1
|
Ciurea AM, Vere CC, Popp CG, Streba CT, Caliţa M, Pirici D, Cercelaru L, Schenker M, Gheonea DI, Pirici I. E-cadherin and aquaporin 1 co-expression analysis in hepatocellular carcinoma: a pilot study. ROMANIAN JOURNAL OF MORPHOLOGY AND EMBRYOLOGY = REVUE ROUMAINE DE MORPHOLOGIE ET EMBRYOLOGIE 2021; 62:427-434. [PMID: 35024730 PMCID: PMC8848220 DOI: 10.47162/rjme.62.2.08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the main primary liver malignancy, being associated with both health and economic burden worldwide. Recently, novel molecular markers and possible therapeutic targets were identified. Different adhesion molecules, as well as possible angiogenesis-associated targets can be prime candidates when investigating novel therapies. Considering these premises, our goal was to study the co-existence of E-cadherin and aquaporin 1 (AQP1) in a series of HCC diagnosed patients. Utilizing archived tissue fragments from 17 patients diagnosed with well-to-moderate and poorly differentiated HCC, as well as four samples of normal liver tissue and using a highly specific biotin-free tyramide amplification technique, we have assessed here the expression of E-cadherin and AQP1 during HCC carcinogenesis. Moreover, as we have observed that some of the AQP1 expression seems membrane-bound, we have sought to evaluate their co-localization. Our data showed, as expected, that E-cadherin decreases from control tissue to low-grade and respectively, high-grade HCC. AQP1 was expressed, also as already known, at the level of endothelial blood vessels and bile ducts epithelia, however, we have showed here for the first time that this water pore is also expressed in the cytoplasm and membranes of hepatocytes, both in control and HCC tissue. Moreover, AQP1 expression parallels the decrease of E-cadherin expression during carcinogenesis, but together with this downregulation, we have also found a spatial decrease in the colocalization of the two proteins. Altogether, utilizing a biotin-free tyramide signal amplification technique, this study shows for the first time that AQP1 is expressed at the level of liver epithelia, in both control and HCC tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana-Maria Ciurea
- Department of Oncology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania
| | - Cristin Constantin Vere
- Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania
| | | | - Costin Teodor Streba
- Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania
- Department of Pulmonology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania
| | - Mihaela Caliţa
- Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania
| | - Daniel Pirici
- Department of Histology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania
| | - Liliana Cercelaru
- Department of Anatomy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania
| | - Michael Schenker
- Department of Oncology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania
| | - Dan Ionuţ Gheonea
- Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania
| | - Ionica Pirici
- Department of Anatomy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Jadzic J, Cvetkovic D, Milovanovic P, Tomanovic N, Zivkovic V, Nikolic S, Djuric M, Djonic D. The micro-structural analysis of lumbar vertebrae in alcoholic liver cirrhosis. Osteoporos Int 2020; 31:2209-2217. [PMID: 32577771 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-020-05509-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Although vertebral fracture is more common among alcoholic liver cirrhosis patients when compared to general population, current data on three-dimensional micro-architecture are scarce. Our study showed significant trabecular deterioration in lumbar vertebrae obtained from alcoholic liver cirrhosis donors, suggesting that they should be advised to undergo early-stage screening for osteoporosis. PURPOSE Recent studies showed an increased incidence of vertebral fractures in alcoholic liver cirrhosis (ALC) patients, while data about vertebral micro-structure are still limited. The aim of this study was to compare trabecular and cortical micro-architecture of lumbar vertebrae between ALC patients and healthy age- and sex-matched controls. METHODS Our study included lumbar vertebral samples of male cadaveric donors, divided into ALC (n = 20, age: 59 ± 6 years) and control group (n = 20, age: 59 ± 8 years). Following pathohistological verification of liver cirrhosis, trabecular and cortical bone micro-architecture was analyzed by micro-computed tomography (micro-CT). RESULTS Micro-CT evaluation of the trabecular bone in lumbar vertebrae showed a significant decrease in bone volume fraction, trabecular thickness, trabecular number, and connectivity (p < 0.01). In contrast to trabecular deterioration, prominent alteration in cortical parameters was not observed in lumbar vertebrae of ALC patients (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that susceptibility to non-traumatic fractures in ALC patients could be explained by alterations in trabecular bone micro-architecture. Thus, we genuinely recommend osteological screening of the lumbar spine for all ALC patients in order to evaluate individual fracture risk. Graphical abstract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Jadzic
- Laboratory for Anthropology and Skeletal Biology, Institute for Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - D Cvetkovic
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - P Milovanovic
- Laboratory for Anthropology and Skeletal Biology, Institute for Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - N Tomanovic
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - V Zivkovic
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - S Nikolic
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - M Djuric
- Laboratory for Anthropology and Skeletal Biology, Institute for Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - D Djonic
- Laboratory for Anthropology and Skeletal Biology, Institute for Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yoon YH, Chen CM, Slater ME, Jung MK, White AM. Trends in Premature Deaths From Alcoholic Liver Disease in the U.S., 1999-2018. Am J Prev Med 2020; 59:469-480. [PMID: 32863077 PMCID: PMC7508789 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2020.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION So-called deaths of despair-those involving drug overdoses, alcohol-related liver disease, and suicide-have been rising in the U.S. among middle-aged white, non-Hispanic adults without a college degree. Premature deaths (ages 25-69) from alcoholic liver disease were examined specifically in this study from 1999 to 2018, by sex, race/Hispanic origin, and age group. METHODS Data were drawn from the 1999-2018 Multiple Cause of Death database and bridged-race estimates of the U.S. resident population, including 281,243 alcoholic liver disease deaths or an average of 8 deaths per 100,000 population. Analyses examined alcoholic liver disease death rates for sex differences among 3 age groups (25-49, 50-59, and 60-69 years), by race and Hispanic origin, from 1999 to 2018; age-adjusted and age-specific annual percentage changes (accounted for cohorts); years of potential life lost; and age of death for sociodemographic backgrounds, alcoholic liver disease clinical courses, and comortalities. RESULTS White non-Hispanics increasingly experienced greater alcoholic liver disease mortality than black non-Hispanics and Hispanics, confirming the racial and ethnic crossover observed in previous studies. Although men consistently had higher rates of mortality, male-to-female ratios decreased in the past 2 decades and were the lowest among ages 25-49 years and especially among ages 25-34 years. Although women generally had longer life expectancies, women died of alcoholic liver disease on average about 2-3 years earlier than men. CONCLUSIONS Prevention and intervention efforts are imperative to address the narrowing sex gap and widening racial disparities in alcoholic liver disease premature deaths.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - M Katherine Jung
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Aaron M White
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Grissa D, Nytoft Rasmussen D, Krag A, Brunak S, Juhl Jensen L. Alcoholic liver disease: A registry view on comorbidities and disease prediction. PLoS Comput Biol 2020; 16:e1008244. [PMID: 32960884 PMCID: PMC7531835 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic-related liver disease (ALD) is the cause of more than half of all liver-related deaths. Sustained excess drinking causes fatty liver and alcohol-related steatohepatitis, which may progress to alcoholic liver fibrosis (ALF) and eventually to alcohol-related liver cirrhosis (ALC). Unfortunately, it is difficult to identify patients with early-stage ALD, as these are largely asymptomatic. Consequently, the majority of ALD patients are only diagnosed by the time ALD has reached decompensated cirrhosis, a symptomatic phase marked by the development of complications as bleeding and ascites. The main goal of this study is to discover relevant upstream diagnoses helping to understand the development of ALD, and to highlight meaningful downstream diagnoses that represent its progression to liver failure. Here, we use data from the Danish health registries covering the entire population of Denmark during nineteen years (1996-2014), to examine if it is possible to identify patients likely to develop ALF or ALC based on their past medical history. To this end, we explore a knowledge discovery approach by using high-dimensional statistical and machine learning techniques to extract and analyze data from the Danish National Patient Registry. Consistent with the late diagnoses of ALD, we find that ALC is the most common form of ALD in the registry data and that ALC patients have a strong over-representation of diagnoses associated with liver dysfunction. By contrast, we identify a small number of patients diagnosed with ALF who appear to be much less sick than those with ALC. We perform a matched case-control study using the group of patients with ALC as cases and their matched patients with non-ALD as controls. Machine learning models (SVM, RF, LightGBM and NaiveBayes) trained and tested on the set of ALC patients achieve a high performance for data classification (AUC = 0.89). When testing the same trained models on the small set of ALF patients, their performance unsurprisingly drops a lot (AUC = 0.67 for NaiveBayes). The statistical and machine learning results underscore small groups of upstream and downstream comorbidities that accurately detect ALC patients and show promise in prediction of ALF. Some of these groups are conditions either caused by alcohol or caused by malnutrition associated with alcohol-overuse. Others are comorbidities either related to trauma and life-style or to complications to cirrhosis, such as oesophageal varices. Our findings highlight the potential of this approach to uncover knowledge in registry data related to ALD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dhouha Grissa
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
- * E-mail: (LJJ); (DG)
| | - Ditlev Nytoft Rasmussen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Odense University Hospital, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Aleksander Krag
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Odense University Hospital, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Søren Brunak
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars Juhl Jensen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
- * E-mail: (LJJ); (DG)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Cai X, Bao L, Wang N, Ren J, Chen Q, Xu M, Li D, Mao R, Li Y. Dietary nucleotides protect against alcoholic liver injury by attenuating inflammation and regulating gut microbiota in rats. Food Funct 2016; 7:2898-908. [PMID: 27247978 DOI: 10.1039/c5fo01580d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nucleotides have been reported to be effective in attenuating liver damage and regulating gut microbiota. However, the protective effect of nucleotides against alcoholic liver injury remains unknown. The present study aims to investigate whether nucleotides ameliorate alcoholic liver injury and explores the possible mechanism. Male Wistar rats were given alcohol, equivalent distilled water or an isocaloric amount of dextrose intragastrically twice daily for up to 6 weeks respectively. Two subgroups of alcohol-treated rats were fed with a nucleotide-supplemented AIN-93G rodent diet. Serum enzymes, inflammatory cytokines and microbiota composition of the caecum content were evaluated. We found that nucleotides could significantly decrease serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase, plasma lipopolysaccharide and inflammatory cytokine levels. Sequencing of 16S rRNA genes revealed that nucleotide-treated rats showed a higher abundance of Firmicutes and a lower abundance of Bacteroidetes than alcohol-treated rats. Moreover, nucleotide treatment inhibited the protein expression of toll-like receptor 4, CD14 and repressed the phosphorylation of inhibitor kappa Bα and nuclear factor-κB p65 in the liver. These results suggested that nucleotides suppressed the inflammatory response and regulated gut microbiota in alcoholic liver injury. The partial inhibition of lipopolysaccharide - toll-like receptor 4-nuclear factor-κB p65 signaling in the liver may be attributed to this mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaxia Cai
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Helms CM, Bell RL, Bennett AJ, Davies DL, Chester JA, Kosten TA, Leeman RF, Panicker S, Platt DM, Weiner JL, Edwards S. The importance of animals in advancing research on alcohol use disorders. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2016; 39:575-8. [PMID: 25833015 DOI: 10.1111/acer.12668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Revised: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christa M Helms
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Williams JA, Ding WX. A Mechanistic Review of Mitophagy and Its Role in Protection against Alcoholic Liver Disease. Biomolecules 2015; 5:2619-42. [PMID: 26501336 PMCID: PMC4693250 DOI: 10.3390/biom5042619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2015] [Revised: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is a major health problem worldwide, and alcohol is well-known to cause mitochondrial damage, which exacerbates alcohol-induced liver injury and steatosis. No successful treatments are currently available for treating ALD. Therefore, a better understanding of mechanisms involved in regulation of mitochondrial homeostasis in the liver and how these mechanisms may protect against alcohol-induced liver disease is needed for future development of better therapeutic options for ALD. Mitophagy is a key mechanism for maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis by removing damaged mitochondria, and mitophagy protects against alcohol-induced liver injury. Parkin, an E3 ubiquitin ligase, is well-known to induce mitophagy in in vitro models although Parkin-independent mechanisms for mitophagy induction also exist. In this review, we discuss the roles of Parkin and mitophagy in protection against alcohol-induced liver injury and steatosis. We also discuss Parkin-independent mechanisms for mitophagy induction, which have not yet been evaluated in the liver but may also potentially have a protective role against ALD. In addition to mitophagy, mitochondrial spheroid formation may also provide a novel mechanism of protection against ALD, but the role of mitochondrial spheroids in protection against ALD progression needs to be further explored. Targeting removal of damaged mitochondria by mitophagy or inducing formation of mitochondrial spheroids may be promising therapeutic options for treatment of ALD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Williams
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd., Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
| | - Wen-Xing Ding
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd., Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Palipoch S, Koomhin P, Punsawad C, Na-Ek P, Sattayakhom A, Suwannalert P. Heme oxygenase-1 alleviates alcoholic liver steatosis: histopathological study. J Toxicol Pathol 2015; 29:7-15. [PMID: 26989297 PMCID: PMC4766524 DOI: 10.1293/tox.2015-0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive alcohol consumption is one of the most important causes of hepatic steatosis, which involves oxidative stress. In particular, increased oxidative stress has been strongly linked to stimulation of the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). This study aimed to investigate whether HO-1 could alleviates alcoholic steatosis in rats. Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: 1) the control group, 2) the EtOH group, 3) the EtOH + ZnPP-IX group and 4) the EtOH + Hemin group. Liver histopathology was investigated in weeks 1 and 4 after the start of the treatment period. Alcohol treatment significantly increased the hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, an oxidative stress marker. In addition, it increased the triglyceride, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels in both weeks. Gross examination demonstrated a yellowish and slightly enlarged liver in the alcohol-treated rats. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and Oil Red O staining indicated hepatic steatosis, which was characterized by diffuse, extensive fatty accumulation and discrete lipid droplets of variable size in hepatocytes of the alcohol-treated rats. Administration of the HO-1 inducer hemin resulted in upregulation of hepatic HO-1 gene expression, reduced the MDA, triglyceride, ALT and AST levels and alleviated alcoholic hepatic steatosis, whereas administration of the HO-1 inhibitor zinc protoporphyrin IX (ZnPP-IX) resulted in downregulation of hepatic HO-1 gene expression and could not alleviate alcoholic hepatic steatosis either week. In conclusion, HO-1 could alleviate alcoholic hepatic steatosis in male Wistar rats and may be useful in development of a new therapeutic approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarawoot Palipoch
- School of Medicine, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80161, Thailand; The Pathobiology of the Cell and Tissue Research Group, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80161, Thailand
| | - Phanit Koomhin
- School of Medicine, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80161, Thailand; The Pathobiology of the Cell and Tissue Research Group, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80161, Thailand
| | - Chuchard Punsawad
- School of Medicine, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80161, Thailand; The Pathobiology of the Cell and Tissue Research Group, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80161, Thailand
| | - Prasit Na-Ek
- School of Medicine, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80161, Thailand; The Pathobiology of the Cell and Tissue Research Group, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80161, Thailand
| | - Apsorn Sattayakhom
- School of Allied Health Sciences and Public Health, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80161, Thailand; The Pathobiology of the Cell and Tissue Research Group, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80161, Thailand
| | - Prasit Suwannalert
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|