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Saiganesh P, Kaye AJ, Patel SJ, Meyers SR, Mathew AG, Wang W. Outcomes of Acute Pancreatitis in Hospitalized Patients With Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Cureus 2023; 15:e43795. [PMID: 37731448 PMCID: PMC10508705 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.43795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a common cause of hospitalization in the United States. There is evidence that chronic stress increases the risk for more severe AP episodes. One common form of chronic stress is generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). The purpose of this research was to investigate the impact of GAD on the outcomes of adult patients admitted to the hospital with AP. Methods Utilizing the 2014 National Inpatient Sample database and International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Edition Revision (ICD) codes, AP patients were selected. Common inpatient outcomes of AP patients with and without GAD were examined. The outcomes studied were acute renal failure, acute respiratory failure, sepsis, acute deep vein thrombosis, myocardial infarction, intestinal perforation, and inpatient mortality. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to assess if GAD was an independent predictor for these outcomes. Results Among 82,156 adult patients hospitalized for AP during the 2014 year, 10,611 of them had coexisting GAD. AP patients with comorbid GAD were found to have an increased likelihood of acute renal failure (aOR = 1.19, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.11-1.28, p < 0.001), sepsis (aOR = 1.09, 95% CI = 1.01 -1.19, p = 0.037), acute deep vein thrombosis (aOR = 1.63, 95% CI = 1.06-2.50, p = 0.025), and inpatient mortality (aOR = 1.62, 95% C = I 1.27-2.08, p < 0.001). There was no statistically significant difference found between the two cohorts for the outcomes of myocardial infarction and intestinal perforation. Conclusion In patients hospitalized with AP, those with coexisting GAD were found to have an increased risk of developing acute renal failure, sepsis, acute deep vein thrombosis, and inpatient mortality. There may be benefits to identifying AP patients with comorbid GAD at the time of admission and monitoring them more carefully during their hospitalization to help identify early signs of complications or prevent the negative outcomes seen in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Saiganesh
- Internal Medicine, Rutgers University New Jersey Medical School, Newark, USA
| | - Alexander J Kaye
- Internal Medicine, Rutgers University New Jersey Medical School, Newark, USA
| | - Shivani J Patel
- Internal Medicine, Rutgers University New Jersey Medical School, Newark, USA
| | - Sarah R Meyers
- Psychiatry, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, USA
| | - Anna G Mathew
- Internal Medicine, Rutgers University New Jersey Medical School, Newark, USA
| | - Weizheng Wang
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Rutgers University New Jersey Medical School, Newark, USA
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Wang D, Lu J, Zhang P, Hu Z, Shi Y. Relationship between blood glucose levels and length of hospital stay in patients with acute pancreatitis: An analysis of MIMIC-III database. Clin Transl Sci 2022; 16:246-257. [PMID: 36350303 PMCID: PMC9926064 DOI: 10.1111/cts.13445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the effect of blood glucose levels on length of stay (LOS) in patients hospitalized with acute pancreatitis (AP). We retrospectively collected clinical data of patients diagnosed with AP from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care III (MIMIC-III) database. Dose-response analysis curves of restricted cubic spline (RCS) function and multivariate logistic regression models were used to confirm the relationship between blood glucose levels and LOS. A total of 3656 patients with AP were included according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. According to RCS, all patients were divided into three groups, namely the less than 68 mg/dl group, the 68-104 mg/dl group, and the >104 mg/dl group. RCS showed a significant nonlinear correlation between blood glucose levels and LOS (p < 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression revealed a 53% higher risk of LOS greater than or equal to 2 days (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.53, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.24-1.89, p < 0.001), a 114% higher risk of LOS greater than or equal to 5 days (aOR = 2.14, 95% CI 1.86-2.47, p < 0.001), and a 130% higher risk of LOS greater than or equal to 7 days (aOR = 2.30, 95% CI 1.97-2.69, p < 0.001) in patients with glucose levels greater than 104 mg/dl than patients with glucose levels 68-104 mg/dl. The risk of LOS greater than or equal to 7 days was higher in patients with blood glucose less than 68 mg/dl than patients with glucose levels 68-104 mg/dl (aOR = 1.45, 95% CI 1.02-2.05, p = 0.040). In addition, we observed similar results in many subgroups. Our findings suggest that either hyperglycemia or hypoglycemia increase LOS in patients hospitalized with AP. For hospitalized patients with AP, blood glucose control in a reasonable range of 68-104 mg/dl is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyan Wang
- Department of GastroenterologyShanghai Pudong New Area Gongli HospitalShanghaiChina
| | - Jie Lu
- Department of GastroenterologyShanghai Pudong New Area Gongli HospitalShanghaiChina
| | - Pan Zhang
- Department of LaboratoryShanghai Pudong New Area Gongli HospitalShanghaiChina
| | - Zhengyu Hu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's HospitalAffiliated to Tongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Yihai Shi
- Department of GastroenterologyShanghai Pudong New Area Gongli HospitalShanghaiChina
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3
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Li Q, Cao Q, Yuan Z, Wang M, Chen P, Wu X. A novel self-nanomicellizing system of empagliflozin for oral treatment of acute pancreatitis: An experimental study. NANOMEDICINE : NANOTECHNOLOGY, BIOLOGY, AND MEDICINE 2022; 42:102534. [PMID: 35150903 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2022.102534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a severe inflammatory disorder hampered by a lack of effective drugs in its clinical practice. Empagliflozin (EMP) exhibits potential effects against AP but is limited by poor water-solubility and low bioavailability. Herein, a novel self-nanomicellizing formulation of EMP with phytochemical rebaudioside A (RA) as the nanocarrier (RA-EMP) was fabricated to address these issues. RA-EMP powder could be simply prepared and exhibited excellent storage stability, dramatically improved EMP's apparent solubility, and instantly self-assembled into micelles with high EMP encapsulation efficiency in water. In vivo experimental studies showed that RA-EMP exhibited significantly enhanced oral bioavailability of EMP and dramatically improved therapeutic efficacy against AP. The mechanisms through suppressing the effects of oxidative stress and proinflammatory cytokines were involved in this therapeutic effect. The results demonstrated that RA-EMP could serve as a promising way to enhance the oral bioavailability and strengthen the potential therapeutic efficacy of EMP against AP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiqi Li
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Qilong Cao
- Qingdao Haier Biotech Co. Ltd., Qingdao, China.
| | - Zhixin Yuan
- Qingdao Haier Biotech Co. Ltd., Qingdao, China
| | - Meiqi Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xianggen Wu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.
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Duan F, Wang X, Wang H, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Chen J, Zhu X, Chen B. GDF11 ameliorates severe acute pancreatitis through modulating macrophage M1 and M2 polarization by targeting the TGFβR1/SMAD-2 pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 108:108777. [PMID: 35461108 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute pancreatitis (SAP), as a typical acute inflammatory injury disease, is one of the acute gastrointestinal diseases with a remarkable mortality rate. Macrophages, typical inflammatory cells involved in SAP, play an important role in the pathogenesis of SAP, which are separated into proinflammation M1 and antiinflammation M2. Growth and differentiation factor 11 (GDF11), as a member of the TGF-β family also called BMP-11, has been discovered to suppress inflammation. However, the mechanism by which GDF11 inhibits inflammation and whether it can ameliorate SAP are still elusive. The present research aimed to investigate the roles of GDF11 in SAP and the potential immunomodulatory effect of macrophage polarization. The mouse and rat SAP model were constructed by caerulein and retrograde injection of sodium taurocholate respectively. The effects of GDF11 on SAP were observed by serology, histopathology and tissue inflammation, and the effects of GDF11 on the polarization of macrophages in vivo were observed. Raw264.7 and THP1 crells were used to study the effect of GDF11 on macrophage polarization in vitro. To further investigate the causal link underneath, our team first completed RNA and proteome sequencing, and utilized specific suppressor to determine the implicated signal paths. Herein, we discovered that GDF11 alleviated the damage of pancreatic tissues in cerulein induced SAP mice and SAP rats induced by retrograde injection of sodium taurocholate, and further found that GDF11 facilitated M2 macrophage polarization and diminished M1 macrophage polarization in vivo and in vitro. Subsequently, we further found that the regulation of GDF11 on macrophage polarization through TGFβR1/smad2 pathway. Our results revealed that GDF11 ameliorated SAP and diminished M1 macrophage polarization and facilitated M2 macrophage polarization. The Role of GDF11 in modulating macrophage polarization might be one of the mechanisms by which GDF11 played a protective role in pancreatic tissues during SAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feixiang Duan
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000 Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiaowu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000 Zhejiang Province, China; Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000 Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Hongwei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000 Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yongqiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000 Zhejiang Province, China; Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000 Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000 Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jiawei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000 Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiandong Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000 Zhejiang Province, China; Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000 Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Bicheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000 Zhejiang Province, China; Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000 Zhejiang Province, China.
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5
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Calil IL, Tustumi F, Sousa JHBD, Tomazini BM, Cruz RJ, Saliba GN, Pécora RAA, D’Albuquerque LAC. What is the role of heat shock protein in abdominal organ transplantation? EINSTEIN-SAO PAULO 2022; 20:eRB6181. [PMID: 35293529 PMCID: PMC8909122 DOI: 10.31744/einstein_journal/2022rb6181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion injury is a pathophysiological event occuring after abdominal organ transplantation, and has a significant influence on prognosis and survival of the graft. It is involved in delaying the primary function or non-functioning of the graft. The objective of this study was to provide information on heat shock protein mechanisms in ischemia-reperfusion injuries in abdominal organ transplantations, and to indicate the possible factors involved that may influence the graft outcome. Several classes of heat shock proteins are part of the ischemia and reperfusion process, both as inflammatory agonists and in protecting the process. Studies involving heat shock proteins enhance knowledge on ischemia-reperfusion injury mitigation processes and the mechanisms involved in the survival of abdominal grafts, and open space to support therapeutic future clinical studies, minimizing ischemia and reperfusion injuries in abdominal organ transplantations. Expression of heat shock proteins is associated with inflammatory manifestations and ischemia-reperfusion injuries in abdominal organ transplantations and may influence graft outcomes.
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Chen ZP, Huang HP, He XY, Wu BZ, Liu Y. Early continuous blood purification affects TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in patients with severe acute pancreatitis via inhibiting TLR4 signaling pathway. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2022; 38:479-485. [PMID: 35049137 DOI: 10.1002/kjm2.12497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
To exploit whether early continuous blood purification (CBP) inhibits the Toll-like receptors 4 (TLR4) signaling pathway in the peripheral blood of patients with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) and whether it affects the abundance of inflammatory factors; 130 SAP patients were randomly selected and divided into Groups B and C. Both groups received conventional treatment. Among them, Group C was given early CBP treatment. Another 60 healthy cases in physical examination at the same time were selected as Group A. The abundances of TLR4 and inflammatory factors were detected before and after treatment. Compared with Group B, (1) the symptoms in Group C improved more markedly; (2) protein contents of TLR4 and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) in Group C diminished more signally; (3) the abundances of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), cytokine interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and cytokine interleukin 6 (IL-6) in Group C decreased (p < 0.05); and (4) the abundance of TLR4 in Group C was positively correlated with those of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 after treatment (all p < 0.001). Early CBP inhibits TLR4 signaling pathway in SAP patients and attenuates the abundance of inflammatory factors to a certain extent, which may provide a new clinical treatment strategy for SAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Peng Chen
- Department of Surgical ICU, Zhangzhou Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Zhangzhou, China
| | - Hai-Ping Huang
- Department of Surgical ICU, Zhangzhou Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Zhangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Yan He
- Department of Cardiothoracic surgery, Zhangzhou Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Zhangzhou, China
| | - Bao-Zhen Wu
- Department of Surgical ICU, Zhangzhou Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Zhangzhou, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of Surgical ICU, Zhangzhou Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Zhangzhou, China
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7
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Hong W, Lu Y, Zhou X, Jin S, Pan J, Lin Q, Yang S, Basharat Z, Zippi M, Goyal H. Usefulness of Random Forest Algorithm in Predicting Severe Acute Pancreatitis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:893294. [PMID: 35755843 PMCID: PMC9226542 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.893294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS This study aimed to develop an interpretable random forest model for predicting severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). METHODS Clinical and laboratory data of 648 patients with acute pancreatitis were retrospectively reviewed and randomly assigned to the training set and test set in a 3:1 ratio. Univariate analysis was used to select candidate predictors for the SAP. Random forest (RF) and logistic regression (LR) models were developed on the training sample. The prediction models were then applied to the test sample. The performance of the risk models was measured by calculating the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves (AUC) and area under precision recall curve. We provide visualized interpretation by using local interpretable model-agnostic explanations (LIME). RESULTS The LR model was developed to predict SAP as the following function: -1.10-0.13×albumin (g/L) + 0.016 × serum creatinine (μmol/L) + 0.14 × glucose (mmol/L) + 1.63 × pleural effusion (0/1)(No/Yes). The coefficients of this formula were utilized to build a nomogram. The RF model consists of 16 variables identified by univariate analysis. It was developed and validated by a tenfold cross-validation on the training sample. Variables importance analysis suggested that blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, albumin, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, calcium, and glucose were the most important seven predictors of SAP. The AUCs of RF model in tenfold cross-validation of the training set and the test set was 0.89 and 0.96, respectively. Both the area under precision recall curve and the diagnostic accuracy of the RF model were higher than that of both the LR model and the BISAP score. LIME plots were used to explain individualized prediction of the RF model. CONCLUSIONS An interpretable RF model exhibited the highest discriminatory performance in predicting SAP. Interpretation with LIME plots could be useful for individualized prediction in a clinical setting. A nomogram consisting of albumin, serum creatinine, glucose, and pleural effusion was useful for prediction of SAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wandong Hong
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Wandong Hong,
| | - Yajing Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaoying Zhou
- School of the First Clinical Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shengchun Jin
- School of the First Clinical Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jingyi Pan
- School of the First Clinical Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qingyi Lin
- School of the First Clinical Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shaopeng Yang
- School of the First Clinical Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zarrin Basharat
- Jamil-ur-Rahman Center for Genome Research, Dr. Panjwani Centre for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Maddalena Zippi
- Unit of Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy, Sandro Pertini Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Hemant Goyal
- Department of Medicine, The Wright Center for Graduate Medical Education, Scranton, PA, United States
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High levels of reactive oxygen species in pancreatic necrotic fluid of patients with walled-off pancreatic necrosis. GASTROENTEROLOGY REVIEW 2021; 16:56-61. [PMID: 33986889 PMCID: PMC8112273 DOI: 10.5114/pg.2020.95948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Walled-off pancreatic necrosis (WOPN) is a life-threatening, late complication of acute pancreatitis, in which a fluid collection containing necrotic material is formed. Infection of the fluid collection significantly increases the mortality of patients with WOPN. Aim To examine the levels of oxidative stress markers in the pancreatic necrotic fluid (PNF) and serum of patients with sterile and infected WOPN. Material and methods Thirty-three adult patients with sterile WOPN and 14 with infected WOPN, as well as 31 patients with mild AP, were included in this study. Concentrations of oxidative stress markers (8-isoprostane, protein carbonyl groups, and 8-hydroxyguanine) were measured in the PNF and serum of patients with sterile and infected WOPN. Results High concentrations of all measured oxidative stress markers in PNF, but not in serum, were detected in patients with WOPN. Additionally, oxidative stress markers in PNF were significantly increased in patients with infected as compared to sterile WOPN. The serum high sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP) concentrations showed the highest correlation with PNF oxidative stress marker levels. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis confirmed that serum hsCRP could be a good predictor of WOPN infection. Conclusions Oxidative stress is associated with WOPN development; infection of PNF worsens the course of WOPN, possibly via increased production of reactive oxygen species; and serum hsCRP concentrations seem to be a good, noninvasive indicator of PNF infection.
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Li K, Yin H, Duan Y, Lai P, Cai Y, Wei Y. Pre-inhalation of hydrogen-rich gases protect against caerulein-induced mouse acute pancreatitis while enhance the pancreatic Hsp60 protein expression. BMC Gastroenterol 2021; 21:178. [PMID: 33874887 PMCID: PMC8056676 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-021-01640-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute pancreatitis (AP) lacks targeted prevention and treatment measures. Some key points in the pathogenesis of AP remain unclear, such as early activation of pancreatic enzymes. Several recent reports have shown the protective effect of hydrogen on several AP animal models, and the mechanism is related to antioxidant activity. Heat shock protein 60 (Hsp60) is known to accompany pancreatic enzymes synthesis and secretion pathway of in pancreatic acinar cells, while role of hsp60 in AP remains a topic. Aim of this study was to investigate effect of hydrogen pretreatment on AP and the mechanisms, focusing on pancreatic oxidative stress and Hsp60 expression. METHODS 80 mice were randomly assigned into four groups: HAP group, AP group, HNS group, and NS group and each group were set 3 observation time point as 1 h, 3 h and 5 h (n = 6-8). Mouse AP model was induced by intraperitoneal injection of 50 μg/kg caerulein per hour for 6 injections both in AP and HAP groups, and mice in NS group and HNS group given normal saline (NS) injections at the same way as control respectively. Mice in HAP group and HNS group were treated with hydrogen-rich gases inhalation for 3 days before the first injection of caerulein or saline, while mice in AP group and NS group in normal air condition. Histopathology of pancreatic tissue, plasma amylase and lipase, plasma IL-1 and IL-6, pancreatic glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA), and Hsp60 mRNA and protein expression were investigated. Comparisons were made by one-way analysis of variance. RESULTS The pancreatic pathological changes, plasma amylase and lipase activity, and the increase of plasma IL-1 and IL-6 levels in AP mice were significantly improved by the hydrogen-rich gases pretreatment, Meanwhile, the pancreatic GSH content increased and the pancreatic MDA content decreased. And, the hydrogen-rich gases pretreatment improved the Hsp60 protein expression in pancreatic tissues of AP mice at 1 h and 5 h. CONCLUSIONS Pre-inhalation of hydrogen-rich gases have a good protective effect on AP mice, and the possible mechanisms of reduced oxidative stress and the early increased pancreatic Hsp60 protein deserve attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Tongji University School of Medicine, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Hongling Yin
- Shanghai Asclepius Meditec Co. Ltd., 758 Jiaxin Road, Shanghai, 201818, China
| | - Yi Duan
- Shanghai Asclepius Meditec Co. Ltd., 758 Jiaxin Road, Shanghai, 201818, China
| | - Peizhen Lai
- Shanghai Asclepius Meditec Co. Ltd., 758 Jiaxin Road, Shanghai, 201818, China
| | - Yancheng Cai
- Department of Pathophysiology, Tongji University School of Medicine, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Youzhen Wei
- Research Center for Translational Medicine and Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 150 Jimo Road, Shanghai, 200120, China.
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10
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Calvo Bernal MDM, Lázaro Sáez M, Delgado Maroto A, Hernández Martínez Á. Acute aortic thombosis as etiology of ischemic pancreatitis: Report of a clinical case. GASTROENTEROLOGIA Y HEPATOLOGIA 2021; 45 Suppl 1:81-82. [PMID: 33609596 DOI: 10.1016/j.gastrohep.2020.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marta Lázaro Sáez
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Aparato Digestivo, Complejo Hospitalario Torrecárdenas, Almería, España
| | - Ana Delgado Maroto
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Aparato Digestivo, Complejo Hospitalario Torrecárdenas, Almería, España
| | - Álvaro Hernández Martínez
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Aparato Digestivo, Complejo Hospitalario Torrecárdenas, Almería, España
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11
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Faheem NM, Ali TM. The counteracting effects of (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate on the immobilization stress-induced adverse reactions in rat pancreas. Cell Stress Chaperones 2021; 26:159-172. [PMID: 33000400 PMCID: PMC7736449 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-020-01165-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Many studies suggest that Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate (EGCG) has many protective effects. But little is known about its protective effects against chronic restraint stress-induced damage in rats. The aim was to demonstrate the potential protective effects of EGCG against harmful pancreatic damage to the immobilization stress in the rat model. Forty rats, 2 months old, were divided into four groups (n = 10): control group; EGCG group, rats received EGCG by gavage (100 mg/kg /day) for 30 days; stressed group, rats exposed to immobilization stress; and stressed with EGCG group, rats exposed to immobilization stress and received EGCG for 30 days. Glycemic status parameters, corticosterone, and inflammatory markers were investigated on the first day, 15th day, and the 30th day of the experiment. Pancreatic oxidative stress markers and cytokines were evaluated. Histological, immunohistological, and statistical studies were performed. On the 15th day, fasting blood glucose (FBG), fasting plasma insulin (FPI), homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and fasting plasma corticosterone were significantly higher in the stressed group when compared with first and 30th day in the same group as well as when compared with control and stressed with EGCG groups. The stressed group revealed significantly higher pancreatic IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, MDA, and NO, serum amylase and serum lipase, and significantly lower GSH, SOD, and CAT when compared to control and stressed with EGCG groups. EGCG treatment attenuated the pancreatic stress-induced cellular degeneration, leucocytic infiltration, and cytoplasmic vacuolations; significantly decreased area percentage of collagen fibers; and significantly increased mean area percentage of insulin immunopositive cell as compared with stressed group. EGCG is a protective agent against immobilization stress because of its anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, and and anti-oxidative stress properties, as confirmed by biochemical and histological alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nermeen Mohammed Faheem
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, 21944, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Tarek Mohamed Ali
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Taif University, P. O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
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Wang Q, Liu S, Han Z. miR-339-3p regulated acute pancreatitis induced by caerulein through targeting TNF receptor-associated factor 3 in AR42J cells. Open Life Sci 2020; 15:912-922. [PMID: 33817278 PMCID: PMC7874543 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2020-0084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis (AP) is an inflammatory disease with high morbidity and mortality. The regulation mechanism of miRNA is involved in the production and development of various diseases, but the regulation mechanism of miRNA in AP is still not fully elucidated. The expression of miR-339-3p was detected using quantitative real-time PCR. The levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Cell apoptosis was measured using flow cytometry. The protein expressions of TNF receptor-associated factor 3 (TRAF3), Bcl-2, C-caspase 3, Bax, p-p38, and p38 were measured using western blot. Luciferase reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation assay were applied to ensure that miR-399-3p targeted TRAF3. Caerulein promoted the expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, enhanced the expression of C-caspase 3 and Bax while inhibited Bcl-2 protein expression. Meanwhile, caerulein also reduced the expression of miR-339-3p and induced the expression of TRAF3 in rat pancreatic acinar cells. miR-399-3p transfection inhibited the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 and C-caspase 3 and Bax protein expression as well as suppressed cell apoptosis, while increased Bcl-2 protein expression in caerulein-induced AP. TRAF3 has been verified as a target of miR-339-3p. Interestingly, the reduction of miR-399-3p inhibited the p38 pathway, which was impaired by the upregulation of TRAF3. In addition, the suppression effects of miR-339-3p on cell inflammation and apoptosis in caerulein-induced AP were reversed by enhancing TRAF3 expression. In this study, in vitro model of AP was characterized by strong inflammation and cell apoptosis. We have first demonstrated the regulatory network of miR-339-3p and TRAF3. Overexpression of miR-339-3p inhibited cell inflammation and cell apoptosis in caerulein-induced AP through modulating TRAF3 expression via the p38 pathway, providing a new therapeutic target in the treatment of AP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Room 505, Unit 3, Building 1, Yiyuan Community, No. 109, Tuanjie West Rd, 241001, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Shaofeng Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Room 505, Unit 3, Building 1, Yiyuan Community, No. 109, Tuanjie West Rd, 241001, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Zhen Han
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Room 505, Unit 3, Building 1, Yiyuan Community, No. 109, Tuanjie West Rd, 241001, Wuhu, Anhui, China
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13
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Estaras M, Ameur FZ, Estévez M, Díaz-Velasco S, Gonzalez A. The lysine derivative aminoadipic acid, a biomarker of protein oxidation and diabetes-risk, induces production of reactive oxygen species and impairs trypsin secretion in mouse pancreatic acinar cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 145:111594. [PMID: 32738373 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We have examined the effects of α-aminoadipic acid, an oxidized derivative from the amino acid lysine, on the physiology of mouse pancreatic acinar cells. Changes in intracellular free-Ca2+ concentration, the generation of reactive oxygen species, the levels of carbonyls and thiobarbituric-reactive substances, cellular metabolic activity and trypsin secretion were studied. Stimulation of mouse pancreatic cells with cholecystokinin (1 nM) evoked a transient increase in [Ca2+]i. In the presence of α-amoniadipic acid increases in [Ca2+]i were observed. In the presence of the compound, cholecystokinin induced a Ca2+ response that was smaller compared with that observed when cholecystokinin was applied alone. Stimulation of cells with cholecystokinin in the absence of Ca2+ in the extracellular medium abolished further mobilization of Ca2+ by α-aminoadipic acid. In addition, potential pro-oxidant conditions, reflected as increases in ROS generation, oxidation of proteins and lipids, were noted in the presence of α-aminoadipic acid. Finally, the compound impaired trypsin secretion induced by the secretagogue cholecystokinin. We conclude that the oxidized derivative from the amino acid lysine induces pro-oxidative conditions and the impairment of enzyme secretion in pancreatic acinar cells. α-aminoadipic acid thus creates a situation that could potentially lead to disorders in the physiology of the pancreas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matias Estaras
- Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Fatma Z Ameur
- Laboratoire de Physiologie de la Nutrition et de Sécurité Alimentaire, Université d'Oran1 Ahmed BenBella, Algeria
| | - Mario Estévez
- IPROCAR Research Institute, TECAL Research Group, University of Extremadura, 10003, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Silvia Díaz-Velasco
- IPROCAR Research Institute, TECAL Research Group, University of Extremadura, 10003, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Antonio Gonzalez
- Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain.
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14
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Masuda M, Otsuka-Yamasaki Y, Shiranaga N, Iguchi A, Uchida N, Sato R, Yamasaki M. Retrospective study on intercurrent pancreatitis with Babesia gibsoni infection in dogs. J Vet Med Sci 2019; 81:1558-1563. [PMID: 31511445 PMCID: PMC6895633 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.19-0280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Babesia rossi infection has been reported to be associated with the high prevalence of pancreatitis in dogs. In this study, we retrospectively investigated whether
pancreatitis occurs in B. gibsoni-infected dogs. The clinical manifestations, and hematological and serum biochemical examination results, including canine
pancreatic-specific lipase (cPL), in 20 B. gibsoni-infected dogs were analyzed. The cPL concentration exceeded 400 µg/l in only 2 dogs, and
they were suspected of having pancreatitis. Although the cPL concentration did not correlate with the degree of anemia or the level of parasitemia, it correlated with the band neutrophil
count, platelet count, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) level. Our study suggested that the prevalence of pancreatitis is lower among B. gibsoni-infected dogs than B.
rossi-infected dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misa Masuda
- Laboratory of Veterinary Small Animal Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka 020-8550, Japan
| | - Yayoi Otsuka-Yamasaki
- The Organization for the Revitalization of the Sanriku Region and Regional Development, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka 020-8550, Japan
| | | | - Aiko Iguchi
- Course of Veterinary Laboratory Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
| | - Naohiro Uchida
- Laboratory of Veterinary Small Animal Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka 020-8550, Japan
| | - Reeko Sato
- Laboratory of Veterinary Small Animal Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka 020-8550, Japan
| | - Masahiro Yamasaki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Small Animal Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka 020-8550, Japan
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15
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Goodchild G, Chouhan M, Johnson GJ. Practical guide to the management of acute pancreatitis. Frontline Gastroenterol 2019; 10:292-299. [PMID: 31288253 PMCID: PMC6583768 DOI: 10.1136/flgastro-2018-101102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis (AP) is characterised by inflammation of the exocrine pancreas and is associated with acinar cell injury and both a local and systemic inflammatory response. AP may range in severity from self-limiting, characterised by mild pancreatic oedema, to severe systemic inflammation with pancreatic necrosis, organ failure and death. Several international guidelines have been developed including those from the joint International Association of Pancreatology and American Pancreatic Association, American College of Gastroenterology and British Society of Gastroenterology. Here we discuss current diagnostic and management challenges and address the common dilemmas in AP.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Goodchild
- Department of Gastroenterology, University College Hospital, London, UK
| | - Manil Chouhan
- Department of Radiology, University College Hospital, London, UK
| | - Gavin J Johnson
- Department of Gastroenterology, University College Hospital, London, UK
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16
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Elbassuoni EA, Abdel Hafez SM. Impact of chronic exercise on counteracting chronic stress-induced functional and morphological pancreatic changes in male albino rats. Cell Stress Chaperones 2019; 24:567-580. [PMID: 30903523 PMCID: PMC6527668 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-019-00988-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic stress has been linked to many diseases resulted from dysfunction of both the nervous system and peripheral organ systems. Yet, the effects of chronic stress on the pancreas have received relatively little attention. This work aims to investigate the influence of chronic stress exposure on both the endocrine and exocrine pancreatic function and morphology and its possible mechanism of action, and also to evaluate the impact of chronic exercise with moderate intensity on ameliorating the stress-induced pancreatic changes. Forty adult male albino rats were used and divided into four groups: control group, exercised group (3 weeks of swimming exercise), stressed group (3 weeks of immobilization stress), and stressed group practicing exercise (3 weeks of exercise, concomitant with 21 daily sessions of stress). On the final day of the experiment, all rats were sacrificed. Biochemical, immunohistochemical, and histological studies were conducted. The results showed that chronic immobilization stress produced hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and increased homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) with increasing exocrine pancreatic injury markers by increasing oxidative and inflammatory status of the pancreatic tissue. Histological study showed the injurious effect of stress on the morphology of pancreatic tissue. Physical exercise protected the pancreas from the negative effects of stress through its anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects, evidenced by increasing pancreatic interleukin 10 and total antioxidant capacity and decreasing pancreatic tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and malondialdehyde with ameliorating most of the histological changes induced by stress exposure. Physical exercise effectively counteracts chronic stress-induced pancreatic changes through different mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman A. Elbassuoni
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, 61111 Egypt
| | - Sara M. Abdel Hafez
- Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, 61111 Egypt
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17
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Mandapathil M, Beier UH, Graefe H, Kröger B, Hedderich J, Maune S, Meyer JE. Differential chemokine expression patterns in tonsillar disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 38:316-322. [PMID: 30197422 PMCID: PMC6146581 DOI: 10.14639/0392-100x-1743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Expression profiles of CXC- and CC-chemokines in various forms of tonsillar disease were studied to evaluate whether certain chemokines play a predominant role in a specific subset of tonsillar disease. Total RNA was isolated from 89 biopsies (21 hyperplastic palatine tonsils, 25 adenoids, 16 chronic inflammatory palatine tonsils and 27 chronic inflammatory palatine tonsils with histological prove of acute inflammation), reverse transcribed and subjected to PCR amplifying IL-8, Gro-alpha, eotaxin-1, eotaxin-2, MCP-3, MCP-4 and RANTES. 2% agarose gel electrophoresis revealed a predominance of IL-8 in the chronic inflammatory palatine tonsil group compared to tonsillar hyperplasia. Furthermore, eotaxin-2 was strongly overexpressed in adenoid samples compared to chronic inflammatory specimens. Our data suggest that the majority of diseases related to adenoid formation are mediated via an eotaxin-2 expression, whereas chronic inflammatory tonsillitis is associated with IL-8 upregulation. These data imply that adenoids are related to a Th-2, and chronic inflammatory tonsillitis to a Th-1 based immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mandapathil
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Asklepios St. Georg, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Marburg, Germany
| | - U H Beier
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA
| | - H Graefe
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Asklepios St. Georg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - B Kröger
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - J Hedderich
- Institute of Medical Informatics and Statistics, University of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - S Maune
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Kliniken Köln, Cologne, Germany
| | - J E Meyer
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Asklepios St. Georg, Hamburg, Germany
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18
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Huber W, Algül H, Lahmer T, Mayr U, Lehmann M, Schmid RM, Faltlhauser A. Pancreatitis cytosorbents (CytoSorb) inflammatory cytokine removal: A Prospective Study (PACIFIC). Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e13044. [PMID: 30681551 PMCID: PMC6358351 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000013044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute pancreatitis (AP) usually has a mild course with a mortality rate below 1%. However, around 10% of patients develop severe AP (SAP) involving extra-pancreatic tissues and other organ systems. The mortality of SAP is around 42%. The outcome of SAP is closely related to the development of systemic inflammation and consecutive organ failures. Most current therapies including fluid resuscitation, antimicrobial therapy, drainage procedures, and endoscopic management of complications are symptomatic rather than causative approaches, except sphincterotomy for gallstone pancreatitis. Regarding the high mortality of SAP and its close association with systemic inflammation, extracorporeal removal of inflammatory mediators is an appealing approach. Several recent studies have demonstrated that the CytoSorb adsorber effectively eliminates inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1ß, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and TNF-alpha. Some of these trials suggested that therapy with CytoSorb might improve outcome, including a reduction in the vasopressor dosage and reversal of shock.Therefore, it is the objective of this study to evaluate the effectiveness of 2 consecutive 24 h-treatments with CytoSorb on hemodynamics in patients with early SAP. METHODS This study includes patients with early SAP (APACHE-II ≥10) and transpulmonary thermodilution hemodynamic monitoring (PiCCO; EV-1000) within a maximum of seven days from the onset of pain. Eligible patients will be treated with 2 consecutive periods of CytoSorb. A 20%-improvement in the vasopressor dependency index (VDI) - which relates is derived from mean arterial pressure (MAP) and catecholamine dosage - is the primary outcome. In addition to this clinical outcome, there are several laboratory (cytokine levels) and translational endpoints (including multiplex-ELISAs of numerous anti- and pro-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines and DNA analyses). Primary outcome analysis will compare the incidence of the primary endpoint in 30 patients from the intervention group to 60 matched controls with advanced hemodynamic monitoring recruited from recent studies in SAP within the same setting and the same centers. DISCUSSION A potential improvement in hemodynamics and/or other outcomes by CytoSorb would provide a new therapeutic option in the early treatment of SAP with a pathophysiological rationale. TRIAL REGISTRATION This study was registered on March 17, 2017 (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03082469). URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03082469. VERSION V_PACIFIC_1.0 September 30, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Huber
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik II, Klinikum rechts der Isar; Technische Universität, München, Ismaninger Straße 22, D-81675 München
| | - Hana Algül
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik II, Klinikum rechts der Isar; Technische Universität, München, Ismaninger Straße 22, D-81675 München
| | - Tobias Lahmer
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik II, Klinikum rechts der Isar; Technische Universität, München, Ismaninger Straße 22, D-81675 München
| | - Ulrich Mayr
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik II, Klinikum rechts der Isar; Technische Universität, München, Ismaninger Straße 22, D-81675 München
| | - Miriam Lehmann
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik II, Klinikum rechts der Isar; Technische Universität, München, Ismaninger Straße 22, D-81675 München
| | - Roland M. Schmid
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik II, Klinikum rechts der Isar; Technische Universität, München, Ismaninger Straße 22, D-81675 München
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19
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Hansen SEJ, Madsen CM, Varbo A, Nordestgaard BG. Low-Grade Inflammation in the Association between Mild-to-Moderate Hypertriglyceridemia and Risk of Acute Pancreatitis: A Study of More Than 115000 Individuals from the General Population. Clin Chem 2018; 65:321-332. [PMID: 30518661 DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2018.294926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND How mild-to-moderate hypertriglyceridemia (2-10 mmol/L; 177-886 mg/dL) potentially causes acute pancreatitis is unknown; however, cellular studies indicate that inflammation might be a driver of disease progression. We tested the hypotheses that (a) mild-to-moderate hypertriglyceridemia is associated with low-grade inflammation and that (b) the association between mild-to-moderate hypertriglyceridemia and risk of acute pancreatitis depends on low-grade inflammation. METHODS From the Copenhagen General Population Study and the Copenhagen City Heart Study, 117865 men and women 20-100+ years of age with measurements of nonfasting plasma triglycerides at baseline were followed prospectively for development of acute pancreatitis. RESULTS After multivariable adjustment, a 1 mmol/L (89 mg/dL) higher nonfasting triglyceride concentration was associated with 17% (95% CI, 16%-18%, P = 3 × 10-17) higher plasma C-reactive protein (CRP) and a 4.2% (4.0%-4.4%, P = 6 × 10-17) higher blood leukocyte count. Higher concentrations of nonfasting triglycerides were associated almost linearly with higher risk of acute pancreatitis (P for trend = 5 × 10-6), with hazard ratios of 1.5 (95% CI, 0.9-2.5), 2.0 (95% CI, 1.1-3.6), 2.2 (95% CI, 1.0-4.7), 4.2 (95% CI, 1.6-11.5), and 7.7 (95% CI, 3.0-19.8) in individuals with nonfasting triglycerides of 1.00-1.99 mmol/L (89-176 mg/dL; 46% of the population), 2.00-2.99 mmol/L (177-265 mg/dL; 17%), 3.00-3.99 mmol/L (266-353 mg/dL; 6%), 4.00-4.99 mmol/L (354-442 mg/dL; 2%), and ≥5mmol/L(443 mg/dL; 2%), respectively, vs individuals with <1 mmol/L (89 mg/dL; 27%). The association with risk of acute pancreatitis appeared more pronounced in individuals with CRP of ≥1.39 mg/L (P for trend = 0.001) and leukocytes of ≥7 × 109/L (P = 2 × 10-4) than in those with CRP <1.39 mg/L (P = 0.03) and leukocytes <7 × 109/L (P = 0.04); however, there was no formal evidence of statistical interaction (P = 0.38 for CRP and P = 0.41 for leukocytes). CONCLUSIONS Mild-to-moderate hypertriglyceridemia is associated with low-grade inflammation and higher risk of acute pancreatitis. The association between mild-to-moderate hypertriglyceridemia and risk of acute pancreatitis is possibly partly mediated by low-grade inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Signe E J Hansen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark.,The Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian M Madsen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark.,The Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anette Varbo
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark.,The Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Børge G Nordestgaard
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark; .,The Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,The Copenhagen City Heart Study, Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Frederiksberg, Denmark
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20
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Tiruveedi VL, Bale S, Khurana A, Godugu C. Withaferin A, a novel compound of Indian ginseng (Withania somnifera), ameliorates Cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis: Possible role of oxidative stress and inflammation. Phytother Res 2018; 32:2586-2596. [PMID: 30307087 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 07/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis is an inflammatory disorder of the pancreas that may precipitate due to various reasons such as chronic alcoholism, gall stone obstruction, and life style. Current treatment options offer limited efficacy, as they provide only symptomatic relief. This study is an attempt to study the effects of Withaferin A (WFA) against Cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis in mice. Animals were pretreated with WFA via intraperitoneal route, for 7 days. Plasma amylase and lipase, tissue malondialdehyde (MDA), and glutathione were evaluated for all groups. Western blot analysis; haematoxylin and eosin staining of the liver, lung, and pancreas; immunohistochemistry for nitrotyrosine; and myeloperoxidase activity were performed. Haematoxylin and eosin stained sections significantly revealed the altered architecture and thereby damage in the pancreas, lungs, and liver that has been low in treatment groups. Increased myeloperoxidase and nitrotyrosine have also been reduced upon treatment with WFA. Increased levels of MDA, NO, and expression of myeloperoxidase and nitrotyrosine in the parameters estimated add evidence to the role of oxidative stress and inflammation in acute pancreatitis. WFA evidently altered these conditions upon pretreatment. Our study shows that this novel steroidal compound has potent anti-inflammatory property. Natural compounds can therefore be good remedies against many diseases if incorporated in routine diet as dietary supplement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijaya Lakshmi Tiruveedi
- Department of Regulatory Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Swarna Bale
- Department of Regulatory Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Amit Khurana
- Department of Regulatory Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Chandraiah Godugu
- Department of Regulatory Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
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21
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Accelerating the Drug Delivery Pipeline for Acute and Chronic Pancreatitis-Knowledge Gaps and Research Opportunities: Overview Summary of a National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Workshop. Pancreas 2018; 47:1180-1184. [PMID: 30325855 PMCID: PMC6201320 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000001176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A workshop was sponsored by the Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, on July 25, 2018, in Pittsburgh, Penn. The workshop was designed to bring together a multidisciplinary group of experts to accelerate the development of therapeutics for clinical application in inflammatory diseases of the exocrine pancreas. Three separate working groups (acute pancreatitis, recurrent acute pancreatitis, and chronic pancreatitis) were formed to address the needs, gaps, and opportunities. The working groups included patients with pancreatic diseases, pharmaceutical company leaders, basic scientists, clinical researchers, and representatives from the US Food and Drug Administration to assist with regulatory considerations and to identify the unmet needs, research targets, and opportunities to provide direction for successful development of therapeutic agents in these diseases. This article represents the summary of the overview presentations at the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases workshop including an ongoing drug trial in acute pancreatitis; a successful drug development network developed by the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation; and considerations for subject selection in drug trials, incorporating Food and Drug Administration guidelines on clinical trial design and clinical outcome measures. The summaries of each working group follow separately in accompanying articles.
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22
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Accelerating the Drug Delivery Pipeline for Acute and Chronic Pancreatitis: Summary of the Working Group on Drug Development and Trials in Acute Pancreatitis at the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Workshop. Pancreas 2018; 47:1185-1192. [PMID: 30325856 PMCID: PMC6692135 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000001175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A workshop was sponsored by the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases to focus on research gaps and opportunities on drug development for pancreatitis. This conference was held on July 25, 2018, and structured into 3 working groups (WG): acute pancreatitis (AP) WG, recurrent AP WG, and chronic pancreatitis WG. This article reports the outcome of the work accomplished by the AP WG to provide the natural history, epidemiology, and current management of AP; inform about the role of preclinical models in therapy selection; and discuss clinical trial designs with clinical and patient-reported outcomes to test new therapies.
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23
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Klieser E, Swierczynski S, Mayr C, Schmidt J, Neureiter D, Kiesslich T, Illig R. Role of histone deacetylases in pancreas: Implications for pathogenesis and therapy. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2015; 7:473-483. [PMID: 26691388 PMCID: PMC4678394 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v7.i12.473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Revised: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last years, our knowledge of the pathogenesis in acute and chronic pancreatitis (AP/CP) as well as in pancreatic cancerogenesis has significantly diversified. Nevertheless, the medicinal therapeutic options are still limited and therapeutic success and patient outcome are poor. Epigenetic deregulation of gene expression is known to contribute to development and progression of AP and CP as well as of pancreatic cancer. Therefore, the selective inhibition of aberrantly active epigenetic regulators can be an effective option for future therapies. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are enzymes that remove an acetyl group from histone tails, thereby causing chromatin compaction and repression of transcription. In this review we present an overview of the currently available literature addressing the role of HDACs in the pancreas and in pancreatic diseases. In pancreatic cancerogenesis, HDACs play a role in the important process of epithelial-mesenchymal-transition, ubiquitin-proteasome pathway and, hypoxia-inducible-factor-1-angiogenesis. Finally, we focus on HDACs as potential therapeutic targets by summarizing currently available histone deacetylase inhibitors.
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Weng YC, Fan JQ. Protective effect of TMP on pancreas function of acute pancreatitis rats. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtm.2015.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Luo H, Bhatt H, Mohamad S, Uhrik E, Sen S, Mathew T, Yousif A. Acute pancreatitis: possible association of dimethyl fumarate for the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. J Neurol 2015; 262:779-80. [DOI: 10.1007/s00415-015-7649-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Revised: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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