature was reviewed. CONCLUSIONS.— This article highlights the importance of recognizing the discussed lesions because they influence the direct clinical management or serve as a potential predictive marker for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zainab I Alruwaii
- From the Department of Pathology, Regional Laboratory and Blood Bank, Eastern Province, Dammam, Saudi Arabia (Alruwaii)
| | - Elizabeth A Montgomery
- and the Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland (Montgomery)
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30
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Molecular alterations in gastric cancer and the surrounding intestinal metaplastic mucosa: an analysis of isolated glands. Gastric Cancer 2021; 24:382-391. [PMID: 33141339 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-020-01130-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intestinal metaplasias (IMs) are generally regarded as pre-neoplastic gastric lesions. However, molecular alterations including genetic and epigenetic changes occurring in individual IM glands are not well defined. AIMS We sought to identify DNA methylation status, microsatellite instability (MSI) and allelic imbalance (AI) occurring in individual IM glands and non-IM glands within the same mucosa. METHODS We divided examined isolated gland obtained from GC into 4 components: isolated cancer, antral isolated intestinal metaplastic tissue, antral isolated non-metaplastic gland and isolated non-metaplastic gland derived from the greater curvature of the most distant gastric body without mucosal atrophy. We examined AI and microsatellite instability statuses using PCR-based microsatellite analysis. Next, the DNA methylation status (high methylation epigenome [HME], intermediate methylation epigenome [IME], and low methylation epigenome [LME]) was investigated. DNA methylation analysis of CDKN2A, mir34-b/c and MLHI genes was also performed. RESULTS Although antral isolated IM glands were characterized by IME, isolated non-IM glands showed LME. In isolated cancer glands, HME was frequently found, compared with isolated non-IM glands. DNA methylation of mir34-b/c was common in isolated cancer and IM glands, whereas DNA methylation of CDKN2A was a rare event in isolated samples. The MLH1 gene was not methylated in isolated non-IM glands. Although multiple AIs were frequently found in isolated cancer glands, a few AIs were detected in isolated IM glands. CONCLUSIONS We suggest that the DNA methylation status and the status of the mir34-b/c gene among isolated samples of IMs and isolated non-IM glands have an impact on IM development.
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31
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Dávila-Collado R, Jarquín-Durán O, Dong LT, Espinoza JL. Epstein-Barr Virus and Helicobacter Pylori Co-Infection in Non-Malignant Gastroduodenal Disorders. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9020104. [PMID: 32041355 PMCID: PMC7168260 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9020104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) and Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) are two pathogens associated with the development of various human cancers. The coexistence of both microorganisms in gastric cancer specimens has been increasingly reported, suggesting that crosstalk of both pathogens may be implicated in the carcinogenesis process. Considering that chronic inflammation is an initial step in the development of several cancers, including gastric cancer, we conducted a systematic review to comprehensively evaluate publications in which EBV and H. pylori co-infection has been documented in patients with non-malignant gastroduodenal disorders (NMGDs), including gastritis, peptic ulcer disease (PUD), and dyspepsia. We searched the PubMed database up to August 2019, as well as publication references and, among the nine studies that met the inclusion criteria, we identified six studies assessing EBV infection directly in gastric tissues (total 949 patients) and three studies in which EBV infection status was determined by serological methods (total 662 patients). Due to the substantial methodological and clinical heterogeneity among studies identified, we could not conduct a meta-analysis. The overall prevalence of EBV + H. pylori co-infection in NMGDs was 34% (range 1.8% to 60%). A higher co-infection rate (EBV + H. pylori) was reported in studies in which EBV was documented by serological methods in comparison with studies in which EBV infection was directly assessed in gastric specimens. The majority of these studies were conducted in Latin-America and India, with most of them comparing NMGDs with gastric cancer, but there were no studies comparing the co-infection rate in NMGDs with that in asymptomatic individuals. In comparison with gastritis caused by only one of these pathogens, EBV + H. pylori co-infection was associated with increased severity of gastric inflammation. In conclusion, only relatively small studies testing EBV and H. pylori co-infection in NMGDs have been published to date and the variable report results are likely influenced by geographic factors and detection methods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Le Thanh Dong
- Faculty of Medical Technology, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi 116001, Vietnam
| | - J. Luis Espinoza
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kodatsuno 5-11-80, Kanazawa 920-0942, Ishikawa, Japan
- Correspondence:
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32
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Yasuda Y, Tokunaga K, Koga T, Sakamoto C, Goldberg IG, Saitoh N, Nakao M. Computational analysis of morphological and molecular features in gastric cancer tissues. Cancer Med 2020; 9:2223-2234. [PMID: 32012497 PMCID: PMC7064096 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Biological morphologies of cells and tissues represent their physiological and pathological conditions. The importance of quantitative assessment of morphological information has been highly recognized in clinical diagnosis and therapeutic strategies. In this study, we used a supervised machine learning algorithm wndchrm to classify hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)‐stained images of human gastric cancer tissues. This analysis distinguished between noncancer and cancer tissues with different histological grades. We then classified the H&E‐stained images by expression levels of cancer‐associated nuclear ATF7IP/MCAF1 and membranous PD‐L1 proteins using immunohistochemistry of serial sections. Interestingly, classes with low and high expressions of each protein exhibited significant morphological dissimilarity in H&E images. These results indicated that morphological features in cancer tissues are correlated with expression of specific cancer‐associated proteins, suggesting the usefulness of biomolecular‐based morphological classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Yasuda
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.,Department of Health Science, Faculty of Medical Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Tokunaga
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Koga
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Chiyomi Sakamoto
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Ilya G Goldberg
- Image Informatics and Computational Biology Unit, Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Mitsuyoshi Nakao
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
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33
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Nishikawa J, Shuto T, Yanagi A, Takagi T, Ogawa R, Sasaki S, Goto A, Hamabe K, Hashimoto S, Okamoto T, Sakaida I. Epstein-Barr virus-associated gastric carcinomas developed after successful eradication of Helicobacter pylori. Clin J Gastroenterol 2020; 13:506-511. [PMID: 31970662 DOI: 10.1007/s12328-020-01094-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus-associated gastric carcinoma (EBVaGC) can develop in gastric mucosa affected by Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)-induced atrophic gastritis. However, it is unclear whether EBVaGC can develop in gastric mucosa after successful eradication of H. pylori. We report 3 cases of EBVaGC discovered more than 5 years after successful eradication of H. pylori. All 3 cases are men with a history of smoking. The periods from successful eradication to development of EBVaGC were 18, 8, and 9 years, respectively. Their tumors were mainly depressed lesions located in the gastric corpus. Two patients had intramucosal cancer and the other had advanced gastric cancer. Mucosal atrophy was present in the background gastric mucosa of all of three, and the anti-H. pylori antibody titer in each patient had fallen to < 3 U/mL. These cases indicate that EBVaGC can occur after successful eradication of H. pylori.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Nishikawa
- Faculty of Laboratory Science, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan.
| | - Takuya Shuto
- Faculty of Laboratory Science, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Ayaka Yanagi
- Faculty of Laboratory Science, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Takagi
- Faculty of Laboratory Science, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Ryo Ogawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Sho Sasaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Atsushi Goto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Kouichi Hamabe
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Shinichi Hashimoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Takeshi Okamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Isao Sakaida
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
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Ribeiro J, Malta M, Galaghar A, Afonso LP, Libânio D, Medeiros R, Dinis-Ribeiro M, Pimentel-Nunes P, Sousa H. Epstein-Barr virus is absent in gastric superficial neoplastic lesions. Virchows Arch 2019; 475:757-762. [PMID: 31673776 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-019-02670-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) has been associated with about 9% of all gastric carcinomas, but its role in gastric carcinogenesis remains unclear since there is lack of evidence of EBV presence in pre-neoplastic lesions of gastric mucosa. This study intends to determine the prevalence of EBV in gastric dysplasia and superficial neoplasia to clarify whether EBV infection is an early or late event in gastric cancer development. This retrospective study included a total of 242 gastric lesions from 199 consecutive patients who were referred for endoscopic resection. The histological classification of lesions includes 137 low- and high-grade dysplasia and 105 superficial carcinomas. EBV infection was investigated by EBER-ISH. Results showed that EBV was not detected in any epithelial cells of any case with dysplasia or superficial carcinomas, although we observed the presence of a small number of EBV-infected lymphocytes in 2.1% of all lesions. These results showed that EBV is not present in gastric dysplasia neither in superficial carcinomas suggesting that EBV carcinogenesis is a late event in well/moderately differentiated gastric carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Ribeiro
- Molecular Oncology & Viral Pathology Group (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal. .,Faculty of Medicine of Porto University, FMUP, Rua Al. Prof Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Mariana Malta
- Molecular Oncology & Viral Pathology Group (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal.,Research Department, Portuguese League Against Cancer (Liga Portuguesa Contra o Cancro-Núcleo Regional do Norte), Estrada interior da Circunvalação 6657, 4200-172, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Galaghar
- Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal
| | - Luís Pedro Afonso
- Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal
| | - Diogo Libânio
- Gastroenterology Department, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal.,CINTESIS - Center for Health Technology and Services Research (Centro de Investigação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Medeiros
- Molecular Oncology & Viral Pathology Group (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal.,Research Department, Portuguese League Against Cancer (Liga Portuguesa Contra o Cancro-Núcleo Regional do Norte), Estrada interior da Circunvalação 6657, 4200-172, Porto, Portugal.,Virology Service, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal
| | - Mario Dinis-Ribeiro
- Gastroenterology Department, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal.,CINTESIS - Center for Health Technology and Services Research (Centro de Investigação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro Pimentel-Nunes
- Gastroenterology Department, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal.,CINTESIS - Center for Health Technology and Services Research (Centro de Investigação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Hugo Sousa
- Molecular Oncology & Viral Pathology Group (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal. .,Faculty of Medicine of Porto University, FMUP, Rua Al. Prof Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal. .,Virology Service, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal. .,Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal. .,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
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Zhu Y, Liu L, Hu L, Dong W, Zhang M, Liu Y, Li P. Effect of Celastrus orbiculatus in inhibiting Helicobacter pylori induced inflammatory response by regulating epithelial mesenchymal transition and targeting miR-21/PDCD4 signaling pathway in gastric epithelial cells. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 19:91. [PMID: 31035975 PMCID: PMC6489279 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-019-2504-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The extract of Celastrus orbiculatus (COE) have been studied for anti-Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) activity and anti-cancer effects in vitro and in vivo. However, the molecular mechanism by which COE inhibits H. pylori-induced inflammatory response has not been fully elucidated so far. METHODS The effects of COE on viability, morphological changes, inflammatory cytokine secretion, protein and mRNA expression were analyzed by MTT assay, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), immunofluorescence, western blot and real-time PCR (RT-PCR), respectively. The methylation level of programmed cell death 4 (PDCD4) promoter was investigated by methylation-specific PCR. (MSP) . RESULTS COE effectively inhibited the H.pylori-induced inflammatory response by regulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). The methylation level of PDCD4 promoter was suppressed by COE, which increased the expression ofPDCD4. Moreover, COE could inhibit microRNA-21 (miR-21) expression, as shown by an enhancement of its target gene PDCD4. Furthermore, both miR-21 over-expression and PDCD4 silencing attenuated the anti-inflammatory effect. of COE. CONCLUSIONS COE inhibits H. pylori induced inflammatory response through regulating EMT, correlating with inhibition of miR-21/PDCD4 signal pathways in gastric epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaodong Zhu
- Chinese Integrative Medicine Oncology Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical University of Anhui, Hefei, 230000 Anhui China
| | - Lei Liu
- General Surgery Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical University of Anhui, Hefei, 230000 Anhui China
| | - Lei Hu
- Emergency Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical University of Anhui, Hefei, 230000 Anhui China
| | - Wenqing Dong
- Chinese Integrative Medicine Oncology Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical University of Anhui, Hefei, 230000 Anhui China
| | - Mei Zhang
- Chinese Integrative Medicine Oncology Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical University of Anhui, Hefei, 230000 Anhui China
| | - Yanqing Liu
- Institute of Combining Chinese Traditional and Western Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009 Jiangsu China
| | - Ping Li
- Chinese Integrative Medicine Oncology Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical University of Anhui, Hefei, 230000 Anhui China
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36
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Early Pattern of Epstein-Barr Virus Infection in Gastric Epithelial Cells by "Cell-in-cell". Virol Sin 2019; 34:253-261. [PMID: 30911896 DOI: 10.1007/s12250-019-00097-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is an important human dsDNA virus, which has been shown to be associated with several malignancies including about 10% of gastric carcinomas. How EBV enters an epithelial cell has been an interesting project for investigation. "Cell-in-cell" infection was recently reported an efficient way for the entry of EBV into nasopharynx epithelial cells. The present approach was to explore the feasibility of this mode for EBV infection in gastric epithelial cells and the dynamic change of host inflammatory reaction. The EBV-positive lymphoblastic cells of Akata containing a GFP tag in the viral genome were co-cultured with the gastric epithelial cells (GES-1). The infection situation was observed under fluorescence and electron microscopies. Real-time quantitative PCR and Western-blotting assay were employed to detect the expression of a few specific cytokines and inflammatory factors. The results demonstrated that EBV could get into gastric epithelial cells by "cell-in-cell" infection but not fully successful due to the host fighting. IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8 played prominent roles in the cellular response to the infection. The activation of NF-κB and HSP70 was also required for the host antiviral response. The results imply that the gastric epithelial cells could powerfully resist the virus invader via cell-in-cell at the early stage through inflammatory and innate immune responses.
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37
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Hatakeyama M. Malignant Helicobacter pylori-Associated Diseases: Gastric Cancer and MALT Lymphoma. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1149:135-149. [DOI: 10.1007/5584_2019_363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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38
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Yang W, Han Y, Zhao X, Duan L, Zhou W, Wang X, Shi G, Che Y, Zhang Y, Liu J, Zhang H, Zhao Q, Hong L, Fan D. Advances in prognostic biomarkers for esophageal cancer. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2018; 19:109-119. [PMID: 30582379 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2019.1563485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wanli Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yu Han
- Department of Otolaryngology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xinhui Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Lili Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xiaoqian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Gaokai Shi
- The First Brigade of Student, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yinggang Che
- The First Brigade of Student, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yujie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jinqiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Hongwei Zhang
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Qingchuan Zhao
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Liu Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Daiming Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
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39
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Stanland LJ, Luftig MA. Molecular features and translational outlook for Epstein-Barr virus-associated gastric cancer. Future Virol 2018; 13:803-818. [PMID: 34367314 PMCID: PMC8345226 DOI: 10.2217/fvl-2018-0071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) was the first discovered human tumor virus and is the etiological agent of B cell lymphomas and also epithelial cancers. Indeed, nearly 10% of gastric cancers worldwide are EBV-positive and display unique molecular, epigenetic, and clinicopathological features. EBV-positive gastric cancers display the highest rate of host genome methylation of all tumor types studied and harbor recurrent mutations activating PI3Kα, silencing ARID1A, and amplifying PD-L1. While EBV infection of B cells can be studied efficiently, de novo epithelial cell infection is much more difficult. We propose that new culture models including 3D-based gastric organoids and xenografts can bring new insight into EBV-induced gastric carcinogenesis and will lead to improved precision medicine-based therapies for patients with EBV-positive gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyla J. Stanland
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Center for Virology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Micah A. Luftig
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Center for Virology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
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40
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Abstract
Infection and inflammation account for approximately 25% of cancer-causing factors. Inflammation-related cancers are characterized by mutagenic DNA lesions, such as 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG) and 8-nitroguanine. Our previous studies demonstrated the formation of 8-oxodG and 8-nitroguanine in the tissues of cancer and precancerous lesions due to infection (e.g., Opisthorchis viverrini-related cholangiocarcinoma, Schistosoma haematobium-associated bladder cancer, Helicobacter pylori-infected gastric cancer, human papillomavirus-related cervical cancer, Epstein-Barr virus-infected nasopharyngeal carcinoma) and pro-inflammatory factors (e.g., asbestos, nanomaterials, and inflammatory diseases such as Barrett's esophagus and oral leukoplakia). Interestingly, several of our studies suggested that inflammation-associated DNA damage in cancer stem-like cells leads to cancer development with aggressive clinical features. Reactive oxygen/nitrogen species from inflammation damage not only DNA but also other biomacromolecules, such as proteins and lipids, resulting in their dysfunction. We identified oxidatively damaged proteins in cancer tissues by 2D Oxyblot followed by MALDI-TOF/TOF. As an example, oxidatively damaged transferrin released iron ion, which may mediate Fenton reactions and generate additional reactive oxygen species. Dysfunction of anti-oxidative proteins due to this damage might increase oxidative stress. Such damage in biomacromolecules may form a vicious cycle of oxidative stress, leading to cancer development. Epigenetic alterations such as DNA methylation and microRNA dysregulation play vital roles in carcinogenesis, especially in inflammation-related cancers. We examined epigenetic alterations, DNA methylation and microRNA dysregulation, in Epstein-Barr virus-related nasopharyngeal carcinoma in the endemic area of Southern China and found several differentially methylated tumor suppressor gene candidates by using a next-generation sequencer. Among these candidates, we revealed higher methylation rates of RAS-like estrogen-regulated growth inhibitor (RERG) in biopsy specimens of nasopharyngeal carcinoma more conveniently by using restriction enzyme-based real-time PCR. This result may help to improve cancer screening strategies. We profiled microRNAs of nasopharyngeal carcinoma tissues using microarrays. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis confirmed the concordant downregulation of miR-497 in cancer tissues and plasma, suggesting that plasma miR-497 could be used as a diagnostic biomarker for nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Chronic inflammation promotes genetic and epigenetic aberrations, with various pathogeneses. These changes may be useful biomarkers in liquid biopsy for early detection and prevention of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariko Murata
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan.
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41
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Abstract
Infection and inflammation account for approximately 25% of cancer-causing factors. Inflammation-related cancers are characterized by mutagenic DNA lesions, such as 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG) and 8-nitroguanine. Our previous studies demonstrated the formation of 8-oxodG and 8-nitroguanine in the tissues of cancer and precancerous lesions due to infection (e.g., Opisthorchis viverrini-related cholangiocarcinoma, Schistosoma haematobium-associated bladder cancer, Helicobacter pylori-infected gastric cancer, human papillomavirus-related cervical cancer, Epstein-Barr virus-infected nasopharyngeal carcinoma) and pro-inflammatory factors (e.g., asbestos, nanomaterials, and inflammatory diseases such as Barrett's esophagus and oral leukoplakia). Interestingly, several of our studies suggested that inflammation-associated DNA damage in cancer stem-like cells leads to cancer development with aggressive clinical features. Reactive oxygen/nitrogen species from inflammation damage not only DNA but also other biomacromolecules, such as proteins and lipids, resulting in their dysfunction. We identified oxidatively damaged proteins in cancer tissues by 2D Oxyblot followed by MALDI-TOF/TOF. As an example, oxidatively damaged transferrin released iron ion, which may mediate Fenton reactions and generate additional reactive oxygen species. Dysfunction of anti-oxidative proteins due to this damage might increase oxidative stress. Such damage in biomacromolecules may form a vicious cycle of oxidative stress, leading to cancer development. Epigenetic alterations such as DNA methylation and microRNA dysregulation play vital roles in carcinogenesis, especially in inflammation-related cancers. We examined epigenetic alterations, DNA methylation and microRNA dysregulation, in Epstein-Barr virus-related nasopharyngeal carcinoma in the endemic area of Southern China and found several differentially methylated tumor suppressor gene candidates by using a next-generation sequencer. Among these candidates, we revealed higher methylation rates of RAS-like estrogen-regulated growth inhibitor (RERG) in biopsy specimens of nasopharyngeal carcinoma more conveniently by using restriction enzyme-based real-time PCR. This result may help to improve cancer screening strategies. We profiled microRNAs of nasopharyngeal carcinoma tissues using microarrays. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis confirmed the concordant downregulation of miR-497 in cancer tissues and plasma, suggesting that plasma miR-497 could be used as a diagnostic biomarker for nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Chronic inflammation promotes genetic and epigenetic aberrations, with various pathogeneses. These changes may be useful biomarkers in liquid biopsy for early detection and prevention of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariko Murata
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan.
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42
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Fattahi S, Kosari‐Monfared M, Ghadami E, Golpour M, Khodadadi P, Ghasemiyan M, Akhavan‐Niaki H. Infection‐associated epigenetic alterations in gastric cancer: New insight in cancer therapy. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:9261-9270. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sadegh Fattahi
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences Babol Iran
- North Research Center, Pasteur Institute Amol Iran
| | | | - Elham Ghadami
- Department of Genetics Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences Babol Iran
| | - Monireh Golpour
- Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Science Sari Iran
| | - Parastoo Khodadadi
- Department of Genetics Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences Babol Iran
| | - Mohammad Ghasemiyan
- Department of Genetics Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences Babol Iran
| | - Haleh Akhavan‐Niaki
- Department of Genetics Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences Babol Iran
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Omura Y, Lu D, Duvvi H, Nihrane A, Shimotsuura Y, Ohki M. Human Papilloma Virus-Type 16 (HPV-16) & Human Herpes Virus-Type 8 (HHV-8) infections were found to be co-existing major cancer-contributing factors. Individualized, safe, effective treatment of hopelessly advanced cancer patients with metastasis by combining 4 methods of effective
treatment: 1) Optimal dose of Vitamin D 3 using its 10 unique beneficial effects, 2) Selective Drug Uptake Enhancement Method, 3) Stimulation of newly discovered Thymus gland representation areas on the back of each hand, & 4) Identification & removal of co-existing cancer-contributing
factors. ACUPUNCTURE ELECTRO 2018. [DOI: 10.3727/036012918x15353852193140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Previous study indicated Human Papilloma Virus-Type 16 (HPV-16) has important role in genesis of ovarian cancer, uterus cancer, & breast cancer. Omura, Y. noticed HPV-16 virus co-exists with single-cell parasite Toxoplasma Gondii (T.G.) infection in most of the cancer tissues he
examined. Therefore, he thought some unknown virus must exist in the T.G. In early 2018, he found there is strong Human Herpes Virus-Type 8 (HHV-8) infection in every cell of Toxoplasma Gondii he examined. Thus, we found in every cancer cells there are co-existing cancer-promoting factors
of HPV-16 & HHV-8 infection associated with Toxoplasma Gondii. As a common source of these infections in human cancer patients, we found most egg yolk has co-existing HPV-16, HHV-8 & Toxoplasma Gondii, but egg whites are free of these infections & can be eaten safely as protein
supply. Many cats and dogs also have these infections. As most important, safe treatment of cancer, we found repeated optimal dose of Vitamin D3 with optimal interval of about 8 hours is ideal because of 10 unique, beneficial effects discovered by him. Individually determined one
optimal dose of Vitamin D3 has most effective anti-cancer effects in hopeless, advanced, cancer patients by reducing extremely high Integrin α5β1 of over 1500ng to normal value of 0.002∼0.004ng and 8-OH-dG (proportional to DNA mutation which
is required for cancer growth) of over 60∼80ng to normal value of 0.1∼0.25ng for average 8 hours and 6000∼9000ng of strong pathogenic infection of HPV-16 & HHV-8 in cancer tissue reduced to safe range of less than 500ng by markedly increased urinary excretion. Concerning beneficial
effect of optimal dose of Vitamin D3, all the previous studies failed to use individualized optimal dose. As a result, they could not properly evaluate beneficial effects & side effects and many reports claimed there were no significant beneficial effects including anti-cancer
effects. Although optimal dose of Vitamin D3 can eliminate these viral infections very significantly but not less than 500∼300ng. Cancer incidence is only significant when these viruses are above 6000ng inside the body. Thus, we can keep potentially serious patients with strong
cancer-contributing virus infections at relatively safe low degree of infection of much less than 3000ng. Our ideal treatment for advanced cancer patients is a combination of 1) Individually determined Optimal dose of Vitamin D3 with optimal interval of about 8 hours, 2) Selective
Drug Uptake Enhancement Method by manual stimulation organ representation area of pathological organs at hands, 3) Stimulation of Thymus gland representation area of the back of the hand which was discovered by Omura, Y. in 2017, & 4) Identification & removal of multiple co-existing
cancer-promoting factors. This combination of 4 new methods of treatment was found to be most effective & safe treatment for not only hopelessly advanced cancer patients but also many other difficult medical problems.
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44
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Anderson BW, Suh YS, Choi B, Lee HJ, Yab TC, Taylor WR, Dukek BA, Berger CK, Cao X, Foote PH, Devens ME, Boardman LA, Kisiel JB, Mahoney DW, Slettedahl SW, Allawi HT, Lidgard GP, Smyrk TC, Yang HK, Ahlquist DA. Detection of Gastric Cancer with Novel Methylated DNA Markers: Discovery, Tissue Validation, and Pilot Testing in Plasma. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 24:5724-5734. [PMID: 29844130 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-3364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Gastric adenocarcinoma is the third most common cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Accurate and affordable noninvasive detection methods have potential value for screening and surveillance. Herein, we identify novel methylated DNA markers (MDM) for gastric adenocarcinoma, validate their discrimination for gastric adenocarcinoma in tissues from geographically separate cohorts, explore marker acquisition through the oncogenic cascade, and describe distributions of candidate MDMs in plasma from gastric adenocarcinoma cases and normal controls.Experimental Design: Following discovery by unbiased whole-methylome sequencing, candidate MDMs were validated by blinded methylation-specific PCR in archival case-control tissues from U.S. and South Korean patients. Top MDMs were then assayed by an analytically sensitive method (quantitative real-time allele-specific target and signal amplification) in a blinded pilot study on archival plasma from gastric adenocarcinoma cases and normal controls.Results: Whole-methylome discovery yielded novel and highly discriminant candidate MDMs. In tissue, a panel of candidate MDMs detected gastric adenocarcinoma in 92% to 100% of U.S. and South Korean cohorts at 100% specificity. Levels of most MDMs increased progressively from normal mucosa through metaplasia, adenoma, and gastric adenocarcinoma with variation in points of greatest marker acquisition. In plasma, a 3-marker panel (ELMO1, ZNF569, C13orf18) detected 86% (95% CI, 71-95) of gastric adenocarcinomas at 95% specificity.Conclusions: Novel MDMs appear to accurately discriminate gastric adenocarcinoma from normal controls in both tissue and plasma. The point of aberrant methylation during oncogenesis varies by MDM, which may have relevance to marker selection in clinical applications. Further exploration of these MDMs for gastric adenocarcinoma screening and surveillance is warranted. Clin Cancer Res; 24(22); 5724-34. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley W Anderson
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Yun-Suhk Suh
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Boram Choi
- Department of Surgery and Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyuk-Joon Lee
- Department of Surgery and Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Tracy C Yab
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - William R Taylor
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Brian A Dukek
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Calise K Berger
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Xiaoming Cao
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Patrick H Foote
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Mary E Devens
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Lisa A Boardman
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - John B Kisiel
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Douglas W Mahoney
- Department of Biomedical Statistics and Information, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Seth W Slettedahl
- Department of Biomedical Statistics and Information, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | | | | | - Thomas C Smyrk
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Han-Kwang Yang
- Department of Surgery and Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - David A Ahlquist
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.
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45
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Modulation of gene transcription and epigenetics of colon carcinoma cells by bacterial membrane vesicles. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7434. [PMID: 29743643 PMCID: PMC5943334 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25308-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Interactions between bacteria and colon cancer cells influence the transcription of the host cell. Yet is it undetermined whether the bacteria itself or the communication between the host and bacteria is responsible for the genomic changes in the eukaryotic cell. Now, we have investigated the genomic and epigenetic consequences of co-culturing colorectal carcinoma cells with membrane vesicles from pathogenic bacteria Vibrio cholerae and non-pathogenic commensal bacteria Escherichia coli. Our study reveals that membrane vesicles from pathogenic and commensal bacteria have a global impact on the gene expression of colon-carcinoma cells. The changes in gene expression correlate positively with both epigenetic changes and chromatin accessibility of promoters at transcription start sites of genes induced by both types of membrane vesicles. Moreover, we have demonstrated that membrane vesicles obtained only from V. cholerae induced the expression of genes associated with epithelial cell differentiation. Altogether, our study suggests that the observed genomic changes in host cells might be due to specific components of membrane vesicles and do not require communication by direct contact with the bacteria.
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46
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Khan S, Zhu LP, Zhang Y, Chen X, Wang BM. Laterally spreading tumour of the distal stomach: a case report. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:502. [PMID: 29716579 PMCID: PMC5930566 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4425-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Laterally spreading tumours (LSTs) are superficial neoplasms that usually extend laterally along the intra-luminal wall of the gastrointestinal tract. Recently, the incidence of LSTs in the colorectal mucosa has greatly increased. However, LSTs in the stomach are exceedingly rare and have never been previously reported. Case presentation Here, we report a 69-year-old male with epigastric pain and a gastric LST 6 cm in diameter located in the distal stomach and grossly extended into the duodenal bulb. The stomach lesion was initially diagnosed as high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia, while the duodenal lesion was diagnosed as a tubulovillous adenoma. A therapeutic strategy of endoscopic submucosal dissection and distal gastrectomy was applied. The surgeries and postoperative course were uneventful, and the patient remained asymptomatic 1 year after surgery. Conclusions This is a clinically significant case, as it provides detailed information regarding laterally spreading early gastric cancer and emphasizes the diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for early gastric cancerous lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samiullah Khan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road Heping District, 300052, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Lan-Ping Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road Heping District, 300052, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujie Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road Heping District, 300052, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.
| | - Bang-Mao Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road Heping District, 300052, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.
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47
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Pandey S, Jha HC, Shukla SK, Shirley MK, Robertson ES. Epigenetic Regulation of Tumor Suppressors by Helicobacter pylori Enhances EBV-Induced Proliferation of Gastric Epithelial Cells. mBio 2018; 9:e00649-18. [PMID: 29691341 PMCID: PMC5915740 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00649-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) are two well-known contributors to cancer and can establish lifelong persistent infection in the host. This leads to chronic inflammation, which also contributes to development of cancer. Association with H. pylori increases the risk of gastric carcinoma, and coexistence with EBV enhances proliferation of infected cells. Further, H. pylori-EBV coinfection causes chronic inflammation in pediatric patients. We have established an H. pylori-EBV coinfection model system using human gastric epithelial cells. We showed that H. pylori infection can increase the oncogenic phenotype of EBV-infected cells and that the cytotoxin-associated gene (CagA) protein encoded by H. pylori stimulated EBV-mediated cell proliferation in this coinfection model system. This led to increased expression of DNA methyl transferases (DNMTs), which reprogrammed cellular transcriptional profiles, including those of tumor suppressor genes (TSGs), through hypermethylation. These findings provide new insights into a molecular mechanism whereby cooperativity between two oncogenic agents leads to enhanced oncogenic activity of gastric cancer cells.IMPORTANCE We have studied the cooperativity between H. pylori and EBV, two known oncogenic agents. This led to an enhanced oncogenic phenotype in gastric epithelial cells. We now demonstrate that EBV-driven epigenetic modifications are enhanced in the presence of H. pylori, more specifically, in the presence of its CagA secretory antigen. This results in increased proliferation of the infected gastric cells. Our findings now elucidate a molecular mechanism whereby expression of cellular DNA methyl transferases is induced influencing infection by EBV. Hypermethylation of the regulatory genomic regions of tumor suppressor genes results in their silencing. This drastically affects the expression of cell cycle, apoptosis, and DNA repair genes, which dysregulates their associated processes, and promotion of the oncogenic phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Pandey
- Departments of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, and Microbiology, the Tumor Virology Program, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Hem Chandra Jha
- Departments of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, and Microbiology, the Tumor Virology Program, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sanket Kumar Shukla
- Departments of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, and Microbiology, the Tumor Virology Program, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Meghan K Shirley
- Departments of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, and Microbiology, the Tumor Virology Program, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Erle S Robertson
- Departments of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, and Microbiology, the Tumor Virology Program, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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48
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Pirini F, Noazin S, Jahuira-Arias MH, Rodriguez-Torres S, Friess L, Michailidi C, Cok J, Combe J, Vargas G, Prado W, Soudry E, Pérez J, Yudin T, Mancinelli A, Unger H, Ili-Gangas C, Brebi-Mieville P, Berg DE, Hayashi M, Sidransky D, Gilman RH, Guerrero-Preston R. Early detection of gastric cancer using global, genome-wide and IRF4, ELMO1, CLIP4 and MSC DNA methylation in endoscopic biopsies. Oncotarget 2018; 8:38501-38516. [PMID: 28418867 PMCID: PMC5503549 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinically useful molecular tools to triage gastric cancer patients are not currently available. We aimed to develop a molecular tool to predict gastric cancer risk in endoscopy-driven biopsies obtained from high-risk gastric cancer clinics in low resource settings. We discovered and validated a DNA methylation biomarker panel in endoscopic samples obtained from 362 patients seen between 2004 and 2009 in three high-risk gastric cancer clinics in Lima, Perú, and validated it in 306 samples from the Cancer Genome Atlas project (“TCGA”). Global, epigenome wide and gene-specific DNA methylation analyses were used in a Phase I Biomarker Development Trial to identify a continuous biomarker panel that combines a Global DNA Methylation Index (GDMI) and promoter DNA methylation levels of IRF4, ELMO1, CLIP4 and MSC. We observed an inverse association between the GDMI and histological progression to gastric cancer, when comparing gastritis patients without metaplasia (mean = 5.74, 95% CI, 4.97−6.50), gastritis patients with metaplasia (mean = 4.81, 95% CI, 3.77−5.84), and gastric cancer cases (mean = 3.38, 95% CI, 2.82−3.94), respectively (p < 0.0001). Promoter methylation of IRF4 (p < 0.0001), ELMO1 (p < 0.0001), CLIP4 (p < 0.0001), and MSC (p < 0.0001), is also associated with increasing severity from gastritis with no metaplasia to gastritis with metaplasia and gastric cancer. Our findings suggest that IRF4, ELMO1, CLIP4 and MSC promoter methylation coupled with a GDMI>4 are useful molecular tools for gastric cancer risk stratification in endoscopic biopsies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Pirini
- Biosciences Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Sassan Noazin
- The Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of International Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Martha H Jahuira-Arias
- The Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Otolaryngology Department, Head and Neck Cancer Research Division, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú
| | - Sebastian Rodriguez-Torres
- The Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Otolaryngology Department, Head and Neck Cancer Research Division, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Leah Friess
- The Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Otolaryngology Department, Head and Neck Cancer Research Division, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Christina Michailidi
- The Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Otolaryngology Department, Head and Neck Cancer Research Division, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jaime Cok
- Hospital Nacional Cayetano Heredia, Pathology Department, Lima, Perú
| | - Juan Combe
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas, Gastroenterology Department, Lima, Perú
| | - Gloria Vargas
- Hospital Nacional Arzobispo Loayza, Gastroenterology Department, Lima, Perú
| | - William Prado
- Hospital Nacional Dos de Mayo, Gastroenterology Department, Lima, Perú
| | - Ethan Soudry
- The Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Otolaryngology Department, Head and Neck Cancer Research Division, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jimena Pérez
- The Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Otolaryngology Department, Head and Neck Cancer Research Division, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Tikki Yudin
- The Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Otolaryngology Department, Head and Neck Cancer Research Division, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Andrea Mancinelli
- The Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Otolaryngology Department, Head and Neck Cancer Research Division, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Helen Unger
- The Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Otolaryngology Department, Head and Neck Cancer Research Division, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Carmen Ili-Gangas
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathological Anatomy, School of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile.,Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine - Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (CEMT-BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Priscilla Brebi-Mieville
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathological Anatomy, School of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile.,Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine - Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (CEMT-BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Douglas E Berg
- Washington University Medical School, Department of Molecular Microbiology, St Louis, MO, USA.,University of California San Diego, Department of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Masamichi Hayashi
- The Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Otolaryngology Department, Head and Neck Cancer Research Division, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - David Sidransky
- The Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Otolaryngology Department, Head and Neck Cancer Research Division, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Robert H Gilman
- The Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of International Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú
| | - Rafael Guerrero-Preston
- The Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Otolaryngology Department, Head and Neck Cancer Research Division, Baltimore, MD, USA.,University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, San Juan, Puerto Rico
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49
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Aberrant GATA2 epigenetic dysregulation induces a GATA2/GATA6 switch in human gastric cancer. Oncogene 2017; 37:993-1004. [PMID: 29106391 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2017.397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Six GATA transcription factors play important roles in eukaryotic development. Among these, GATA2, an essential factor for the hematopoietic cell lineage, exhibits low expression in human gastric tissues, whereas GATA6, which is crucial for gastrointestinal development and differentiation, is frequently amplified and/or overexpressed in human gastric cancer. Interestingly, we found that GATA6 was overexpressed in human gastric cancer cells only when GATA2 expression was completely absent, thereby showing an inverse correlation between GATA2 and GATA6. In gastric cancer cells that express high GATA6 levels, a GATA2 CpG island is hypermethylated, repressing expression in these cells. In contrast, GATA6 expression is undetectable in GATA2-overexpressing gastric cancer cells, which lack GATA2 DNA methylation. Furthermore, PRC2 complex-mediated transcriptional silencing of GATA6 was observed in the GATA2-overexpressing cells. We also show that the GATA2 and PRC2 complexes are enriched within the GATA6 locus, and that the recruitment of the PRC2 complex is impaired by disrupting GATA2 expression, resulting in GATA6 upregulation. In addition, ectopic GATA2 expression significantly downregulates GATA6 expression, suggesting GATA2 directly represses GATA6. Furthermore, GATA6 downregulation showed antitumor activity by inducing growth arrest. Finally, we show that aberrant GATA2 methylation occurs early during the multistep process of gastric carcinogenesis regardless of Helicobacter pylori infection. Taken together, GATA2 dysregulation by epigenetic modification is associated with unfavorable phenotypes in human gastric cancer cells by allowing GATA6 expression.
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50
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Ribeiro J, Oliveira A, Malta M, Oliveira C, Silva F, Galaghar A, Afonso LP, Neves MC, Medeiros R, Pimentel-Nunes P, Sousa H. Clinical and pathological characterization of Epstein-Barr virus-associated gastric carcinomas in Portugal. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23:7292-7302. [PMID: 29142476 PMCID: PMC5677199 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i40.7292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To determine the prevalence of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated gastric carcinomas in the North Region of Portugal and to study its clinicopathological characteristics.
METHODS We have performed a retrospective study including a total of 179 consecutive patients with gastric cancer (GC) submitted to gastrectomy during 2011 at the Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto. Clinical and pathological data was collected from individual clinical records and inserted on a database with unique codification. Tumour tissues were collected from the institutional tumour bank. EBV was detected by in situ hybridization for the detection of EBV-encoded small RNAs (EBERs) and EBV latent proteins (LMP1 and LMP2A) were detected by immunohistochemistry.
RESULTS The analysis showed that EBV-associated gastric carcinomas (EBVaGC) represents 8.4% (15/179) of all GC cases, with a significant differential distribution among histological types (P < 0.001): 100% (3/3) of medullary carcinomas, 100% (1/1) of adenosquamous carcinoma, 8.7% (8/92) of tubular adenocarcinomas, 8.0% (2/25) of mixed carcinomas and 2% (1/51) in poorly cohesive carcinomas. The analysis revealed a higher predominance of EBVaGC in the upper third and middle (cardia, fundus and body) of the stomach (P = 0.041), a significant lower number of regional lymph nodes invasion (P = 0.025) and a tendency for better prognosis (P = 0.222). EBV latent protein expression revealed that all EBVaGC cases were LMP1-negative, nevertheless 6 cases (40%) expressed LPM2A, which reveals that these cases show a distinct EBV-Latency profile (latency II-like).
CONCLUSION EBVaGC represents 8.4% of all GC in the North Region of Portugal. The EBV-infected patients have specific clinic-pathological features that should be further explored to develop new strategies of management and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Ribeiro
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine of Porto University, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Andreia Oliveira
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Mariana Malta
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Claudia Oliveira
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernanda Silva
- Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Galaghar
- Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Luís Pedro Afonso
- Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Cassiano Neves
- Medical Oncology Department, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- Instituto CUF de Oncologia, Rua Mário Botas, 1998-018 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rui Medeiros
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- Virology Service, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- Research Department - Portuguese League Against Cancer (Liga Portuguesa Contra o Cancro - Núcleo Regional do Norte), Estrada Interior da Circunvalação nº 6657, 4200- 172 Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro Pimentel-Nunes
- Gastroenterology Service, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- CINTESIS - Center for Health Technology and Services Research (Centro de Investigação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto), Rua Dr. Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
| | - Hugo Sousa
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- Virology Service, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
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