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Wang K, Tang J, Fan S, Su H, Yu R, Zhang Y, Wu H, Lv Y, Zhang S, Zou X. ABBV-744 induces autophagy in gastric cancer cells by regulating PI3K/AKT/mTOR/p70S6k and MAPK signaling pathways. Neoplasia 2023; 45:100936. [PMID: 37769529 PMCID: PMC10539879 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2023.100936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
The mortality rates of gastric cancer remain high due to limited therapeutic strategies. As a highly selective inhibitor of the BD2 domain of BET family proteins, ABBV-744 has potent chemotherapeutic activity against various human solid tumors. However, whether ABBV-744 has potential anti-tumor effects in gastric cancer remain largely unknown. In this study, we evaluated the effect of ABBV-744 on gastric cancer cells and explored the possible underlying mechanisms. We found that ABBV-744 inhibited the growth of gastric cancer cells and patient-derived tumor organoids in a dose-dependent manner. Cellular experiments revealed that ABBV-744 induced mitochondria damage, reactive oxygen species accumulation, cell cycle arrest and apoptotic cell death in gastric cancer cells. Transcriptomic analysis using RNA-sequencing data identified autophagy as a crucial pathway involved in the cell death caused by ABBV-744. Mechanically, further studies showed that ABBV-744 induced autophagy flux in gastric cancer cells by inactivating PI3K/AKT/mTOR/p70S6k and activating the MAPK signaling pathways. In vivo mouse xenograft studies demonstrated that ABBV-744 significantly suppressed the growth of gastric cancer cells via inducing autophagy. Taken together, our results suggest that ABBV-744 is a novel drug candidate for gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, No. 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210008 Jiangsu, China; Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Nanjing University Institute of Pancreatology, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiatong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shengxian Fan
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School.Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haochen Su
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ranran Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yixuan Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying Lv
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, No. 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210008 Jiangsu, China; Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Nanjing University Institute of Pancreatology, Nanjing, China; Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China.
| | - Shu Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, No. 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210008 Jiangsu, China; Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Nanjing University Institute of Pancreatology, Nanjing, China; Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China.
| | - Xiaoping Zou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, No. 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210008 Jiangsu, China; Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Nanjing University Institute of Pancreatology, Nanjing, China; Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China; Department of Gastroenterology, Affilated Taikang Xianlin Drum Tower Hospital, Medical school of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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De Marco K, Sanese P, Simone C, Grossi V. Histone and DNA Methylation as Epigenetic Regulators of DNA Damage Repair in Gastric Cancer and Emerging Therapeutic Opportunities. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4976. [PMID: 37894343 PMCID: PMC10605360 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15204976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC), one of the most common malignancies worldwide, is a heterogeneous disease developing from the accumulation of genetic and epigenetic changes. One of the most critical epigenetic alterations in GC is DNA and histone methylation, which affects multiple processes in the cell nucleus, including gene expression and DNA damage repair (DDR). Indeed, the aberrant expression of histone methyltransferases and demethylases influences chromatin accessibility to the DNA repair machinery; moreover, overexpression of DNA methyltransferases results in promoter hypermethylation, which can suppress the transcription of genes involved in DNA repair. Several DDR mechanisms have been recognized so far, with homologous recombination (HR) being the main pathway involved in the repair of double-strand breaks. An increasing number of defective HR genes are emerging in GC, resulting in the identification of important determinants of therapeutic response to DDR inhibitors. This review describes how both histone and DNA methylation affect DDR in the context of GC and discusses how alterations in DDR can help identify new molecular targets to devise more effective therapeutic strategies for GC, with a particular focus on HR-deficient tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katia De Marco
- Medical Genetics, National Institute of Gastroenterology—IRCCS “Saverio de Bellis” Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy; (K.D.M.); (P.S.)
| | - Paola Sanese
- Medical Genetics, National Institute of Gastroenterology—IRCCS “Saverio de Bellis” Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy; (K.D.M.); (P.S.)
| | - Cristiano Simone
- Medical Genetics, National Institute of Gastroenterology—IRCCS “Saverio de Bellis” Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy; (K.D.M.); (P.S.)
- Medical Genetics, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Jonic Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Valentina Grossi
- Medical Genetics, National Institute of Gastroenterology—IRCCS “Saverio de Bellis” Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy; (K.D.M.); (P.S.)
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Loe AKH, Zhu L, Kim TH. Chromatin and noncoding RNA-mediated mechanisms of gastric tumorigenesis. Exp Mol Med 2023; 55:22-31. [PMID: 36653445 PMCID: PMC9898530 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-00926-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common and deadly cancers in the world. It is a multifactorial disease highly influenced by environmental factors, which include radiation, smoking, diet, and infectious pathogens. Accumulating evidence suggests that epigenetic regulators are frequently altered in GC, playing critical roles in gastric tumorigenesis. Epigenetic regulation involves DNA methylation, histone modification, and noncoding RNAs. While it is known that environmental factors cause widespread alterations in DNA methylation, promoting carcinogenesis, the chromatin- and noncoding RNA-mediated mechanisms of gastric tumorigenesis are still poorly understood. In this review, we focus on discussing recent discoveries addressing the roles of histone modifiers and noncoding RNAs and the mechanisms of their interactions in gastric tumorigenesis. A better understanding of epigenetic regulation would likely facilitate the development of novel therapeutic approaches targeting specific epigenetic regulators in GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Kwan Ho Loe
- grid.42327.300000 0004 0473 9646Program in Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4 Canada ,grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8 Canada
| | - Lexin Zhu
- grid.42327.300000 0004 0473 9646Program in Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4 Canada ,grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8 Canada
| | - Tae-Hee Kim
- Program in Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada. .,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada.
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Targeting emerging cancer hallmarks by transition metal complexes: Epigenetic reprogramming and epitherapies. Part II. Coord Chem Rev 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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5
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Sukri A, Hanafiah A, Kosai NR. The Roles of Immune Cells in Gastric Cancer: Anti-Cancer or Pro-Cancer? Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14163922. [PMID: 36010915 PMCID: PMC9406374 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14163922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Gastric cancer is still one of the leading causes of death caused by cancer in developing countries. The emerging role of immunotherapy in cancer treatment has led to more research to elucidate the roles of essential immune cells in gastric cancer prognosis. We reviewed the roles of immune cells including T cells, B cells, dendritic cells, macrophages and natural killer cells in gastric cancer. Although the studies conducted on the roles of immune cells in gastric cancer pathogenesis produced conflicting results, understanding the roles of immune cells in gastric cancer will help us to harness them for application in immunotherapy for better prognosis and management of gastric cancer patients. Abstract Despite the fact that the incidence of gastric cancer has declined over the last decade, it is still the world’s leading cause of cancer-related death. The diagnosis of early gastric cancer is difficult, as symptoms of this cancer only manifest at a late stage of cancer progression. Thus, the prognosis of gastric cancer is poor, and the current treatment for improving patients’ outcomes involves the application of surgery and chemotherapy. Immunotherapy is one of the most recent therapies for gastric cancer, whereby the immune system of the host is programmed to combat cancer cells, and the therapy differs based upon the patient’s immune system. However, an understanding of the role of immune cells, namely the cell-mediated immune response and the humoral immune response, is pertinent for applications of immunotherapy. The roles of immune cells in the prognosis of gastric cancer have yielded conflicting results. This review discusses the roles of immune cells in gastric cancer pathogenesis, specifically, T cells, B cells, macrophages, natural killer cells, and dendritic cells, as well as the evidence presented thus far. Understanding how cancer cells interact with immune cells is of paramount importance in designing treatment options for gastric cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asif Sukri
- Integrative Pharmacogenomics Institute (iPROMISE), Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Bandar Puncak Alam, Shah Alam 43200, Malaysia
| | - Alfizah Hanafiah
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
- Correspondence:
| | - Nik Ritza Kosai
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
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Liu C, Hao D, Ai M, Zhang Y, Li J, Xu C. The long non-coding RNA UPAT promotes gastric cancer cell progression via UHRF1. Genes Genomics 2022; 44:1283-1300. [PMID: 35294719 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-022-01235-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND LncRNA ubiquitin-like with PHD and RING finger domains 1 (UHRF1) protein associated transcript (UPAT) regulates the progression of many cancers. However, its role in gastric cancer (GC) is less frequently reported. OBJECTIVE In the context of the promoting effect of lncRNA on modulating GC progression, detailed insights into the role and underlying mechanism of UPAT in GC are the foothold in this study. METHODS Overall survival was calculated. The mRNA expressions of UPAT and UHRF1 were measured by qRT-PCR, and the protein expressions of UHRF1, Cyclin D1 and cleaved caspase-3 were determined by western blot. Cell viability, growth, migration and invasion were assessed by CCK-8, colony formation, wound healing and Transwell assays, respectively. Apoptosis rate and cell cycle were assayed by flow cytometry. RESULTS UPAT was overexpressed in GC tissue and cell lines. Decreased UPAT level was associated with higher overall survival. Down-regulation of UPAT diminished cell proliferation, Cyclin D1 expression, and migration and invasion rates, increased apoptosis rate and cleaved caspase-3 expression, and blocked cell cycle in AGS and NCI-N87 cells. UPAT expression in GC was positively correlated with UHRF1 expression. UHRF1 overexpression offset the inhibitory effects of UPAT down-regulation on cell proliferation, migration, invasion and cell cycle, and partially reversed the positive effect of UPAT down-regulation on apoptosis. CONCLUSION UPAT might positively regulate the progression of GC via interacting with UHRF1. The UHRF1/UPAT axis revealed in the present study may provide a promising approach to intervene in the progression of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoyong Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, No. 8, Hangkong Road, Shashi District, Jingzhou City, 434000, Hubei, China
| | - De Hao
- Blood Purification Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou City, 434000, Hubei, China
| | - Minghua Ai
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, No. 8, Hangkong Road, Shashi District, Jingzhou City, 434000, Hubei, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, No. 8, Hangkong Road, Shashi District, Jingzhou City, 434000, Hubei, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, No. 8, Hangkong Road, Shashi District, Jingzhou City, 434000, Hubei, China
| | - Chao Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, No. 8, Hangkong Road, Shashi District, Jingzhou City, 434000, Hubei, China.
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Yu H, Li E, Liu S, Wu Z, Gao F. Identification of Signature Genes in the PD-1 Relative Gastric Cancer Using a Combined Analysis of Gene Expression and Methylation Data. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:4994815. [PMID: 36568638 PMCID: PMC9780002 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4994815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The morbidity and mortality rates for gastric cancer (GC) rank second among all cancers, indicating the serious threat it poses to human health, as well as human life. This study aims to identify the pathways and genes as well as investigate the molecular mechanisms of tumor-related genes in gastric cancer (GC). METHOD We compared differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially methylated genes (DMGs) in gastric cancer and normal tissue samples using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genome (KEGG) and the Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis' pathway annotations were conducted on DMGs and DEGs using a clusterProfiler R package to identify the important functions, as well as the biological processes and pathways involved. The intersection of the two was chosen and defined as differentially methylated and expressed genes (DMEGs). For DMEGs, we used the principal component analysis (PCA) to differentiate gastric cancer from adjacent samples. The linear discriminant analysis method was applied to categorize the samples using DMEGs methylation data and DMEGs expression profiles data and was validated using the leave-one-out cross-validation (LOOCV) method. We plotted the ROC curve for the classification and calculated the AUC (area under the ROC curve) value for a more intuitive view of the classification effect. We also used the NetworkAnalyst 3.0 tool to analyze DMEGs, using DrugBank to acquire information on protein-drug interactions and generate a network map of gene-drug interactions. RESULTS We identified a total of 971 DMGs in 188 PD-1 negative and 187 PD-1 positive gastric cancer samples obtained from TCGA. The KEGG and GO enrichment analysis showed the involvement of the regulation of ion transmembrane transport, collagen-containing extracellular matrix, cell-cell junction, and peptidase regulator activity. We simultaneously obtained 1,189 DEGs, out of which 986 were downregulated, while 203 were upregulated in tumors. The enriched analysis of the GO's and KEGG's pathways indicated that the most significant pathways included an intestinal immune network for IgA production, Staphylococcus aureus infection, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, and viral protein interaction with cytokine and cytokine receptor, which have previously been linked with gastric cancer. The compound DB01830 can bind well to the active site of the LCK protein and shows good stability, thus making it a potential inhibitor of the LCK protein. To observe the relationship between DMEGs' expression and prognosis, we observed 10 genes, among which were TRIM29, TSPAN8, EOMES, PPP1R16B, SELL, PCED1B, IYD, JPH1, CEACAM5, and RP11-44K6.2. Their high expressions were related to high risks. Besides, those genes were validated in different internal and external validation sets. CONCLUSION These results may provide potential molecular biological therapy for PD-1 negative gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Yu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Meizhou People's Hospital, Huangtang Road, Meijiang District, Meizhou 514031, Guangdong Province, China
| | - En Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Meizhou People's Hospital, Huangtang Road, Meijiang District, Meizhou 514031, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Sha Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Meizhou People's Hospital, Huangtang Road, Meijiang District, Meizhou 514031, Guangdong Province, China
| | - ZuGuang Wu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Meizhou People's Hospital, Huangtang Road, Meijiang District, Meizhou 514031, Guangdong Province, China
| | - FenFei Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Road, Shantou 515041, Guangdong Province, China
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Qu Y, Gao N, Wu T. Expression and clinical significance of SYNE1 and MAGI2 gene promoter methylation in gastric cancer. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e23788. [PMID: 33530176 PMCID: PMC7850698 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000023788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is the fifth most common cancer and the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality globally. Abnormal DNA methylation is closely related to gastric cancer. The purpose of the study was to investigate the methylation of the SYNE1 and MAGI2 gene promoter and its relationship with the clinical-pathological factors, chemotherapy efficacy, and survival, thus providing a new biomarker for the prognosis and chemotherapy efficacy in gastric cancer.The methylation status of SYNE1 and MAGI2 in gastric cancer and adjacent tissues was detected by MSP method in 70 cases of advanced gastric cancer paraffin specimens.The methylation rate of the SYNE1 and MAGI2 gene promoter region was higher in gastric cancer tissues compared with adjacent tissues. The methylation status of SYNE1 was associated with the age at diagnosis and the size of the primary tumors, but no clinical or pathological factors have been found to be related with the methylation status of MAGI2 promoter. A high level of SYNE1 promoter methylation was associated with poorer chemotherapy efficacy in recurrent patients with gastric cancer. Thirty-three percent of the 70 patients exhibited highly methylated MAGI2; in this group, the median progression-free survival time was 4.1 months, shorter than those with negative methylated MAGI2 whose PFS was 5.1 months.MAGI2 is more methylated in gastric cancer than in adjacent tissues suggesting that hypermethylation changes in MAGI2 may be one of the mechanisms of tumorigenesis in gastric cancer. The methylation status of the SYNE1 and MAGI2 promoter regions may affect the chemotherapy efficacy of advanced gastric cancer. The prognosis of MAGI2-negative patients was better than that of positive ones, suggesting that MAGI2 may be an independent prognostic factor for PFS in patients with advanced gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Qu
- Department of Oncology, the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University
| | - Na Gao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Tao Wu
- Department of Oncology, the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University
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Sanaei M, Kavoosi F. Effect of 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine on Estrogen Receptor Alpha/Beta and DNA Methyltransferase 1 Genes Expression, Apoptosis Induction, and Cell Growth Prevention of the Colon Cancer HT 29 Cell Line. Int J Prev Med 2020; 11:147. [PMID: 33209217 PMCID: PMC7643574 DOI: 10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_140_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Cellular activity such as gene expression is regulated by epigenetic mechanisms and modifications. In mammals, DNA methylation is an essential component of the epigenetic machinery of the cells. DNA hypermethylation of the several tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) is associated with transcriptional gene silencing resulting in colon tumorigenesis. Overexpression of DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) in colon cancer has been reported in several studies. The methylation of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) have been demonstrated in various cancers. Previously, we indicated that genistein can reactivate ERα in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The present study was designed to investigate the effect of 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine (5-aza-CdR) on ERα/ERβ and DNMT1 gene expression, apoptosis induction, and cell viability inhibition of the colon carcinoma HT 29 cell line. Methods: The effect of 5-Aza-CdR on the colon carcinoma HT 29 cell viability was measured by MTT assay. To determine the apoptotic cells, the cells were assessed using the Annexin V-FITC/PI detection kit. The expression of ERα, ERβ, and DNMT1 genes was determined using real-time quantitative RT-PCR. Results: The results indicated that 5-Aza-CdR can inhibit cell growth significantly versus control groups, induce significant apoptosis, down-regulate DNMT1, and up-regulate ERα and ERβ genes expression at different time periods. The percentage of apoptotic cells was 85.83% and 86.84% after 24 and 48 h, respectively (P < 0.01). The IC50 value for 5-Aza-CdR was obtained at 2.5 μM. Conclusions: 5-Aza-CdR can up-regulate ERα and ERβ genes expression through DNMT1 down-regulation resulting in apoptosis induction and cell growth prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masumeh Sanaei
- Research Center for Non-Communicable Diseases, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Fars Province, Iran
| | - Fraidoon Kavoosi
- Research Center for Non-Communicable Diseases, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Fars Province, Iran
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Asgharzadeh S, Tafvizi F, Chaleshi V, Iravani S. Lack of association between LincRNA-Pou3f gene expression and clinicopathological features in gastric cancer tissue. GENE REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2020.100700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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11
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Shan TD, Tian ZB, Li Q, Jiang YP, Liu FG, Sun XG, Han Y, Sun LJ, Chen L. Long intergenic noncoding RNA 00908 promotes proliferation and inhibits apoptosis of colorectal cancer cells by regulating KLF5 expression. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:889-899. [PMID: 33020901 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Long intergenic noncoding RNAs (lincRNAs) play a vital role in the occurrence and progression of cancer. The mechanism of lincRNAs in colorectal cancer (CRC) has not been fully elucidated. In this context, an integrated comparative long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) microarray technology was used to determine the expression profile of lncRNAs in CRC. The roles of LINC00908 are unclear. We found that LINC00908 was significantly upregulated in CRC. Inhibition of LINC00908 resulted in reduced cell proliferation and G1 cell cycle arrest, which was mediated by cyclin D1, cyclin-dependent kinase 4, and phosphorylated retinoblastoma. Moreover, inhibition of LINC00908-induced apoptosis through the intrinsic apoptosis signaling pathway, as shown by the activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3. Mechanistically, miR-143-3p directly bound to LINC00908. miR-143-3p expression was negatively correlated with LINC00908 expression in CRC tissue. Functional experiments revealed opposing roles for miR-143-3p and LINC00908, suggesting that LINC00908 negatively regulates miR-143-3p. Mechanistically, miR-143-3p directly targets LINC00908. The KLF5 inhibitor ML264 affected proliferation and apoptosis, indicating that LINC00908 may act as a competing endogenous RNA to facilitate the expression of the miR-143-3p target gene KLF5. Thus, LINC00908 has an important proliferative and antiapoptotic role in CRC by regulating the cell cycle and intrinsic apoptosis. LINC00908 could be a potential biomarker and a new therapeutic target for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ti-Dong Shan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zi-Bin Tian
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yue-Ping Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Fu-Guo Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xue-Guo Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yue Han
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Li-Juan Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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Abstract
Gastric cancer is an active topic of clinical and basic research due to high morbidity and mortality. To date, gastrectomy and chemotherapy are the only therapeutic options for gastric cancer patients, but drug resistance, either acquired or primary, is the main cause for treatment failure. Differences in development and response to cancer treatments have been observed among ethnically diverse GC patient populations. In spite of major incidence, GC Asian patients have a significantly better prognosis and response to treatments than Caucasian ones due to genetic discordances between the two populations. Gene therapy could be an alternative strategy to overcome such issues and especially CRISPR/Cas9 represents one of the most intriguing gene-editing system. Thus, in this review article, we want to provide an update on the currently used therapies for the treatment of advanced GC. Graphical abstract.
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13
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Wu S, Wu E, Wang D, Niu Y, Yue H, Zhang D, Luo J, Chen R. LncRNA HRCEG, regulated by HDAC1, inhibits cells proliferation and epithelial-mesenchymal-transition in gastric cancer. Cancer Genet 2020; 241:25-33. [PMID: 31964588 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2019.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Revised: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recently, a number of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been reported to play significant roles in human tumorigenesis. However, only few gastric cancer related lncRNAs have been well characterized. Here, we identified one lncRNA HRCEG, whose expression was decreased in the gastric cancer tissues compared with adjacent normal tissues. Overexpression of HRCEG significantly promoted cell apoptosis and inhibited cell proliferation. Importantly, we demonstrated that HRCEG levels inversely correlated with EMT process and HRCEG was regulated by the histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) in gastric cancer. These findings suggest that HRCEG might be regulated by HDAC1 to inhibit gastric cancer progress and metastatic capability via EMT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuheng Wu
- Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Erzhong Wu
- Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Dongpeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yiwei Niu
- Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Haiyan Yue
- Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Dongdong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Jianjun Luo
- Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Runsheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Guangdong Geneway Decoding Bio-Tech Co. Ltd, Foshan, 528316, China.
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14
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He Y, Liu C, Song P, Pang Z, Mo Z, Huang C, Yan T, Sun M, Fa X. Investigation of miRNA- and lncRNA-mediated competing endogenous RNA network in cholangiocarcinoma. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:5283-5293. [PMID: 31612038 PMCID: PMC6781644 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a biliary malignancy which is prone to lymphatic metastasis and has a high mortality rate. This disease lacks effective therapeutic targets and prognostic molecular biomarkers. The aim of the current study was to investigate differentially expressed genes and elucidate their association with CCA and the underlying mechanisms of action. mRNAs, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) obtained from 36 CCA samples and nine normal samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas were integrated. Subsequently, 1,095 differentially expressed (DE) mRNAs and 75 DE miRNAs were identified using a threshold of |log2 fold change|>2 and an adjusted P<0.01. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis was used to identify the DEmRNAs that could be key target genes in CCA. A total of 12 hub DEmRNAs were identified as targetable genes. Furthermore, the hub DEmRNAs-DElncRNAs pairs were identified using the miRTarBase and miRcode databases. Cytoscape software was used to construct and visualize the protein-protein interactions and the competing endogenous RNA network. Survival time analysis and correlation analysis were used to further evaluate the hub genes. The results obtained in the current study suggested that spalt like transcription factor 3 and OPCML intronic transcript 1 may serve an important role in the development and progression of CCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxin He
- Department of Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450014, P.R. China
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450014, P.R. China
| | - Pan Song
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450014, P.R. China
| | - Zhigang Pang
- Department of Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450014, P.R. China
| | - Zhuomao Mo
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Jinan University, Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - Chuiguo Huang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450014, P.R. China
| | - Tingting Yan
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, P.R. China
| | - Meng Sun
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450014, P.R. China
| | - Xianen Fa
- Department of Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450014, P.R. China
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15
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Xu J, Wang Z, Lu W, Jiang H, Lu J, Qiu J, Ye G. EZH2 promotes gastric cancer cells proliferation by repressing p21 expression. Pathol Res Pract 2019; 215:152374. [PMID: 30952377 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Revised: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
EZH2 is a core component of the polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2), which catalyzes trimethylation of histone H3 lysine 27 (H3K27me3) and promotes carcinogenesis by epigenetically silencing many tumor suppressor genes. Increased EZH2 expression is a marker of advanced and metastatic in many cancers, including lung, prostate and breast cancer, and it has been considered as a potential novel therapeutic target. However, the clinical significance and molecular mechanisms of EZH2 controlling gastric cancer cell proliferation and invasion are not well documented. In this study, immunohistochemical analysis was conducted to investigate the EZH2 expression in gastric cancer. We found that EZH2 levels were increased in gastric cancer tissues compared with adjacent normal tissues. Moreover, patients with high levels of EZH2 expression had a relatively poor prognosis. Furthermore, knockdown of EZH2 expression by siRNA could impair cell proliferation and invasion both in vitro and vivo. Finally, we found that EZH2 influences gastric cancer cells proliferation partly through regulating p21 expression. Our findings present that EZH2 over-expression can be identified as a poor prognostic biomarker in gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiewei Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Huzhou Central Hospital, Huzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Huzhou Central Hospital, Huzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Lu
- Department of General Surgery, Huzhou Central Hospital, Huzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, Huzhou Central Hospital, Huzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Lu
- Department of General Surgery, Huzhou Central Hospital, Huzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Qiu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Huzhou Central Hospital, Huzhou, 313000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Guochao Ye
- Department of General Surgery, Huzhou Central Hospital, Huzhou, People's Republic of China.
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16
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Lou H, Pan H, Huang Z, Wang Z, Wang D. Inhibition of G9a promoted 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) induced gastric cancer cell apoptosisviaROS/JNK signaling pathwayin vitroandin vivo. RSC Adv 2019; 9:14662-14669. [PMID: 35516300 PMCID: PMC9064134 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra10502b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
A histone methyltransferase G9a, encoded by euchromatic histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2 (EHMT2), is up-regulated in various cancers, and is involved in their poor prognosis. In the study reported here, the abnormal expression of G9a in gastric cancer it was investigated in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, the expression of G9a was revealed to have a negative correlation with chemotherapy response in gastric cancer patients. Next, the effect of G9a knockdown on fluorouracil (5-FU) induced cell apoptosis in gastric cancer cells was focused on. The results demonstrated that G9a knockdown significantly activated the expression level of phospho c-Jun N-terminal kinase (p-JNK) and increased the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in the gastric cancer cells. Inhibition of the ROS/JNK signaling partial reversed the effect of G9a knockdown on 5-FU treated gastric cancer cells. Down-regulation of G9a enhanced the sensitivity of 5-FU to the gastric cancer cells in vitro and in vivo, which was involved in the activation of the ROS/JNK signaling pathway. These results demonstrated that G9a could play a critical role in the sensitivity of chemotherapy for gastric cancer and might be a novel method for treating gastric cancer in the clinic. A histone methyltransferase G9a, encoded by euchromatic histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2 (EHMT2), is up-regulated in various cancers, and is involved in their poor prognosis.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Haizhou Lou
- Department of Medical Oncology
- Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital
- School of Medicine
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou
| | - Hongming Pan
- Department of Medical Oncology
- Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital
- School of Medicine
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou
| | - Zhijian Huang
- Department of Abdominal Surgery
- Fujian Cancer Hospital
- Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital
- Fuzhou
- China
| | - Zonglin Wang
- College of Basic Medical Sciences
- Second Military Medical University
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Dimin Wang
- College of Basic Medical Sciences
- Second Military Medical University
- Shanghai
- China
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17
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Expression profiles of histone modification genes in gastric cancer progression. Mol Biol Rep 2018; 45:2275-2282. [PMID: 30250993 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-018-4389-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) development can be attributed to several risk factors including atrophic gastritis (AG), intestinal metaplasia (IM), and the presence of Helicobacter pylori (HP). Also, histone modification is an epigenetic mechanism that plays a pivotal role in GC carcinogenesis. In this preliminary study, we aimed to describe the expression profiles of histone modification in the AG, IM, and GC patient groups. A total of 80 patients with AG (n = 27), IM (n = 25), and GC (n = 28) with an additional 20 control subjects were included in the study. Expression profiles of three histone phosphorylation genes (PAK1, NEK6, and AURKA) and five histone deacetylation genes (HDACs 1, 2, 3, 5, and 7) were examined based on the results of Real Time qPCR method. It was observed that AURKA and HDAC2 genes were significantly overexpressed in all groups compared to the control (P < 0.05). In GC patients, overexpression of HDAC2 gene was detected in the absence of metastasis, and overexpression of AURKA, HDAC2, and NEK6 genes was detected in the presence of metastasis. When cancer involvements were compared, significant overexpression of the HDAC2 gene was noted in overall and corpus involvements (P < 0.05). In addition, overexpression of AURKA, NEK6, HDAC1, and HDAC2 genes and underexpression of HDAC5 gene were detected in the antrum involvement (P < 0.05). In conclusion, decreased expression of HDAC5 in GC is reported for the first time in this study, while supporting the existing literature in AURKA, NEK6, HDAC1, and HDAC2 up regulations during GC development.
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18
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Zhu YP, Sheng LL, Wu J, Yang M, Cheng XF, Wu NN, Ye XB, Cai J, Wang L, Shen Q, Wu JQ. Loss of ARID1A expression is associated with poor prognosis in patients with gastric cancer. Hum Pathol 2018; 78:28-35. [PMID: 29689245 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2018.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Deletion of the frequently mutated AT-rich interacting domain-containing protein 1A (ARID1A), an SWI/SNF subunit, is associated with poor prognosis in various tumors. This study observed and analyzed ARID1A expression and its correlation with prognosis in gastric carcinoma. Postoperative sections of 98 patients with primary gastric cancer and 40 patients with gastric benign lesions were examined by immunohistochemistry. ARID1A deficiency was observed in 19.39% of gastric cancer tissues, 4.08% of matched paracancerous tissues, and 2.5% of normal gastric mucosa tissues. ARID1A expression was significantly down-regulated in gastric cancer tissues compared with paracancerous tissues (P = .001) and normal gastric mucosa tissues (P = .011). ARID1A deletion significantly correlated with tumor size (P = .022), lymph node metastasis (P = .030), and tumor differentiation (P = .009). In the 90 gastric cancer tissues with tumor stages II and III, the clinical outcome of the ARID1A-negative patients was significantly poorer than that of the ARID1A-positive patients (P = .005). Univariate analysis revealed that tumor invasion depth (P = .025), stage (P = .032), poor differentiation (P = .046), lymph node metastasis (P = .038), and ARID1A expression (P = .023) were significantly related to the overall survival of gastric cancer patients. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that tumor invasion depth (P = .029) and ARID1A expression (P = .031) were independent factors that indicate poor prognosis. In conclusion, the loss of ARID1A expression in gastric cancer patients significantly correlated with poor survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ping Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Yijishan Hospital, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, China
| | - Li Li Sheng
- Department of Oncology, Yijishan Hospital, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006,China
| | - Mo Yang
- Department of Oncology, Yijishan Hospital, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, China
| | - Xian Feng Cheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hospital of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, China
| | - Ning Ni Wu
- Department of Oncology, Yijishan Hospital, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, China
| | - Xiao Bing Ye
- Department of Oncology, Yijishan Hospital, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, China
| | - Juan Cai
- Department of Oncology, Yijishan Hospital, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Oncology, Yijishan Hospital, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, China
| | - Qian Shen
- Department of Oncology, Nantong Cancer Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu 226000, China.
| | - Jian Qiu Wu
- Department of Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, China.
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19
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Puneet, Kazmi HR, Kumari S, Tiwari S, Khanna A, Narayan G. Epigenetic Mechanisms and Events in Gastric Cancer-Emerging Novel Biomarkers. Pathol Oncol Res 2018; 24:757-770. [PMID: 29552712 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-018-0410-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Gastric cancer is one of the most common malignancy worldwide. The various genetic and epigenetic events have been found to be associated with its carcinogenesis. The epigenetic is a heritable and transient/reversible change in the gene expression that is not accompanied by modification in the DNA sequence. This event is characterized by the alteration in the promoter CpG island of the gene or histone modification. These events are associated with silencing of critical tumor suppressor gene and activation of oncogenes leading to carcinogenesis. The DNA methylation is a chemical change in the DNA sequence that most commonly occurs at cytosine moiety of CpG dinucleotide and histone, primarily on N- terminal tail that ultimately effect the interaction of DNA with chromatin modifying protein.Hypermethylation of tumor suppressor genes and global hypomethylation of oncogenes are widely studied epigenetic modifications. There are large number of publish reports regarding epigenetic events involving gastric cancer. These changes are potentially useful in identifying markers for early diagnosis and management of this lethal malignancy. Also, role of specific miRNAs and long non coding RNAs in regulation of gene expression is gaining interest and is a matter of further investigation. In this review, we aimed to summarize major epigenetic events (DNA methylation) in gastric cancer along with alteration in miRNAs and long non coding RNAs which plays an important role in pathology of this poorly understood malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puneet
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Medical Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India.
| | - Hasan Raza Kazmi
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Soni Kumari
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Satendra Tiwari
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Medical Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - A Khanna
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Medical Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Gopeshwar Narayan
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
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20
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Kim J, Yum S, Kang C, Kang SJ. Gene-gene interactions in gastrointestinal cancer susceptibility. Oncotarget 2018; 7:67612-67625. [PMID: 27588484 PMCID: PMC5341900 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer arises from complex, multi-layer interactions between diverse genetic and environmental factors. Genetic studies have identified multiple loci associated with tumor susceptibility. However, little is known about how germline polymorphisms interact with one another and with somatic mutations within a tumor to mediate acquisition of cancer traits. Here, we survey recent studies showing gene-gene interactions, also known as epistases, affecting genetic susceptibility in colorectal, gastric and esophageal cancers. We also catalog epistasis types and cancer hallmarks with respect to the interacting genes. A total of 22 gene variation pairs displayed all levels of statistical epistasis, including synergistic, redundant, suppressive and co-suppressive interactions. Five genes primarily involved in base excision repair formed a linear topology in the interaction network, MUTYH-OGG1-XRCC1-PARP1-MMP2, and three genes in mTOR cell-proliferation pathway formed another linear network, PRKAG2-RPS6KB1-PIK3CA. Discrete pairwise epistasis was also found in nucleotide excision repair, detoxification, proliferation, TP53, TGF-β and other pathways. We propose that three modes of biological interaction underlie the molecular mechanisms for statistical epistasis. The direct binding, linear pathway and convergence modes can exhibit any level of statistical epistasis in susceptibility to gastrointestinal cancers, and this is likely true for other complex diseases as well. This review highlights the link between cancer hallmarks and susceptibility genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jineun Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Seoyun Yum
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Changwon Kang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Suk-Jo Kang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
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21
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Song YW, Lim Y, Cho SK. 2,4‑Di‑tert‑butylphenol, a potential HDAC6 inhibitor, induces senescence and mitotic catastrophe in human gastric adenocarcinoma AGS cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2018; 1865:675-683. [PMID: 29427610 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The natural product 2,4‑di‑tert‑butylphenol (DTBP) has a wide spectrum of biological functions, including anticancer activities, although the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, we found that DTBP induces senescence in human gastric adenocarcinoma AGS cells as evidenced by upregulation of p21 and Rb and increased β‑galactosidase activity. DTBP also induces mitotic catastrophe and generates multinucleated cells, which is accompanied by an increase in the proportion of polymerized tubulin, possibly caused by inhibition of HDAC6 enzyme activity. In silico docking analysis showed that DTBP docked at the entrance of the ligand-binding pocket of the HDAC6 enzyme. Accordingly, DTBP represents a promising lead structure for the development of HDAC6 inhibitors, with an improvement in specificity conferred by modification of the cap group. We propose for the first time that the underlying mechanism of the anticancer activity of DTBP is attributed to inhibition of HDAC6 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon Woo Song
- Subtropical/Tropical Organism Gene Bank, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoongho Lim
- Division of Bioscience and Biotechnology, BMIC, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea.
| | - Somi Kim Cho
- Subtropical/Tropical Organism Gene Bank, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea; Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, SARI, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea.
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22
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Verma R, Sharma PC. Next generation sequencing-based emerging trends in molecular biology of gastric cancer. Am J Cancer Res 2018; 8:207-225. [PMID: 29511593 PMCID: PMC5835690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the leading causes of cancer related mortality in the world. Being asymptomatic in nature till advanced stage, diagnosis of gastric cancer becomes difficult in early stages of the disease. The onset and progression of gastric cancer has been attributed to multiple factors including genetic alterations, epigenetic modifications, Helicobacter pylori and Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) infection, and dietary habits. Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) based approaches viz. Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS), Whole Exome Sequencing (WES), RNA-Seq, and targeted sequencing have expanded the knowledge base of molecular pathogenesis of gastric cancer. In this review, we highlight recent NGS-based advances covering various genetic alterations (Microsatellite Instability, Single Nucleotide Variations, and Copy Number Variations), epigenetic changes (DNA methylation, histone modification, microRNAs) and differential gene expression during gastric tumorigenesis. We also briefly discuss the current and future potential biomarkers, drugs and therapeutic approaches available for the management of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renu Verma
- University School of Biotechnology, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha UniversityNew Delhi 110078, India
| | - Prakash C Sharma
- University School of Biotechnology, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha UniversityNew Delhi 110078, India
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23
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Fei HJ, Chen SC, Zhang JY, Li SY, Zhang LL, Chen YY, Chang CX, Xu CM. Identification of significant biomarkers and pathways associated with gastric carcinogenesis by whole genome-wide expression profiling analysis. Int J Oncol 2018; 52:955-966. [PMID: 29328368 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of gastric cancer (GC) is extremely high in East Asia. GC is also one of the most common and lethal forms of cancer from a global perspective. However, to date, we have not been able to determine one or several genes as biomarkers in the diagnosis of GC and have also been unable to identify the genes which are important in the therapy of GC. In this study, we analyzed all genome-wide expression profiling arrays uploaded onto the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database to filtrate the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between normal stomach tissues and GC tissues. GSE13911, GSE19826 and GSE79973 were based on the GPL570 platform, and GSE29272 was based on the GPL96 platform. We screened out the DEGs from the two platforms and by selecting the intersection of these two platforms, we identified the common DEGs in the sequencing data from different laboratories. Finally, we obtained 3 upregulated and 34 downregulated DEGs in GC from 384 samples. As the number of downregulated DEGs was greater than that of the upregulated DEGs, functional analysis and pathway enrichment analysis were performed on the downregulated DEGs. Through our analysis, we identified the most significant genes associated with GC, such as secreted phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1), sulfatase 1 (SULF1), thrombospondin 2 (THBS2), ATPase H+/K+ transporting beta subunit (ATP4B), gastric intrinsic factor (GIF) and gastrokine 1 (GKN1). The prognostic power of these genes was corroborated in the Oncomine database and by Kaplan-Meier plotter (KM-plotter) analysis. Moreover, gastric acid secretion, collecting duct acid secretion, nitrogen metabolism and drug metabolism were significantly related to GC. Thus, these genes and pathways may be potential targets for improving the diagnosis and clinical effects in patients with GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Jun Fei
- Department of Reproductive Genetics, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China
| | - Song-Chang Chen
- Department of Reproductive Genetics, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China
| | - Jun-Yu Zhang
- Department of Reproductive Genetics, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China
| | - Shu-Yuan Li
- Department of Reproductive Genetics, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China
| | - Lan-Lan Zhang
- Department of Reproductive Genetics, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Yao Chen
- Department of Reproductive Genetics, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China
| | - Chun-Xin Chang
- Department of Reproductive Genetics, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China
| | - Chen-Ming Xu
- Department of Reproductive Genetics, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China
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24
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Sandoval-Bórquez A, Polakovicova I, Carrasco-Véliz N, Lobos-González L, Riquelme I, Carrasco-Avino G, Bizama C, Norero E, Owen GI, Roa JC, Corvalán AH. MicroRNA-335-5p is a potential suppressor of metastasis and invasion in gastric cancer. Clin Epigenetics 2017; 9:114. [PMID: 29075357 PMCID: PMC5645854 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-017-0413-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Multiple aberrant microRNA expression has been reported in gastric cancer. Among them, microRNA-335-5p (miR-335), a microRNA regulated by DNA methylation, has been reported to possess both tumor suppressor and tumor promoter activities. Results Herein, we show that miR-335 levels are reduced in gastric cancer and significantly associate with lymph node metastasis, depth of tumor invasion, and ultimately poor patient survival in a cohort of Amerindian/Hispanic patients. In two gastric cancer cell lines AGS and, Hs 746T the exogenous miR-335 decreases migration, invasion, viability, and anchorage-independent cell growth capacities. Performing a PCR array on cells transfected with miR-335, 19 (30.6%) out of 62 genes involved in metastasis and tumor invasion showed decreased transcription levels. Network enrichment analysis narrowed these genes to nine (PLAUR, CDH11, COL4A2, CTGF, CTSK, MMP7, PDGFA, TIMP1, and TIMP2). Elevated levels of PLAUR, a validated target gene, and CDH11 were confirmed in tumors with low expression of miR-335. The 3′UTR of CDH11 was identified to be directly targeted by miR-335. Downregulation of miR-335 was also demonstrated in plasma samples from gastric cancer patients and inversely correlated with DNA methylation of promoter region (Z = 1.96, p = 0.029). DNA methylation, evaluated by methylation-specific PCR assay, was found in plasma from 23 (56.1%) out of 41 gastric cancer patients but in only 9 (30%) out of 30 healthy donors (p = 0.029, Pearson’s correlation). Taken in consideration, our results of the association with depth of invasion, lymph node metastasis, and poor prognosis together with functional assays on cell migration, invasion, and tumorigenicity are in accordance with the downregulation of miR-335 in gastric cancer. Conclusions Comprehensive evaluation of metastasis and invasion pathway identified a subset of associated genes and confirmed PLAUR and CDH11, both targets of miR-335, to be overexpressed in gastric cancer tissues. DNA methylation of miR-335 may be a promissory strategy for non-invasive approach to gastric cancer. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13148-017-0413-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Sandoval-Bórquez
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, BIOREN-CEGIN, and Graduate Program in Applied Cell and Molecular Biology, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile.,Center UC for Investigational in Oncology (CITO), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Iva Polakovicova
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Center UC for Investigational in Oncology (CITO), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nicolás Carrasco-Véliz
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Center UC for Investigational in Oncology (CITO), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Instituto de Química, Faculty of Science, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaiso, Chile
| | - Lorena Lobos-González
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Fundación Ciencia y Vida, Parque Biotecnológico, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ismael Riquelme
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, BIOREN-CEGIN, and Graduate Program in Applied Cell and Molecular Biology, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Gonzalo Carrasco-Avino
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carolina Bizama
- Center UC for Investigational in Oncology (CITO), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Enrique Norero
- Esophagogastric Surgery Unit, Hospital Dr. Sótero del Río, Santiago, Chile.,Digestive Surgery Department, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gareth I Owen
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Center UC for Investigational in Oncology (CITO), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan C Roa
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, BIOREN-CEGIN, and Graduate Program in Applied Cell and Molecular Biology, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile.,Center UC for Investigational in Oncology (CITO), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alejandro H Corvalán
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Center UC for Investigational in Oncology (CITO), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Hematology-Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Fang R, Xu J, Lin H, Xu X, Tian F. The histone demethylase lysine-specific demethylase-1-mediated epigenetic silence of KLF2 contributes to gastric cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317698356. [PMID: 28381185 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317698356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is one of the most common malignancies and leading causes of cancer-related death worldwide. An increasing number of evidence has revealed that gastric tumorigenesis is a multistage pathological state, and epigenetic alterations are considered to play critical roles in the etiology of gastric cancer. Lysine-specific demethylase-1, a histone demethylase, has been linked to malignancy in several human cancers and considered to epigenetically regulate many tumor suppressor genes during tumorigenesis and cancer progression. However, its role and underlying targets in gastric cancer are still unclear. In this study, we detected the lysine-specific demethylase-1 expression level in gastric cancer tissues and cell lines and investigated the function and mechanism of lysine-specific demethylase-1 in the gastric cancer. The in vitro analysis shows that knockdown of lysine-specific demethylase-1 significantly inhibits gastric cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion and induces cell cycle G1 phase arrest and cell apoptosis. In vivo assays determine that lysine-specific demethylase-1 downregulation represses gastric cancer cell tumorigenesis. Mechanistic investigation reveals that tumor suppressor KLF2 is a key downstream target of lysine-specific demethylase-1 in gastric cancer. These findings indicate that lysine-specific demethylase-1 is an important oncogene in gastric cancer, and lysine-specific demethylase-1-mediated epigenetic repression of KLF2 plays a critical role in gastric cancer development and progression, which supports lysine-specific demethylase-1 as a potential therapeutic target in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruizhong Fang
- 1 Department of Hyperbaric Oxygen, Yishui Central Hospital, Linyi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Xu
- 2 Department of Gastroenterology, Yishui Central Hospital, Linyi, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai Lin
- 2 Department of Gastroenterology, Yishui Central Hospital, Linyi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoguang Xu
- 2 Department of Gastroenterology, Yishui Central Hospital, Linyi, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Tian
- 2 Department of Gastroenterology, Yishui Central Hospital, Linyi, People's Republic of China
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Zhang Z, Xin S, Gao M, Cai Y. Promoter hypermethylation of MGMT gene may contribute to the pathogenesis of gastric cancer: A PRISMA-compliant meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e6708. [PMID: 28445279 PMCID: PMC5413244 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000006708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BECKGROUND The association of MGMT (O-methyguanine deoxyribonucleic acid methyltransferase) promoter hypermethylation with gastric cancer (GC) risk has been studied extensively, but the results remained unclear. Here, we performed a meta-analysis to evaluate whether promoter hypermethylation of the MGMT gene contributed to gastric pathogenesis. METHODS Relevant studies were identified by retrieving the PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was applied to assess methodological quality of the included studies. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated to evaluate the association of MGMT promoter hypermethylation with gastric pathogenesis. Moreover, STATA 12.0 software was used to summarize the extracted data in this meta-analysis. RESULTS Seventeen studies, comprising 1736 cases and 1291 controls, were included in this meta-analysis. The frequency of MGMT promoter hypermethylation in the GC group (32.97%) was significantly higher than those in the control group (18.00%) (OR = 2.83, CI = 1.93-4.15, P < .05). When stratified by cancer subtype, the results indicated that the frequency of MGMT promoter hypermethylation was significantly higher in gastric adenocarcinoma than in control group (OR = 3.47, CI = 1.06-11.35, P < .05). In addition, MGMT promoter hypermethylation significantly promoted distant metastasis and lymph node (LN) metastasis of gastric tumor (for distant metastasis, OR = 4.22, CI = 2.42-7.37, P < .05; for LN metastasis, OR = 1.56, CI = 1.14-2.13, P < .05). A significant association between MGMT promoter hypermethylation and TNM-stage was also found in the present meta-analysis (OR = 2.70, CI = 1.79-4.08, P < .05). CONCLUSION The results of this meta-analysis suggested that MGMT gene-promoter hypermethylation was significantly associated with an increased risk of GC, especially in Asians. Furthermore, MGMT gene-promoter hypermethylation might be correlated with the distant metastasis and LN metastasis of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongxin Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Huzhou Central Hospital
| | - Shaojun Xin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Huzhou Central Hospital
| | - Min Gao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Huzhou Central Hospital
| | - Yunxiang Cai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First People's Hospital of Huzhou, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Combination of miR-21 with Circulating Tumor Cells Markers Improve Diagnostic Specificity of Metastatic Breast Cancer. Cell Biochem Biophys 2017; 73:87-91. [PMID: 25669446 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-015-0573-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Circulating miR-21 is upregulated in breast cancer. However, correlation of miR-21 expression with clinic pathologic characteristics remains questionable. In this study, we investigate whether combination of circulation miR-21 with circulating tumor cells (CTCs) marker (EpCAM, MUS1, HER2) could improve diagnostic specificity of metastatic breast cancer. Total 223 breast cancer patients were included. 89 % patients were associated with upregulation of miR-21 compared with health control. 20 % patients were detected for CTCs marker positive. For higher specificity purpose, triple marker positive samples were selected as true CTCs positive, which only occupied 59.5 % of total metastatic breast cancer patients. Specificity of detection of CTCs was 96.7 %. Furthermore, 59.5 % metastatic breast cancer patients were shown both abnormal miR-21 and true CTCs positive according to distribution of true CTCs positive and abnormal miR-21; Combination of miR-21 and CTCs was increased specificity of metastatic detection to 100 %. Our findings suggested that combination of miR-21 with CTCs marker could be used for better diagnosis of metastatic breast cancer in the future.
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Patel TN, Roy S, Ravi R. Gastric cancer and related epigenetic alterations. Ecancermedicalscience 2017; 11:714. [PMID: 28144288 PMCID: PMC5243136 DOI: 10.3332/ecancer.2017.714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer, a malignant and highly proliferative condition, has significantly affected a large population around the globe and is known to be caused by various factors including genetic, epigenetic, and environmental influences. Though the global trend of these cancers is declining, an increase in its frequency is still a threat because of changing lifestyles and dietary habits. However, genetic and epigenetic alterations related to gastric cancers also have an equivalent contribution towards carcinogenic development. DNA methylation is one of the major forms of epigenetic modification which plays a significant role in gastric carcinogenesis. Methylation leads to inactivation of some of the most important genes like DNA repair genes, cell cycle regulators, apoptotic genes, transcriptional regulators, and signalling pathway regulators; which subsequently cause uncontrolled proliferation of cells. Mutations in these genes can be used as suitable prognostic markers for early diagnosis of the disease, since late diagnosis of gastric cancers has a huge negative impact on overall patient survival. In this review, we focus on the important epigenetic mutations that contribute to the development of gastric cancer and the molecular pathogenesis underlying each of them. Methylation, acetylation, and histone modifications play an integral role in the onset of genomic instability, one of the many contributory factors to gastric cancer. This article also covers the constraints of incomplete knowledge of epigenetic factors influencing gastric cancer, thus throwing light on our understanding of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trupti N Patel
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, VIT University, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Soumyadipta Roy
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, VIT University, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Revathi Ravi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, VIT University, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
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Molecular mechanisms of long noncoding RNAs on gastric cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 7:8601-12. [PMID: 26788991 PMCID: PMC4890990 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are non-protein coding transcripts longer than 200 nucleotides. Aberrant expression of lncRNAs has been found associated with gastric cancer, one of the most malignant tumors. By complementary base pairing with mRNAs or forming complexes with RNA binding proteins (RBPs), some lncRNAs including GHET1, MALAT1, and TINCR may mediate mRNA stability and splicing. Other lncRNAs, such as BC032469, GAPLINC, and HOTAIR, participate in the competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network. Under certain circumstances, ANRIL, GACAT3, H19, MEG3, and TUSC7 exhibit their biological roles by associating with microRNAs (miRNAs). By recruiting histone-modifying complexes, ANRIL, FENDRR, H19, HOTAIR, MALAT1, and PVT1 may inhibit the transcription of target genes in cis or trans. Through these mechanisms, lncRNAs form RNA-dsDNA triplex. CCAT1, GAPLINC, GAS5, H19, MEG3, and TUSC7 play oncogenic or tumor suppressor roles by correlated with tumor suppressor P53 or onco-protein c-Myc, respectively. In conclusion, interaction with DNA, RNA and proteins is involved in lncRNAs' participation in gastric tumorigenesis and development.
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Schneider BJ, Shah MA, Klute K, Ocean A, Popa E, Altorki N, Lieberman M, Schreiner A, Yantiss R, Christos PJ, Palmer R, You D, Viale A, Kermani P, Scandura JM. Phase I Study of Epigenetic Priming with Azacitidine Prior to Standard Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Patients with Resectable Gastric and Esophageal Adenocarcinoma: Evidence of Tumor Hypomethylation as an Indicator of Major Histopathologic Response. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 23:2673-2680. [PMID: 27836862 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-1896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2016] [Revised: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Epigenetic silencing of tumor suppressor genes (TSG) is an acquired abnormality observed in cancer and is prototypically linked to DNA methylation. We postulated that pretreatment (priming) with 5-azacitidine would increase the efficacy of chemotherapy by reactivating TSGs. This study was conducted to identify a tolerable dose of 5-azacitidine prior to EOX (epirubicin, oxaliplatin, capecitabine) neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with locally advanced esophageal/gastric adenocarcinoma (EGC).Experimental Design: Eligible patients had untreated, locally advanced, resectable EGC, ECOG 0-2, and adequate organ function. 5-Azacitidine (V, 75 mg/m2) was given subcutaneously for 3 (dose level, DL 1) or 5 (DL 2) days prior to each 21-day cycle of EOX (E, 50 mg/m2; O, 130 mg/m2; X, 625 mg/m2 twice daily for 21 days). Standard 3+3 methodology guided V dose escalation. DNA methylation at control and biomarker regions was measured by digital droplet, bisulfite qPCR in tumor samples collected at baseline and at resection.Results: All subjects underwent complete resection of residual tumor (R0). Three of the 12 patients (25%) achieved a surgical complete response and 5 had partial responses. The overall response rate was 67%. The most common toxicities were gastrointestinal and hematologic. Hypomethylation of biomarker genes was observed at all dose levels and trended with therapeutic response.Conclusions: Neoadjuvant VEOX was well-tolerated with significant clinical and epigenetic responses, with preliminary evidence that priming with V prior to chemotherapy may augment chemotherapy efficacy. The recommended phase II trial schedule is 5-azacitidine 75 mg/m2 for 5 days followed by EOX chemotherapy every 21 days. Clin Cancer Res; 23(11); 2673-80. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan J Schneider
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York.
| | - Manish A Shah
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Kelsey Klute
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Allyson Ocean
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Elizabeta Popa
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Nasser Altorki
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Michael Lieberman
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Andrew Schreiner
- Department of Pathology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Rhonda Yantiss
- Department of Pathology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Paul J Christos
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Healthcare Policy and Research, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Romae Palmer
- Clinical Trials Office, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Daoqi You
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Agnes Viale
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Pouneh Kermani
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Joseph M Scandura
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine; Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
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Ren K, Li Z, Li Y, Zhang W, Han X. Long Noncoding RNA Taurine-Upregulated Gene 1 Promotes Cell Proliferation and Invasion in Gastric Cancer via Negatively Modulating miRNA-145-5p. Oncol Res 2016; 25:789-798. [PMID: 27983921 PMCID: PMC7841019 DOI: 10.3727/096504016x14783677992682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) taurine-upregulated gene 1 (TUG1) is involved in the development and carcinogenesis of various tumors, suggesting the diagnostic potential of TUG1 in these cancers. However, the exact role of TUG1 and its underlying mechanism in gastric cancer (GC) remain unknown. In this study, the expression of TUG1 and miR-145-5p in GC cell lines and nonmalignant gastric epithelial cell lines was detected by qRT-PCR. BGC-823 and SGC-7901 cells were transfected with si-TUG1, pcDNA 3.1-TUG1, miR-145-5p mimics, or matched controls. The biological function of TUG1 and miR-145-5p in GC cell proliferation and invasion in vitro and tumor growth in vivo was investigated by MTT assay, Transwell invasion assay, and tumor xenograft experiments. The regulating relationship between TUG1 and miR-145-5 was confirmed by luciferase reporter assay. The results showed that TUG1 was significantly overexpressed and miR-145-5p was dramatically downregulated in GC cell lines. TUG1 knockdown strikingly inhibited cell proliferation and invasion in vitro and markedly suppressed tumor growth in vivo. Furthermore, TUG1 could directly bind to miR-145-5p and repress miR-145-5p expression. TUG1 overexpression significantly relieved the inhibition on GC cell proliferation and invasion in vitro and tumor growth in vivo, mediated by miR-145-5p overexpression. In conclusion, TUG1 promotes cell proliferation and invasion in GC via negatively modulating miRNA-145-5p, which undoubtedly contributes to understanding the mechanism of GC occurrence and development.
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Shan TD, Xu JH, Yu T, Li JY, Zhao LN, Ouyang H, Luo S, Lu XJ, Huang CZ, Lan QS, Zhong W, Chen QK. Knockdown of linc-POU3F3 suppresses the proliferation, apoptosis, and migration resistance of colorectal cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 7:961-75. [PMID: 26510906 PMCID: PMC4808045 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Long intergenic noncoding RNAs (lincRNAs) play important roles in regulating the biological functions and underlying molecular mechanisms of colorectal cancer (CRC). Here, we investigated the association of linc-POU3F3 and prognosis in CRC. We demonstrated that linc-POU3F3 was overexpressed in CRC tissues and positively correlated with tumor grade and N stage. Inhibition of linc-POU3F3 resulted in inhibition of cell proliferation and G1 cell cycle arrest, which was mediated by cyclin D1, CDK4, p18, Rb, and phosphorylated Rb. Inhibition of linc-POU3F3 induced apoptosis, and suppressed migration and invasion in LOVO and SW480 cell lines. This inhibition also increased the expressions of epithelial markers and decreased the expressions of mesenchymal markers, thus inhibiting the cancer epithelial-mesenchymal transition. The decreased migration and invasion following linc-POU3F3 knockdown were mediated by an increased BMP signal. Furthermore, autophagy was enhanced by linc-POU3F3 knockdown, suggesting the involvement of autophagy in the induced apoptosis. Collectively, linc-POU3F3 might be crucial in pro-proliferation, anti-apoptosis, and metastasis in LOVO and SW480 cells by regulating the cell cycle, intrinsic apoptosis, BMP signaling and autophagy. Thus, linc-POU3F3 is a potential therapeutic target and novel molecular biomarker for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ti-Dong Shan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji-Hao Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie-Yao Li
- Department of Gastroenterology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin-Na Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510504, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Ouyang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Su Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi-Ji Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Can-Ze Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiu-Shen Lan
- Department of General Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Wa Zhong
- Department of Gastroenterology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi-Kui Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, People's Republic of China
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Wang J, Jiao Y, Cui L, Jiang L. miR-30 functions as an oncomiR in gastric cancer cells through regulation of P53-mediated mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2016; 81:119-126. [PMID: 27729002 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2016.1238294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The present study was designed to investigate the role of miR-30 in the development of Gastric cancer (GC). miR-30 expression was increased in GC tissues and cell lines. Downregulation of miR-30 inhibited cell proliferation and promoted apoptosis in HGC-27 cells. Upregulation of miR-30 enhanced the proliferation and inhibited apoptosis. P53 expression was decreased in GC tissues. P53 expression was correlated with miR-30 expression. Downregulation of miR-30 increased P53 expression. Knockdown of P53 inhibited miR-30-inhibitor-induced suppression of cell proliferation and increase of apoptosis. Downregulation of miR-30 increased ROS generation which was inhibited by shP53. miR-30 inhibitors induced a decrease in mitochondrial oxygen consumption, cytoplasmic release of cytochrome c, and activation of Caspase 3 and 9, activating mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. Downregulation of P53 and N-acetyl-cysteine suppressed miR-30 inhibitors-activated mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptotic events. In conclusion, we identified that miR-30 functioned as a potential oncomiR through P53/ROS-mediated regulation of mitochondrial apoptotic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Wang
- a Department of General Surgery , Hongqi Hospital, Mudanjiang Medical College , Mudanjiang , China
| | - Yang Jiao
- a Department of General Surgery , Hongqi Hospital, Mudanjiang Medical College , Mudanjiang , China
| | - Lunmeng Cui
- b Intensive Care Unit, Hongqi Hospital, Mudanjiang Medical College , Mudanjiang , China
| | - Lili Jiang
- c Department of Urology , Hongqi Hospital, Mudanjiang Medical College , Mudanjiang , China
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Liu FY, Wang LP, Wang Q, Han P, Zhuang WP, Li MJ, Yuan H. miR-302b regulates cell cycles by targeting CDK2 via ERK signaling pathway in gastric cancer. Cancer Med 2016; 5:2302-13. [PMID: 27465546 PMCID: PMC5055145 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 06/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the molecular mechanism of miR‐302b in the regulation of cell proliferation and cell cycle regulation in gastric cancer. Samples of tumor and adjacent normal tissues were collected from 30 gastric cancer patients. Bioinformatics and the dual luciferase report were used for verification of the relationship between miR‐302b expression and cyclin‐dependent kinase 2 (CDK2). RT‐PCR and western blot were used to examine CDK2 mRNA and protein levels. The impacts of miR‐302b on CDK2 expression and extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathway were assessed in cells transfected with miR‐302b analogs and CDK2 overexpression carrier, respectively. We used 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2, 5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) to assay gastric cancer cell growth after transfection, flow cytometry to analyze cell cycle. Compared with normal tissues, miR‐302b expression was significantly lower in gastric cancer tissues, which was significantly related to lymph node metastasis, metastasis distance, and TNM staging. miR‐302b expression was increased in miR‐302b mimics transfected cells and was significantly decreased in miR‐302b inhibitors transfected cells. CDK2 is a target gene of miR‐302b. Decreased miR‐302b and increased CDK2 expressions can significantly promote proliferation and G1/S phase transformation in gastric cancer. miR‐302b promoted the proliferation of gastric cancer cells through upregulation of CDK2, thereby inhibiting ERK pathway, which can in turn inhibit the promoting ability of miR‐302b on proliferation. The upregulation of miR‐302b reduced the expression of CDK2, and inhibited ERK signaling pathway, thereby inhibiting cell proliferation and G1/S phase conversion rate. Therefore, miR‐302b provides new perspectives for research of cell regulation and proliferation in gastric cancer, and new targets for gastric cancer diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Yun Liu
- Department of Nursing, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, 276003, China
| | - Li-Ping Wang
- Department of Nursing, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, 276003, China
| | - Qin Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, 276003, China
| | - Ping Han
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, 276003, China
| | - Wen-Ping Zhuang
- Department of Nursing, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, 276003, China.
| | - Mu-Juan Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Hua Yuan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
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Chen H, Xie GH, Wang WW, Yuan XL, Xing WM, Liu HJ, Chen J, Dou M, Shen LS. Epigenetically downregulated Semaphorin 3E contributes to gastric cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 6:20449-65. [PMID: 26036259 PMCID: PMC4653017 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Axon guidance protein Semaphorin 3E (Sema3E) promotes tumor metastasis and suppresses tumor cell death. Here, we demonstrated that Sema3E was decreased in gastric cancer. Its levels were inversely associated with tumor progression. Levels of Sema3E were associated with low p300 and high class I histone deacetylase (class I HDAC). Ectopic expression of Sema3E inhibited proliferation and colony formation of gastric cancer cell lines in vitro and xenografts in vivo. Sema3E overexpression inhibited migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells, which was associated with induction of E-cadherin and reduction of Akt and ERK1/2 phosphorylation. We suggest that silencing of Sema3E contributes to the pathogenesis of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Guo-Hua Xie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Wei-Wei Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiang-Liang Yuan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Wen-Ming Xing
- Department of Academy, Shanghai Association for Science & Technology, Shanghai 200020, China
| | - Hong-Jing Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jin Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Min Dou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Li-Song Shen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
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Montenegro RC, Clark PG, Howarth A, Wan X, Ceroni A, Siejka P, Nunez-Alonso GA, Monteiro O, Rogers C, Gamble V, Burbano R, Brennan PE, Tallant C, Ebner D, Fedorov O, O'Neill E, Knapp S, Dixon D, Müller S. BET inhibition as a new strategy for the treatment of gastric cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 7:43997-44012. [PMID: 27259267 PMCID: PMC5190074 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is one of the most common malignancies and a leading cause of cancer death worldwide. The prognosis of stomach cancer is generally poor as this cancer is not very sensitive to commonly used chemotherapies. Epigenetic modifications play a key role in gastric cancer and contribute to the development and progression of this malignancy. In order to explore new treatment options in this target area we have screened a library of epigenetic inhibitors against gastric cancer cell lines and identified inhibitors for the BET family of bromodomains as potent inhibitors of gastric cancer cell proliferations. Here we show that both the pan-BET inhibitor (+)-JQ1 as well as a newly developed specific isoxazole inhibitor, PNZ5, showed potent inhibition of gastric cancer cell growth. Intriguingly, we found differences in the antiproliferative response between gastric cancer cells tested derived from Brazilian patients as compared to those from Asian patients, the latter being largely resistant to BET inhibition. As BET inhibitors are entering clinical trials these findings provide the first starting point for future therapies targeting gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel C. Montenegro
- The Structural Genomics Consortium, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
- Federal University of Pará, Institute of Biological Sciences, Belém, Pará 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Peter G.K. Clark
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Alison Howarth
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Xiao Wan
- CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute of Radiation Biology, University of Oxford, Headington OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Alessandro Ceroni
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Paulina Siejka
- The Structural Genomics Consortium, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Graciela A. Nunez-Alonso
- The Structural Genomics Consortium, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Octovia Monteiro
- The Structural Genomics Consortium, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Catherine Rogers
- The Structural Genomics Consortium, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Vicki Gamble
- The Structural Genomics Consortium, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Rommel Burbano
- Federal University of Pará, Institute of Biological Sciences, Belém, Pará 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Paul E. Brennan
- The Structural Genomics Consortium, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Cynthia Tallant
- The Structural Genomics Consortium, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Daniel Ebner
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Oleg Fedorov
- The Structural Genomics Consortium, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Eric O'Neill
- CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute of Radiation Biology, University of Oxford, Headington OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Stefan Knapp
- The Structural Genomics Consortium, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Buchmann Institute for Life Sciences, Frankfurt am Main D-60438, Germany
| | - Darren Dixon
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Susanne Müller
- The Structural Genomics Consortium, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
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Yu T, Shan TD, Li JY, Huang CZ, Wang SY, Ouyang H, Lu XJ, Xu JH, Zhong W, Chen QK. Knockdown of linc-UFC1 suppresses proliferation and induces apoptosis of colorectal cancer. Cell Death Dis 2016; 7:e2228. [PMID: 27195675 PMCID: PMC4917661 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2016.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2015] [Revised: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Long intergenic noncoding RNAs (lincRNAs) have important roles in biological functions, molecular mechanisms and prognostic values in colorectal cancer (CRC). In this context, the roles of linc-UFC1 remain to be elucidated. In this study, linc-UFC1 was overexpressed in CRC patient tissues and positively correlated with tumor grade, N stage and M stage. Inhibition of linc-UFC1 resulted in cell proliferation inhibition and G1 cell cycle arrest, which was mediated by cyclin D1, CDK4, Rb and phosphorylated Rb. In addition, inhibition of linc-UFC1 induced cell apoptosis through the intrinsic apoptosis signaling pathway, as evidenced by the activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3. An investigation of the signaling pathway revealed that the effects on proliferation and apoptosis following linc-UFC1 knockdown were mediated by suppression of β-catenin and activation of phosphorylated P38. Furthermore, the P38 inhibitor SB203580 could attenuate the apoptotic effect achieved by linc-UFC1 knockdown, confirming the involvement of P38 signaling in the induced apoptosis. Taken together, linc-UFC1 might have a critical role in pro-proliferation and anti-apoptosis in CRC by regulating the cell cycle, intrinsic apoptosis, and β-catenin and P38 signaling. Thus, linc-UFC1 could be a potential therapeutic target and novel molecular biomarker for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - T-D Shan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - J-Y Li
- Department of Gastroenterology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - C-Z Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - S-Y Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - H Ouyang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - X-J Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - J-H Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - W Zhong
- Department of Gastroenterology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Q-K Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Zhou Z, Zhang H, Lai J, Diao D, Li W, Dang C, Song Y. Relationships between p14ARF Gene Methylation and Clinicopathological Features of Colorectal Cancer: A Meta-Analysis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0152050. [PMID: 26999279 PMCID: PMC4801177 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
We conducted a meta-analysis to explore the relationships between p14ARF gene methylation and clinicopathological features of colorectal cancer (CRC). Databases, including Pubmed, Embase and Cochrane Library, were searched and, finally, a total of 18 eligible researches encompassing 1988 CRC patients were selected. Combined odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were evaluated under a fixed effects model for absence of heterogeneity. Significant associations were observed between p14ARF gene methylation and tumor location (OR = 2.35, 95% CI: 1.55–3.55, P = 0.001), microsatellite instability (MSI) status (OR = 3.28, 95% CI: 2.12–5.07, P<0.0001). However, there were no significant associations between p14ARF gene methylation and tumor stage, tumor differentiation. We concluded that p14ARF gene methylation may be significantly associated with tumor location, and MSI status of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangjian Zhou
- Division of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 W, Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Division of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 W, Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jianguo Lai
- Division of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 W, Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dongmei Diao
- Division of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 W, Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wenhan Li
- Division of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 W, Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chengxue Dang
- Division of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 W, Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yongchun Song
- Division of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 W, Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
- * E-mail:
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39
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The Functional Analysis of Histone Acetyltransferase MOF in Tumorigenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17010099. [PMID: 26784169 PMCID: PMC4730341 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17010099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Revised: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in chromatin structure and heritably regulating the gene expression by epigenetic mechanisms, such as histone post-translational modification, are involved in most cellular biological processes. Thus, abnormal regulation of epigenetics is implicated in the occurrence of various diseases, including cancer. Human MOF (males absent on the first) is a member of the MYST (Moz-Ybf2/Sas3-Sas2-Tip60) family of histone acetyltransferases (HATs). As a catalytic subunit, MOF can form at least two distinct multiprotein complexes (MSL and NSL) in human cells. Both complexes can acetylate histone H4 at lysine 16 (H4K16); however, the NSL complex possesses broader substrate specificity and can also acetylate histone H4 at lysines 5 and 8 (H4K5 and H4K8), suggesting the complexity of the intracellular functions of MOF. Silencing of MOF in cells leads to genomic instability, inactivation of gene transcription, defective DNA damage repair and early embryonic lethality. Unbalanced MOF expression and its corresponding acetylation of H4K16 have been found in certain primary cancer tissues, including breast cancer, medulloblastoma, ovarian cancer, renal cell carcinoma, colorectal carcinoma, gastric cancer, as well as non-small cell lung cancer. In this review, we provide a brief overview of MOF and its corresponding histone acetylation, introduce recent research findings that link MOF functions to tumorigenesis and speculate on the potential role that may be relevant to tumorigenic pathways.
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40
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Valenzuela MA, Canales J, Corvalán AH, Quest AFG. Helicobacter pylori-induced inflammation and epigenetic changes during gastric carcinogenesis. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:12742-12756. [PMID: 26668499 PMCID: PMC4671030 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i45.12742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Revised: 08/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The sequence of events associated with the development of gastric cancer has been described as “the gastric precancerous cascade”. This cascade is a dynamic process that includes lesions, such as atrophic gastritis, intestinal metaplasia and dysplasia. According to this model, Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection targets the normal gastric mucosa causing non-atrophic gastritis, an initiating lesion that can be cured by clearing H. pylori with antibiotics or that may then linger in the case of chronic infection and progress to atrophic gastritis. The presence of virulence factors in the infecting H. pylori drives the carcinogenesis process. Independent epidemiological and animal studies have confirmed the sequential progression of these precancerous lesions. Particularly long-term follow-up studies estimated a risk of 0.1% for atrophic gastritis/intestinal metaplasia and 6% in case of dysplasia for the long-term development of gastric cancer. With this in mind, a better understanding of the genetic and epigenetic changes associated with progression of the cascade is critical in determining the risk of gastric cancer associated with H. pylori infection. In this review, we will summarize some of the most relevant mechanisms and focus predominantly but not exclusively on the discussion of gene promoter methylation and miRNAs in this context.
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41
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Zhao F, Lin T, He W, Han J, Zhu D, Hu K, Li W, Zheng Z, Huang J, Xie W. Knockdown of a novel lincRNA AATBC suppresses proliferation and induces apoptosis in bladder cancer. Oncotarget 2015; 6:1064-78. [PMID: 25473900 PMCID: PMC4359217 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Long intergenic noncoding RNAs (lincRNAs) play important roles in regulating various biological processes in cancer, including proliferation and apoptosis. However, the roles of lincRNAs in bladder cancer remain elusive. In this study, we identified a novel lincRNA, which we termed AATBC. We found that AATBC was overexpressed in bladder cancer patient tissues and positively correlated with tumor grade and pT stage. We also found that inhibition of AATBC resulted in cell proliferation arrest through G1 cell cycle mediated by cyclin D1, CDK4, p18 and phosphorylated Rb. In addition, inhibition of AATBC induced cell apoptosis through the intrinsic apoptosis signaling pathway, as evidenced by the activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3. The investigation for the signaling pathway revealed that the apoptosis following AATBC knockdown was mediated by activation of phosphorylated JNK and suppression of NRF2. Furthermore, JNK inhibitor SP600125 could attenuate the apoptotic effect achieved by AATBC knockdown, confirming the involvement of JNK signaling in the induced apoptosis. Moreover, mouse xenograft model revealed that knockdown of AATBC led to suppress tumorigenesis in vivo. Taken together, our study indicated that AATBC might play a critical role in pro-proliferation and anti-apoptosis in bladder cancer by regulating cell cycle, intrinsic apoptosis signaling, JNK signaling and NRF2. AATBC could be a potential therapeutic target and molecular biomarker for bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengjin Zhao
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tianxin Lin
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Lin Bai-xin Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wang He
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinli Han
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dingjun Zhu
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kaishun Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weicong Li
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zaosong Zheng
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Huang
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenlian Xie
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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42
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Kang M, Ren MP, Zhao L, Li CP, Deng MM. miR-485-5p acts as a negative regulator in gastric cancer progression by targeting flotillin-1. Am J Transl Res 2015; 7:2212-2222. [PMID: 26807169 PMCID: PMC4697701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in cancer progression including gastric cancer. miR-485-5p is reported as a potential suppressor in breast cancer, but its expression, cellular function and clinic features in gastric cancer is not known. In our study, we found that miR-485-5p expression was down-regulated in gastric cancer cell lines. miR-485-5p could inhibit gastric cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo. We also found that miR-485-5p suppressed gastric cancer cell metastasis and sphere formation. It was confirmed flotillin-1 (Flot1) as a direct target of miR-485-5p, and up-regulation of miR-485-5p could decrease expression of Flot1 in gastric cancer cells. Further investigation showed that ectopic expression of Flot1 partially reversed the inhibition effect of enforced miR-485-5p expression on the malignant phenotypes of gastric cancer cells. The low expression of miR-485-5p in gastric cancer tissues was related to advanced clinical features and poorer prognosis. Our study suggested that miR-485-5p could be a potential prognostic marker and functions as a tumor suppressor in human gastric cancer by post-transcriptionally targeting Flot1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Kang
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Luzhou Medical CollegeLuzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Mei-Ping Ren
- Drug and Functional Food Center, Luzhou Medical CollegeLuzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Department of Digestive Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Haerbin Medical UniversityHaerbin, China
| | - Chang-Ping Li
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Luzhou Medical CollegeLuzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Ming-Ming Deng
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Luzhou Medical CollegeLuzhou, Sichuan, China
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43
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Feng Y, Li L, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Liang Y, Lv J, Fan Z, Guo J, Hong T, Ji B, Ji Q, Mei G, Ding L, Zhang S, Xu X, Ye Q. Hematopoietic pre-B cell leukemia transcription factor interacting protein is overexpressed in gastric cancer and promotes gastric cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Cancer Sci 2015; 106:1313-22. [PMID: 26211905 PMCID: PMC4638003 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Revised: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic pre-B cell leukemia transcription factor interacting protein (HPIP) has been shown to play an important role in the development and progression of some cancers. However, the role of HPIP in gastric cancer (GC) is unclear. Here, we show that HPIP is upregulated in most GC patients and promotes GC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. In GC patients, HPIP positively associates with tumor size and nodal metastasis, and negatively associates with tumor differentiation. Hematopoietic pre-B cell leukemia transcription factor interacting protein increases GC cell proliferation through activation of G1 /S and G2 /M cell cycle transitions, accompanied by a marked increase of the positive cell cycle regulators, including cyclin D1, cyclin A, and cyclin B1. Hematopoietic pre-B cell leukemia transcription factor interacting protein enhances GC cell migration and invasion, and modulates epithelial-mesenchymal transition, which plays a key role in cancer cell migration and invasion. These data underscore the critical role of HPIP in GC cell proliferation and progression and suggest that HPIP inhibition may be a useful therapeutic strategy for GC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Feng
- Department of Medical Molecular Biology, Beijing Institute of BiotechnologyBeijing, China
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, the Second Artillery General HospitalBeijing, China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Medical Molecular Biology, Beijing Institute of BiotechnologyBeijing, China
| | - Xiaomei Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijing, China
| | - Yunjing Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, the Second Artillery General HospitalBeijing, China
| | - Yingchun Liang
- Department of Medical Molecular Biology, Beijing Institute of BiotechnologyBeijing, China
| | - Jinjing Lv
- Department of Medical Molecular Biology, Beijing Institute of BiotechnologyBeijing, China
| | - Zhongyi Fan
- Department of Medical Molecular Biology, Beijing Institute of BiotechnologyBeijing, China
| | - Jing Guo
- Department of Medical Molecular Biology, Beijing Institute of BiotechnologyBeijing, China
| | - Tian Hong
- Department of Medical Molecular Biology, Beijing Institute of BiotechnologyBeijing, China
| | - Beibei Ji
- Department of Medical Molecular Biology, Beijing Institute of BiotechnologyBeijing, China
| | - Quanbo Ji
- Department of Medical Molecular Biology, Beijing Institute of BiotechnologyBeijing, China
| | - Guohui Mei
- Department of Medical Molecular Biology, Beijing Institute of BiotechnologyBeijing, China
| | - Lihua Ding
- Department of Medical Molecular Biology, Beijing Institute of BiotechnologyBeijing, China
| | - Shu Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and InstituteJinan, China
| | - Xiaojie Xu
- Department of Medical Molecular Biology, Beijing Institute of BiotechnologyBeijing, China
| | - Qinong Ye
- Department of Medical Molecular Biology, Beijing Institute of BiotechnologyBeijing, China
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44
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Noncoding Genomics in Gastric Cancer and the Gastric Precancerous Cascade: Pathogenesis and Biomarkers. DISEASE MARKERS 2015; 2015:503762. [PMID: 26379360 PMCID: PMC4563069 DOI: 10.1155/2015/503762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2015] [Revised: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Gastric cancer is the fifth most common cancer and the third leading cause of cancer-related death, whose patterns vary among geographical regions and ethnicities. It is a multifactorial disease, and its development depends on infection by Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), host genetic factors, and environmental factors. The heterogeneity of the disease has begun to be unraveled by a comprehensive mutational evaluation of primary tumors. The low-abundance of mutations suggests that other mechanisms participate in the evolution of the disease, such as those found through analyses of noncoding genomics. Noncoding genomics includes single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), regulation of gene expression through DNA methylation of promoter sites, miRNAs, other noncoding RNAs in regulatory regions, and other topics. These processes and molecules ultimately control gene expression. Potential biomarkers are appearing from analyses of noncoding genomics. This review focuses on noncoding genomics and potential biomarkers in the context of gastric cancer and the gastric precancerous cascade.
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45
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Santos JC, Ribeiro ML. Epigenetic regulation of DNA repair machinery in Helicobacter pylori-induced gastric carcinogenesis. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:9021-9037. [PMID: 26290630 PMCID: PMC4533035 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i30.9021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Revised: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although thousands of DNA damaging events occur in each cell every day, efficient DNA repair pathways have evolved to counteract them. The DNA repair machinery plays a key role in maintaining genomic stability by avoiding the maintenance of mutations. The DNA repair enzymes continuously monitor the chromosomes to correct any damage that is caused by exogenous and endogenous mutagens. If DNA damage in proliferating cells is not repaired because of an inadequate expression of DNA repair genes, it might increase the risk of cancer. In addition to mutations, which can be either inherited or somatically acquired, epigenetic silencing of DNA repair genes has been associated with carcinogenesis. Gastric cancer represents the second highest cause of cancer mortality worldwide. The disease develops from the accumulation of several genetic and epigenetic changes during the lifetime. Among the risk factors, Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is considered the main driving factor to gastric cancer development. Thus, in this review, we summarize the current knowledge of the role of H. pylori infection on the epigenetic regulation of DNA repair machinery in gastric carcinogenesis.
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46
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Ozaki Y, Fujiwara K, Ikeda M, Ozaki T, Terui T, Soma M, Inazawa J, Nagase H. The oncogenic role of GASC1 in chemically induced mouse skin cancer. Mamm Genome 2015; 26:591-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s00335-015-9592-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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47
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Li Y, Liang J, Hou P. Hypermethylation in gastric cancer. Clin Chim Acta 2015; 448:124-32. [PMID: 26148722 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2015.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Revised: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Although gastric cancer (GC) is highly prevalent in China and is a leading cause of cancer-related death, major advances in early diagnostic and effective therapeutic strategies have not been made. GC patients are usually diagnosed at an advanced stage and the prognosis is still poor. Over the years, many efforts have been done on exploring the pathology of GC. In particular, genome-wide analysis tools have been widely used in the detection of genetic and epigenetic alterations in GC. For example, many tumor suppressor genes have been found to be aberrantly hypermethylated in GCs, and some even in gastric precancerous lesions, suggesting a role of this molecular event in early gastric tumorigenesis. In addition, accumulating evidences have demonstrated that some hypermethylated genes can be used as potential biomarkers for detection and diagnosis of GC in biopsy specimens and non-invasive body fluids. These exciting advances provide unprecedented opportunities for the development of molecular-based novel diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic strategies for GC. Here, we reviewed recent findings on the promoter hypermethylation of tumor suppressor genes in GC and aimed to provide better understanding of the contribution of this epigenetic event to gastric tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujun Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Junrong Liang
- Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Hou
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, People's Republic of China.
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48
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Association between EGF +61 A>G polymorphism and gastric cancer risk: A meta-analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 35:327-332. [PMID: 26072068 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-015-1432-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Revised: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies suggested an association between the EGF +61 A>G polymorphism and susceptibility to gastric cancer, but the results have been inconsistent. To draw a more precise risk estimation of the association, we performed a meta-analysis of published studies. PubMed, EMBASE, Google Scholar and the Chinese Wanfang databases were systematically searched to identify relevant studies. There were 7 studies involving 1992 cases of gastric cancer and 3202 controls in this meta-analysis. Our study showed that, overall, the EGF +61 A>G polymorphism was significantly associated with the increased risk of gastric cancer in allele model (G vs. A: OR=1.18, 95% CI=1.00-1.39), dominant model (GG + GA vs. AA: OR=1.28, 95% CI=1.05-1.55), homozygous model (GG vs. AA: OR=1.31, 95% CI=1.06-1.63) and heterozygous model (GA vs. AA: OR=1.25, 95% CI=1.01-1.53). The stratified analysis by ethnicity revealed a significant association between EGF +61 A>G polymorphism and gastric cancer risks in Asians. This meta-analysis indicates that EGF +61 A>G polymorphism may increase the risk of gastric cancer, especially in Asians. Large-sized, well-designed studies involving different ethnic groups should be conducted to confirm this association.
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49
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Paska AV, Hudler P. Aberrant methylation patterns in cancer: a clinical view. Biochem Med (Zagreb) 2015; 25:161-76. [PMID: 26110029 PMCID: PMC4470106 DOI: 10.11613/bm.2015.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic mechanisms, such as DNA methylation, DNA hydroxymethylation, post-translational modifications (PTMs) of histone proteins affecting nucleosome remodelling, and regulation by small and large non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) work in concert with cis and trans acting elements to drive appropriate gene expression. Advances in detection methods and development of dedicated platforms and methylation arrays resulted in an explosion of information on aberrantly methylated sequences linking deviations in epigenetic landscape with the initiation and progression of complex diseases. Here, we consider how DNA methylation changes in malignancies, such as breast, pancreatic, colorectal, and gastric cancer could be exploited for the purpose of developing specific diagnostic tools. DNA methylation changes can be applicable as biomarkers for detection of malignant disease in easily accessible tissues. Methylation signatures are already proving to be an important marker for determination of drug sensitivity. Even more, promoter methylation patterns of some genes, such as MGMT, SHOX2, and SEPT9, have already been translated into commercial clinical assays aiding in patient assessment as adjunct diagnostic tools. In conclusion, the changes in DNA methylation patterns in tumour cells are slowly gaining entrance into routine diagnostic tests as promising biomarkers and as potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alja Videtic Paska
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Petra Hudler
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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50
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Zhu L, Yang J, Zhao L, Yu X, Wang L, Wang F, Cai Y, Jin J. Expression of hMOF, but not HDAC4, is responsible for the global histone H4K16 acetylation in gastric carcinoma. Int J Oncol 2015; 46:2535-45. [PMID: 25873202 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2015.2956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that the alteration of global histone H4K16 acetylation (H4K16ac) may be involved in several types of cancer. It is known that the global histone H4K16ac level in cells is controlled by several enzymes including histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs). We report in detail which particular enzyme is responsible for global reduction of histone H4K16ac in gastric cancer. Our study included 156 frozen tissue samples of primary diagnosed gastric cancer tissues and matched adjacent or normal tissues, and the gastric cancer cells SGC-7901 and MGC-803. The reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), western blot, transient transfection and siRNA knockdown approaches were used. Statistical analysis of the qRT-PCR data revealed that a significant reduction (>2-fold decreased) of hMOF expression in gastric cancer tissues in 81% (42/52) of patients. In patients with gastric cancer, downregulation of hMOF was connected to gastric cancer and tissues with pT2-T4 tumor status, lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis. Overall survival rates revealed a significant difference between the low- and high-hMOF expression groups. However, there was no significant difference by age, gender and cell differentiation. In SGC-7901 and MGC-803 gastric cancer cells, as expected, low expression of hMOF and decreased global histone H4K16ac were observed. Although we did not obtained a statistically significant high-level of HDAC4 in tumor tissues, increased HDAC4 in both gastric cancer cell lines was detected. Therefore, overexpression of hMOF and knockdown of HDAC4 experiments were carried out to investigate the potential coordinating role between hMOF and HDAC4 on global histone H4K16ac in gastric cancer. Overexpression of hMOF increased global H4K16ac in cells, however, no obvious increase of global H4K16ac in HDAC4 knockdown MGC-803 cells was observed. Histone acetyltransferase hMOF and global histone H4K16ac status might be involved in gastric cancer tumorigenic pathways. hMOF, but not HDAC4, is mainly responsible for global histone H4K16ac acetylation in gastric cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P.R. China
| | - Jiaxing Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the First Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Linhong Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P.R. China
| | - Xue Yu
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P.R. China
| | - Lingyao Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P.R. China
| | - Fei Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P.R. China
| | - Yong Cai
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P.R. China
| | - Jingji Jin
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P.R. China
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