1
|
Zareinejad M, Faghih Z, Ramezani A, Safaei A, Ghaderi A. Exploring heterogeneous expression of beta-actin (ACTB) in bladder cancer by producing a monoclonal antibody 6D6. BMC Urol 2024; 24:124. [PMID: 38867273 PMCID: PMC11167769 DOI: 10.1186/s12894-024-01489-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To predict outcomes and identify potential therapeutic targets for cancers, it is critical to find novel specific biomarkers. The objective of this study was to search for and explore novel bladder cancer-associated protein biomarkers. METHODS A library of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against the JAM-ICR cell line was first generated, and clones with high affinity were selected. Hybridomas were screened using bladder cancer (BLCA) cell lines and normal cells. The target of the selected mAb was then characterized through immunoaffinity purification, western blotting, and mass spectrometry analysis. Expression of the target antigen was assessed by flow cytometry and IHC methods. Several databases were also used to evaluate the target antigen in BLCA and other types of cancers. RESULTS Based on screenings, a 6D6 clone was selected that recognized an isoform of beta-actin (ACTB). Our data showed that ACTB expression on different cell lines was heterogeneous and varied significantly from low to high intensity. 6D6 bound strongly to epithelial cells while showing weak to no reactivity to stromal, endothelial, and smooth muscle cells. There was no association between ACTB intensity and related prognostic factors in BLCA. In silico evaluations revealed a significant correlation between ACTB and overexpressed genes and biomarkers in BLCA. Additionally, the differential expression of ACTB in tumor and healthy tissue as well as its correlation with survival time in a number of cancers were shown. CONCLUSIONS The heterogeneous expression of ACTB may suggest the potential value of this marker in the diagnosis or prognosis of cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadrasul Zareinejad
- Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zahra Faghih
- Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amin Ramezani
- Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Akbar Safaei
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Abbas Ghaderi
- Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Babula A, Gałuszka-Bulaga A, Węglarczyk K, Siedlar M, Baj-Krzyworzeka M. CD44‑hyaluronan axis plays a role in the interactions between colon cancer‑derived extracellular vesicles and human monocytes. Oncol Lett 2023; 26:413. [PMID: 37600336 PMCID: PMC10436155 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2023.13999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
During tumor progression, monocytes circulating in the blood or infiltrating tissue may be exposed to tumor-derived extracellular vesicles (TEVs). The first stage of such interactions involves binding of TEVs to the surface of monocytes, followed by their internalization. The present study examines the role of CD44 molecules in the interactions between monocytes and EVs derived from colon cancer cell lines (HCT116 and SW1116). The efficiency of the attachment and engulfment of TEVs by monocytes is linked to the number of TEVs and time of exposure/interaction. The two investigated TEVs, TEVsHCT116 and TEVsSW1116, originating from HCT116 and SW1116 cells, respectively, differ in hyaluronan (HA) cargo, which reflects HA secretion by parental cancer cells. HA-rich TEVsHCT116 are internalized more effectively in comparison with HA-low TEVsSW1116. Blocking of CD44 molecules on monocytes by anti-CD44 monoclonal antibody significantly decreased the engulfment of TEVsHCT116 but not that of TEVsSW1116 after 30 min contact, suggesting the involvement of the HA-CD44 axis. The three subsets of monocytes, classical, intermediate and non-classical, characterized by gradual changes in the expression of CD14 and CD16 markers, also differ in the expression of CD44. The highest expression of CD44 molecules was observed in the intermediate monocyte subset. Blocking of CD44 molecules decreased the internalization of HA-rich TEVs in all three subsets, which is associated with CD44 expression level. It was hypothesized that HA carried by TEVs, potentially as a component of the 'corona' coating, may facilitate the interaction between subsets of monocytes and TEVs, which may influence the fate of TEVs (such as the rate of TEVs adhesion and engulfment) and change monocyte activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Babula
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Pediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-663 Kraków, Poland
- Doctoral School of Medical and Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-530 Kraków, Poland
| | - Adrianna Gałuszka-Bulaga
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Pediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-663 Kraków, Poland
| | - Kazimierz Węglarczyk
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Pediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-663 Kraków, Poland
| | - Maciej Siedlar
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Pediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-663 Kraków, Poland
| | - Monika Baj-Krzyworzeka
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Pediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-663 Kraków, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Verma T, Natu A, Khade B, Gera P, Gupta S. An increase in polyadenylation of histone isoforms, Hist1h2ah and Hist2h3c2, is governed by 3'-UTR in de-differentiated and undifferentiated hepatocyte. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2023; 248:948-958. [PMID: 37021545 PMCID: PMC10525402 DOI: 10.1177/15353702231160328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Replication-dependent histones have a stem-loop structure at the 3' end of messenger RNA (mRNA) and are stabilized by stem-loop binding protein (SLBP). Moreover, loss of SLBP and imbalance in the level of ARE (adenylate-uridylate-rich elements)-binding proteins, HuR, and BRF1 are associated with the polyadenylation of canonical histone mRNAs under different physiological conditions. Previous studies from the lab have shown increased protein levels of H2A1H and H3.2 in N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA)-induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this study, we report that increase in the polyadenylation of histone mRNA contributes to increased levels of H2A1H and H3.2 in NDEA-induced HCC. The persistent exposure to carcinogen with polyadenylation of histone mRNA increases the total histone pool resulting in aneuploidy. The embryonic liver has also shown increased polyadenylated histone isoforms, Hist1h2ah and Hist2h3c2, primarily contributing to their increased protein levels. The increase in polyadenylation of histone mRNA in HCC and e15 are in coherence with the decrease in SLBP and BRF1 with an increase in HuR. Our studies in neoplastic CL38 cell line showed that direct stress on the cells induces downregulation of SLBP with enhanced histone isoform polyadenylation. Moreover, the polyadenylation is related to increase in activated MAP kinases, p38, ERK, and JNK in HCC liver tumor tissues and CL38 cells treated with arsenic. Our data suggest that SLBP degrades under stress, destabilizing the stem-loop, elongating histone isoforms mRNA with 3' polyadenylated tail with increase of HuR and decrease of BRF1. Overall, our results indicate that SLBP may play an essential part in cell proliferation, at least in persistent exposure to stress, by mediating the stabilization of histone isoforms throughout the cell cycle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tripti Verma
- Epigenetics and Chromatin Biology Group, Gupta Lab, Cancer Research Institute, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai 410210, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Abhiram Natu
- Epigenetics and Chromatin Biology Group, Gupta Lab, Cancer Research Institute, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai 410210, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Bharat Khade
- Epigenetics and Chromatin Biology Group, Gupta Lab, Cancer Research Institute, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai 410210, India
| | - Poonam Gera
- Biorepository, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai 410210, India
| | - Sanjay Gupta
- Epigenetics and Chromatin Biology Group, Gupta Lab, Cancer Research Institute, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai 410210, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai 400094, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Loss of RAGE prevents chronic intermittent hypoxia-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease via blockade of NF-кB pathway. Gene Ther 2022; 30:278-287. [PMID: 35821256 DOI: 10.1038/s41434-022-00351-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) has been documented to induce liver fibrosis and inflammatory reaction. Further, microarray data analysis of this study predicted high expression of RAGE in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, its specific mechanisms remain to be elucidated. Hence, this study is aimed at investigating the mechanistic insights of RAGE in chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH)-induced NAFLD. ApoE knockout (ApoE-/-) mice were exposed to CIH to induce NAFLD, and primary hepatocytes were also exposed to CIH to mimic in vitro setting. Accordingly, we found that RAGE and NF-κB were upregulated in the liver tissues of CIH-induced NAFLD mice and CIH-exposed hepatocytes. Depleted RAGE attenuated CIH-induced hepatocyte injury, lipid deposition, and inflammation. The relationship between RAGE and NF-κB was analyzed by in silico analysis and correlation analysis. It was demonstrated that knockdown of RAGE inhibited the NF-кB pathway, thus alleviating CIH-induced disorders in hepatocytes. Moreover, in vivo experiments also verified that depletion of RAGE alleviated CIH-induced NAFLD by inhibiting NF-кB pathway. Collectively, loss of RAGE blocked the NF-кB pathway to alleviate CIH-induced NAFLD, therefore, highlighting a potential hepatoprotective target for treating NAFLD.
Collapse
|
5
|
Deregulation of the CD44-NANOG-MDR1 associated chemoresistance pathways of breast cancer stem cells potentiates the anti-cancer effect of Kaempferol in synergism with Verapamil. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2022; 437:115887. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2022.115887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
6
|
Bußmann L, Hoffer K, von Bargen CM, Droste C, Lange T, Kemmling J, Schröder-Schwarz J, Vu AT, Akingunsade L, Nollau P, Rangarajan S, de Wijn R, Oetting A, Müller C, Böckelmann LC, Zech HB, Berger JC, Möckelmann N, Busch CJ, Böttcher A, Gatzemeier F, Klinghammer K, Simnica D, Binder M, Struve N, Rieckmann T, Schumacher U, Clauditz TS, Betz CS, Petersen C, Rothkamm K, Münscher A, Kriegs M. Analyzing tyrosine kinase activity in head and neck cancer by functional kinomics: Identification of hyperactivated Src family kinases as prognostic markers and potential targets. Int J Cancer 2021; 149:1166-1180. [PMID: 33890294 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Signal transduction via protein kinases is of central importance in cancer biology and treatment. However, the clinical success of kinase inhibitors is often hampered by a lack of robust predictive biomarkers, which is also caused by the discrepancy between kinase expression and activity. Therefore, there is a need for functional tests to identify aberrantly activated kinases in individual patients. Here we present a systematic analysis of the tyrosine kinases in head and neck cancer using such a test-functional kinome profiling. We detected increased tyrosine kinase activity in tumors compared with their corresponding normal tissue. Moreover, we identified members of the family of Src kinases (Src family kinases [SFK]) to be aberrantly activated in the majority of the tumors, which was confirmed by additional methods. We could also show that SFK hyperphosphorylation is associated with poor prognosis, while inhibition of SFK impaired cell proliferation, especially in cells with hyperactive SFK. In summary, functional kinome profiling identified SFK to be frequently hyperactivated in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. SFK may therefore be potential therapeutic targets. These results furthermore demonstrate how functional tests help to increase our understanding of cancer biology and support the expansion of precision oncology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lara Bußmann
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum, University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Laboratory of Radiobiology and Experimental Radiation Oncology, UCCH Kinomics Core Facility, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum, University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum, University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Konstantin Hoffer
- Laboratory of Radiobiology and Experimental Radiation Oncology, UCCH Kinomics Core Facility, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum, University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Mildred Scheel Cancer Career Center HaTriCS4, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Clara Marie von Bargen
- Department of Pathology, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum, University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Conrad Droste
- Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum, University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Lange
- Institute of Anatomy and Experimental Morphology, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum, University Cancer Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Julia Kemmling
- Institute of Anatomy and Experimental Morphology, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum, University Cancer Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jennifer Schröder-Schwarz
- Institute of Anatomy and Experimental Morphology, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum, University Cancer Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anh Thu Vu
- Mildred Scheel Cancer Career Center HaTriCS4, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lara Akingunsade
- Mildred Scheel Cancer Career Center HaTriCS4, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Peter Nollau
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Research Institute Children's Cancer Center, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum-University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Rik de Wijn
- PamGene International B.V., 's-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands
| | - Agnes Oetting
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum, University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Mildred Scheel Cancer Career Center HaTriCS4, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian Müller
- Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum, University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of General and Interventional Cardiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lukas Clemens Böckelmann
- Institute of Anatomy and Experimental Morphology, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum, University Cancer Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Henrike Barbara Zech
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum, University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Joanna Caroline Berger
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum, University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nikolaus Möckelmann
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum, University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Chia-Jung Busch
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum, University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Arne Böttcher
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum, University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Fruzsina Gatzemeier
- Mildred Scheel Cancer Career Center HaTriCS4, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Donjete Simnica
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Oncology/Hematology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Mascha Binder
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Oncology/Hematology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Nina Struve
- Mildred Scheel Cancer Career Center HaTriCS4, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Rieckmann
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum, University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Mildred Scheel Cancer Career Center HaTriCS4, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Udo Schumacher
- Institute of Anatomy and Experimental Morphology, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum, University Cancer Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Till Sebastian Clauditz
- Department of Pathology, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum, University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian Stephan Betz
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum, University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Cordula Petersen
- Mildred Scheel Cancer Career Center HaTriCS4, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kai Rothkamm
- Mildred Scheel Cancer Career Center HaTriCS4, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Adrian Münscher
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum, University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Marienkrankenhaus Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Malte Kriegs
- Laboratory of Radiobiology and Experimental Radiation Oncology, UCCH Kinomics Core Facility, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum, University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Mildred Scheel Cancer Career Center HaTriCS4, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Johnson R, Rafuse M, Selvakumar PP, Tan W. Effects of recipient age, heparin release and allogeneic bone marrow-derived stromal cells on vascular graft remodeling. Acta Biomater 2021; 125:172-182. [PMID: 33639311 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Small-caliber vascular grafts are used in a wide range of clinical conditions. However, there remains a substantial unfulfilled need for readily-available, synthetic vascular grafts with high long-term patency rate. To fulfill the translational goal for bioengineered vascular grafts, important considerations for the pre-clinical evaluation include the graft design, cell incorporation and selection of an animal model. To assess the three factors, we used vascular grafts consisting of core/shell-structured microfibers of polycaprolactone/gelatin with a thin polycaprolactone overlay. The respective influences of the heparin release mode, animal age, and allogeneic bone marrow-derived stromal cells (MSCs) seeded in the lumen on the graft remodeling were assessed after four-and-half-month implantation on an interposition graft of abdominal aorta model. Except two rats dying from graft-unrelated issues, all other rats (18 out of 20) showed good graft patency upon explantation. The cell phenotype, matrix content and structure in the neotissues around the graft, as well as the flow perfusion through the graft were examined. More grafts in the aged rats showed local narrowing and flow incongruence than the other grafts in young adult rats. Compared to acellular grafts, cellular grafts showed efficient recruitment of vascular cells to form more organized structures with elastin in the vascular wall. Endothelialization and α-smooth muscle actin-positive cells were shown in all four types of vascular grafts. This study revealed the significant effects of MSC and recipient age but not heparin release pattern on graft remodeling. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The vascular graft is a mainstream of surgical intervention to treat vascular diseases. Currently, vascular grafts, particularly small-diameter ones, still show high failure rates. This study has evaluated the respective impacts of heparin release pattern, allogeneic bone marrow-derived stromal cell seeding, and recipient age on the long-term remodeling of vascular grafts. There is a dearth of literature which considers the recipient age as an influencing factor for vascular grafting. However, adults particularly elderly constitute the majority of vascular graft recipients in the "real" clinical environment. While juvenile animals were widely used for graft evaluations, this study involved adult animals. The study outcomes provided important implications regarding graft designs and evaluation approaches.
Collapse
|
8
|
Oxidative Stress-Induced Sirtuin1 Downregulation Correlates to HIF-1α, GLUT-1, and VEGF-A Upregulation in Th1 Autoimmune Hashimoto's Thyroiditis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22083806. [PMID: 33916948 PMCID: PMC8067526 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22083806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT), oxidative stress (OS) is driven by Th1 cytokines’ response interfering with the normal function of thyrocytes. OS results from an imbalance between an excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and a lowering of antioxidant production. Moreover, OS has been shown to inhibit Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), which is able to prevent hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α stabilization. The aims of this study were to determine the involvement of NADPH-oxidases (NOX), SIRT1, and HIF-1α in HT pathophysiology as well as the status of antioxidant proteins such as peroxiredoxin 1 (PRDX1), catalase, and superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1). The protein expressions of NOX2, NOX4, antioxidant enzymes, SIRT1, and HIF-1α, as well as glucose transporter-1 (GLUT-1) and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A), were analyzed by Western blot in primary cultures of human thyrocytes that were or were not incubated with Th1 cytokines. The same proteins were also analyzed by immunohistochemistry in thyroid samples from control and HT patients. In human thyrocytes incubated with Th1 cytokines, NOX4 expression was increased whereas antioxidants, such as PRDX1, catalase, and SOD1, were reduced. Th1 cytokines also induced a significant decrease of SIRT1 protein expression associated with an upregulation of HIF-1α, GLUT-1, and VEGF-A proteins. With the exception of PRDX1 and SOD1, similar results were obtained in HT thyroids. OS due to an increase of ROS produced by NOX4 and a loss of antioxidant defenses (PRDX1, catalase, SOD1) correlates to a reduction of SIRT1 and an upregulation of HIF 1α, GLUT-1, and VEGF-A. Our study placed SIRT1 as a key regulator of OS and we, therefore, believe it could be considered as a potential therapeutic target in HT.
Collapse
|
9
|
Wang XT, Cheng K, Zhu L. Hypoxia Accelerate β-Actin Expression through Transcriptional Activation of ACTB by Nuclear Respiratory Factor-1. Mol Biol 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893321020011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
10
|
Anticancer Effect of Citrus hystrix DC. Leaf Extract and Its Bioactive Constituents Citronellol and, Citronellal on the Triple Negative Breast Cancer MDA-MB-231 Cell Line. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:ph13120476. [PMID: 33353129 PMCID: PMC7766836 DOI: 10.3390/ph13120476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer is one of the most aggressive breast cancer type with abilities of early metastasis and chemoresistance. The tropical plant Citrus hystrix DC. has been reported to promote many biological activities including anticancer. However, the effect of C. hystrix against triple negative breast cancer has not yet been identified. This study aimed to evaluate the anticancer properties of C. hystrix leaf extract and its bioactive constituents citronellol and citronellal against the triple negative breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cell line. C. hystrix leaves were powdered and sequentially macerated. The in vitro anticancer effects of C. hystrix leaf extracts, and its bioactive constituents (citronellol and citronellal) were evaluated against MDA-MB-231 cell line using cytotoxic MTT assay, cell proliferation, wound scratch migration, colony formation, cell cycle, apoptosis assay, Hoechst staining, RT-qPCR, and Western blot analysis. Results showed that crude hexane extract, citronellol, and citronellal significantly reduced cell proliferation, colony formation, and cell migration by inducing cell cycle arrest, while also inducing apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 cells through inhibition of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 expression, leading to activation of the caspase-3-dependent pathway. This study is the first report to demonstrate the effect of C. hystrix, citronellol, and citronellal against triple negative breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells.
Collapse
|
11
|
Wu Q, Ma J, Wei J, Meng W, Wang Y, Shi M. lncRNA SNHG11 Promotes Gastric Cancer Progression by Activating the Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway and Oncogenic Autophagy. Mol Ther 2020; 29:1258-1278. [PMID: 33068778 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2020.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are under active investigation in the development of cancers, including gastric cancer (GC). Oncogenic autophagy is required for cancer cell survival. The present study aimed to investigate the regulatory role of lncRNA small nucleolar host gene 11 (SNHG11) in GC. We show that SNHG11 is upregulated in GC, and that its upregulation correlated with dismal patient outcomes. Functionally, SNHG11 aggravated oncogenic autophagy to facilitate cell proliferation, stemness, migration, invasion, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in GC. Mechanistically, SNHG11 post-transcriptionally upregulated catenin beta 1 (CTNNB1) and autophagy related 12 (ATG12) through miR-483-3p/miR-1276, while the processing of precursor (pre-)miR-483/pre-miR-1276 was hindered by SNHG11. SNHG11 induced GSK-3β ubiquitination through interacting with Cullin 4A (CUL4A) to further activate the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Intriguingly, SNHG11 regulated autophagy in a manner dependent on ATG12 rather than the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, whereas SNHG11 contributed to the malignant behaviors of GC cells via both pathways. Finally, SNHG11 upregulation in GC cells was shown to be transcriptionally induced by TCF7L2. In conclusion, we reveal that SNHG11 is an onco-lncRNA in GC and might be a promising prognostic and therapeutic target for GC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1111 Xianxia Road, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - Jiali Ma
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1111 Xianxia Road, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - Jue Wei
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1111 Xianxia Road, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - Wenying Meng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1111 Xianxia Road, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - Yugang Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1111 Xianxia Road, Shanghai 200336, China.
| | - Min Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1111 Xianxia Road, Shanghai 200336, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
A novel microfluidic flow-cytometry for counting numbers of single-cell β-actins. NANOTECHNOLOGY AND PRECISION ENGINEERING 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.npe.2020.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
13
|
MET ectodomain shedding is associated with poor disease-free survival of patients diagnosed with oral squamous cell carcinoma. Mod Pathol 2020; 33:1015-1032. [PMID: 31857683 DOI: 10.1038/s41379-019-0426-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Ectodomain shedding unleashes the aggressive nature of the MET oncogene product. Using specific C- and N-terminal MET antibodies (D1C2 and A2H2-3), MET protein status (i.e., no MET, decoy MET, transmembranous C-terminal MET with or without the ectodomain) was investigated in oral squamous cell carcinoma. For the cancers showing transmembranous C-terminal MET, the impact of ectodomain shedding on prognosis was investigated. To examine ectodomain shedding, reduced lysates of oral squamous cell carcinoma cell lines were immunoblotted using D1C2 and an ELISA was performed on culture media using A2H2-3. In addition, reduced lysates of fresh frozen tissues of 30 oral squamous cell carcinoma were immunoblotted using D1C2 and immunohistochemistry was performed on corresponding formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues using both antibodies on parallel sections. To examine MET protein status, differences between membranous D1C2 and A2H2-3 immunoreactivities were scored using parallel tissue microarray sections representing 156 oral squamous cell carcinoma. The prognostic value of ectodomain shedding was examined using Cox regression analysis for disease-free survival and overall survival. Ectodomain shedding was observed in all cell lines, 43% (n = 13) of fresh frozen and 50% (n = 15) of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded cancers (27% overlap, n = 8). The tissue microarray showed no MET in 23% (n = 36), decoy MET in 9% (n = 14), and transmembranous C-terminal MET in 68% (n = 106) of examined cancers. Within the latter group, ectodomain shedding occurs in 36% (n = 38) of the cases and is independently associated with poor disease-free survival (HR = 2.41; 95% CI, 1.35-4.30 and P = 0.003)-though not overall survival (HR = 1.64; 95% CI, 0.92-2.94 and P = 0.095)-after correcting for factors known to influence survival. In conclusion, MET ectodomain shedding occurs in transmembranous C-terminal MET positive oral squamous cell carcinoma and is independently associated with disease-free survival. These findings might aid in designing companion diagnostics for targeted therapies directed against MET.
Collapse
|
14
|
Klingler-Hoffmann M, Mittal P, Hoffmann P. The Emerging Role of Cytoskeletal Proteins as Reliable Biomarkers. Proteomics 2019; 19:e1800483. [PMID: 31525818 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201800483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cytoskeletal proteins are essential building blocks of cells. More than 100 cytoskeletal and cytoskeleton-associated proteins are known and for some, their function and regulation are understood in great detail. Apart from cell shape and support, they facilitate many processes such as intracellular signaling and transport, and cancer related processes such as proliferation, migration, and invasion. During the last decade, comparative proteomic studies have identified cytoskeletal proteins as in vitro markers for tumor progression and metastasis. Here, these results are summarized and a number of unrelated studies are highlighted, identifying the same cytoskeletal proteins as potential biomarkers. These findings might indicate that the abundance of these potential markers of tumor progression is associated with the biological outcome and are independent of the cancer origin. This correlates well with recently published results from the Cancer Genome Atlas, indicating that cancers show remarkable similarities in their analyzed molecular information, independent of their organ of origin. It is postulated that the quantification of cytoskeletal proteins in healthy tissues, tumors, in adjacent tissues, and in stroma, is a great source of molecular information, which might not only be used to classify tumors, but more importantly to predict patients' outcome or even best treatment choices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Klingler-Hoffmann
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Campus, Mawson Lakes, 5095, Australia
| | - Parul Mittal
- Adelaide Proteomics Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5005, Australia
| | - Peter Hoffmann
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Campus, Mawson Lakes, 5095, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Yu Q, Tian X, Shao L, Xu L, Dai R, Li X. Label-free proteomic strategy to compare the proteome differences between longissimus lumborum and psoas major muscles during early postmortem periods. Food Chem 2018; 269:427-435. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
16
|
Kriegsmann J, Kriegsmann M, Kriegsmann K, Longuespée R, Deininger SO, Casadonte R. MALDI Imaging for Proteomic Painting of Heterogeneous Tissue Structures. Proteomics Clin Appl 2018; 13:e1800045. [PMID: 30471204 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201800045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To present matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) imaging as a powerful method to highlight various tissue compartments. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue of a uterine cervix, a pancreas, a duodenum, a teratoma, and a breast cancer tissue microarray (TMA) are analyzed by MALDI imaging and by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Peptide images are visualized and analyzed using FlexImaging and SCiLS Lab software. Different histological compartments are compared by hierarchical cluster analysis. RESULTS MALDI imaging highlights tissue compartments comparable to IHC. In cervical tissue, normal epithelium can be discerned from intraepithelial neoplasia. In pancreatic and duodenal tissues, m/z signals from lymph follicles, vessels, duodenal mucosa, normal pancreas, and smooth muscle structures can be visualized. In teratoma, specific m/z signals to discriminate squamous epithelium, sebaceous glands, and soft tissue are detected. Additionally, tumor tissue can be discerned from the surrounding stroma in small tissue cores of TMAs. Proteomic data acquisition of complex tissue compartments in FFPE tissue requires less than 1 h with recent mass spectrometers. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE The simultaneous characterization of morphological and proteomic features in the same tissue section adds proteomic information for histopathological diagnostics, which relies at present on conventional hematoxylin and eosin staining, histochemical, IHC and molecular methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Kriegsmann
- Proteopath GmbH, Trier 54296, Germany.,MVZ for Histology, Cytology and Molecular Diagnostics, Trier 54296, Germany
| | - Mark Kriegsmann
- Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Katharina Kriegsmann
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Rheumatology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Rémi Longuespée
- Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Li X, Fan B, Liu L, Chen D, Cao S, Men D, Wang J, Chen J. A Microfluidic Fluorescent Flow Cytometry Capable of Quantifying Cell Sizes and Numbers of Specific Cytosolic Proteins. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14229. [PMID: 30242168 PMCID: PMC6155059 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32333-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study presents a microfluidics based cytometry capable of characterizing cell sizes and counting numbers of specific cytosolic proteins where cells were first bound by antibodies labelled with fluorescence and then aspirated into a constriction microchannel in which fluorescent levels were measured. These raw fluorescent pulses were further divided into a rising domain, a stable domain and a declining domain. In addition, antibody solutions with labelled fluorescence were aspirated through the constriction microchannel, yielding curves to translate raw fluorescent levels to protein concentrations. By using key parameters of three domains as well as the calibration curves, cell diameters and the absolute number of β-actins at the single-cell level were quantified as 14.2 ± 1.7 μm and 9.62 ± 4.29 × 105 (A549, ncell = 14 242), 13.0 ± 2.0 μm and 6.46 ± 3.34 × 105 (Hep G2, ncell = 35 932), 13.8 ± 1.9 μm and 1.58 ± 0.90 × 106 (MCF 10 A, ncell = 16 650), and 12.7 ± 1.5 μm and 1.09 ± 0.49 × 106 (HeLa, ncell = 26 246). This platform could be further adopted to measure numbers of various cytosolic proteins, providing key insights in proteomics at the single-cell level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiufeng Li
- State Key Lab of Transducer Technology, Institute of Electronics of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing City, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing City, China
| | - Beiyuan Fan
- State Key Lab of Transducer Technology, Institute of Electronics of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing City, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing City, China
| | - Lixing Liu
- State Key Lab of Transducer Technology, Institute of Electronics of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing City, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing City, China
| | - Deyong Chen
- State Key Lab of Transducer Technology, Institute of Electronics of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing City, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing City, China
| | - Shanshan Cao
- State Key Lab of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China
| | - Dong Men
- State Key Lab of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Junbo Wang
- State Key Lab of Transducer Technology, Institute of Electronics of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing City, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing City, China.
| | - Jian Chen
- State Key Lab of Transducer Technology, Institute of Electronics of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing City, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing City, China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Fan B, Li X, Liu L, Chen D, Cao S, Men D, Wang J, Chen J. Absolute Copy Numbers of β-Actin Proteins Collected from 10,000 Single Cells. MICROMACHINES 2018; 9:mi9050254. [PMID: 30424187 PMCID: PMC6187317 DOI: 10.3390/mi9050254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Semi-quantitative studies have located varied expressions of β-actin proteins at the population level, questioning their roles as internal controls in western blots, while the absolute copy numbers of β-actins at the single-cell level are missing. In this study, a polymeric microfluidic flow cytometry was used for single-cell analysis, and the absolute copy numbers of single-cell β-actin proteins were quantified as 9.9 ± 4.6 × 105, 6.8 ± 4.0 × 105 and 11.0 ± 5.5 × 105 per cell for A549 (ncell = 14,754), Hep G2 (ncell = 36,949), and HeLa (ncell = 24,383), respectively. High coefficients of variation (~50%) and high quartile coefficients of dispersion (~30%) were located, indicating significant variations of β-actin proteins within the same cell type. Low p values (≪0.01) and high classification rates based on neural network (~70%) were quantified among A549, Hep G2 and HeLa cells, suggesting expression differences of β-actin proteins among three cell types. In summary, the results reported here indicate significant variations of β-actin proteins within the same cell type from cell to cell, and significant expression differences of β-actin proteins among different cell types, strongly questioning the properties of using β-actin proteins as internal controls in western blots.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beiyuan Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Institute of Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Xiufeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Institute of Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Lixing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Institute of Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Deyong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Institute of Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Shanshan Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China.
| | - Dong Men
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China.
| | - Junbo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Institute of Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Jian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Institute of Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Analysis of Gene Expression in an Inbred Line of Soft-Shell Clams ( Mya arenaria) Displaying Growth Heterosis: Regulation of Structural Genes and the NOD2 Pathway. Int J Genomics 2016; 2016:6720947. [PMID: 27822466 PMCID: PMC5086354 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6720947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mya arenaria is a bivalve mollusk of commercial and economic importance, currently impacted by ocean warming, acidification, and invasive species. In order to inform studies on the growth of M. arenaria, we selected and inbred a population of soft-shell clams for a fast-growth phenotype. This population displayed significantly faster growth (p < 0.0001), as measured by 35.4% greater shell size. To assess the biological basis of this growth heterosis, we characterized the complete transcriptomes of six individuals and identified differentially expressed genes by RNAseq. Pathways differentially expressed included structural gene pathways. Also differentially expressed was the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 2 (NOD2) receptor pathway that contributes to determination of growth, immunity, apoptosis, and proliferation. NOD2 pathway members that were upregulated included a subset of isoforms of RIPK2 (mean 3.3-fold increase in expression), ERK/MAPK14 (3.8-fold), JNK/MAPK8 (4.1-fold), and NFκB (4.08-fold). These transcriptomes will be useful resources for both the aquaculture community and researchers with an interest in mollusks and growth heterosis.
Collapse
|
20
|
Chen G, Zou Y, Zhang X, Xu L, Hu Q, Li T, Yao C, Yu S, Wang X, Wang C. β-Actin protein expression differs in the submandibular glands of male and female mice. Cell Biol Int 2016; 40:779-86. [PMID: 27079296 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
β-actin, a cytoskeletal protein, is the most widely used housekeeping gene. Although housekeeping genes are expressed in all tissues, the β-actin gene is expressed in certain cell types because of differential binding of transcriptional factors to the regulatory elements of the gene. The expression and localization of β-actin protein in the submandibular glands (SMG) of mice were investigated in this study, using Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry. In ICR and C57BL/6J mice, the levels of β-actin protein in the SMG of females are significantly higher than those in the SMG of males. β-actin protein is majorly distributed in acinar cells of SMG. There is no significant difference in the expression level of β-actin protein between females and castrated males. After castrated male ICR mice are treated with 10 mg/kg/day testosterone propionate (TP) for 3 weeks, the levels of β-actin protein in SMG decrease. The numbers of duct per unit area increase, whereas the numbers of acinus per unit area decrease after TP administration. These data suggest that β-actin protein is mainly distributed in acinar cells of SMG and results in a marked sexual dimorphism in mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gang Chen
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, 226007, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ye Zou
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, 226007, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai, 201508, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingfei Xu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, 226007, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiaoyun Hu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, 226007, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ting Li
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, 226007, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chenjuan Yao
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, 226007, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shali Yu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, 226007, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoke Wang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, 226007, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chun Wang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, 226007, Jiangsu, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Rengaraj A, Puthiaraj P, Haldorai Y, Heo NS, Hwang SK, Han YK, Kwon S, Ahn WS, Huh YS. Porous Covalent Triazine Polymer as a Potential Nanocargo for Cancer Therapy and Imaging. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:8947-55. [PMID: 26998679 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b00284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
A microporous covalent triazine polymer (CTP) network with a high surface area was synthesized via the Friedel-Crafts reaction and employed as a potential transport system for drug delivery and controlled release. The CTP was transformed to the nanoscale region by intense ultrasonication followed by filtration to yield nanoscale CTP (NCTP). This product showed excellent dispersibility in physiological solution while maintaining its chemical structure and porosity. An anticancer drug, doxorubicin (DOX), was loaded onto the NCTP through hydrophobic and π-π interactions, and its release was controlled at pH 4.8 and 7.4. The NCTP showed no toxicity toward cancer or normal cells, but the NCTP-DOX complex showed high efficacy against both types of cells in vitro. In-vitro cell imaging revealed that NCTP is a potential material for bioimaging. The potency of NCTP on cellular senescence was confirmed by the expression of senescence associated marker proteins p53 and p21. These results suggest that NCTP can be used as a new platform for drug delivery and imaging with potential applications in diagnosis and therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arunkumar Rengaraj
- Department of Biological Engineering, Biohybrid Systems Research Center (BSRC), Inha University , Incheon, 402-751, Republic of Korea
| | - Pillaiyar Puthiaraj
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inha University , Incheon 402-751, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuvaraj Haldorai
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul , Seoul, 100-715, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Su Heo
- Department of Biological Engineering, Biohybrid Systems Research Center (BSRC), Inha University , Incheon, 402-751, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Kyu Hwang
- Department of Biological Engineering, Biohybrid Systems Research Center (BSRC), Inha University , Incheon, 402-751, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Kyu Han
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul , Seoul, 100-715, Republic of Korea
| | - Soonjo Kwon
- Department of Biological Engineering, Integrated Tissue Culture Laboratory, Inha University , Incheon, 402-751, Republic of Korea
| | - Wha-Seung Ahn
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inha University , Incheon 402-751, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Suk Huh
- Department of Biological Engineering, Biohybrid Systems Research Center (BSRC), Inha University , Incheon, 402-751, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Shrikhande SV, Sirohi B, Barreto SG, Chacko RT, Parikh PM, Pautu J, Arya S, Patil P, Chilukuri SC, Ganesh B, Kaur T, Shukla D, Rath GS. Indian Council of Medical Research consensus document for the management of gastric cancer. Indian J Med Paediatr Oncol 2014; 35:239-43. [PMID: 25538398 PMCID: PMC4264267 DOI: 10.4103/0971-5851.144970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The document is based on consensus among the experts and best available evidence pertaining to Indian population and is meant for practice in India. Evaluation of a patient with newly diagnosed gastric cancer should include essential tests: A standard white light endoscopy with multiple biopsies from the tumor for confirmation of the diagnosis, a computed tomography (CT) scan (multi-detector or helical) of the abdomen and pelvis for staging with a CT chest or chest X-ray, and complete blood counts, renal and liver function tests. Endoscopic ultrasonography/ magnetic resonance imaging/positron emission tomography-CT is not recommended for all patients. For early stage disease (IA/B, N0), surgery alone is recommended. The need for adjuvant treatment would be guided by the histopathological analysis of the resected specimen. For locally advanced stage (IB, N+ to IIIC), neoadjuvant chemotherapy may be considered to downstage the disease followed by surgery. This may be followed by adjuvant chemotherapy (as part of the peri-operative chemotherapy regimen) Patients with stage IV/metastatic disease must be assessed for chemotherapy versus best supportive care on an individual basis. Clinical examination including history and physical examination are recommended at each follow-up visit, with a yearly CT scan of the chest, abdomen, and pelvis. HER2 testing should be considered in patients with metastatic disease. 5-FU may be replaced with capecitabine if patients do not have gastric outlet obstruction. Cisplatin may be replaced with oxaliplatin in the regimens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shailesh V Shrikhande
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Kiran Mazumdar Shaw Cancer Centre, Narayana Health, Bangalore, India
| | - Bhawna Sirohi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kiran Mazumdar Shaw Cancer Centre, Narayana Health, Bangalore, India
| | - Savio G Barreto
- Institute of Digestive and Hepatobiliary Sciences, Medanta - The Medicity, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
| | - Raju T Chacko
- Department of Medical Oncology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Purvish M Parikh
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Kiran Mazumdar Shaw Cancer Centre, Narayana Health, Bangalore, India
| | - Jeremy Pautu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mizoram Sate Cancer Institute, Aizwal, Mizoram, India
| | - Supreeta Arya
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Prachi Patil
- Department of DDCN, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | | | - B Ganesh
- Department of Epidemiology, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Tanvir Kaur
- Indian Council of Medical Research, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Deepak Shukla
- Indian Council of Medical Research, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Goura Shankar Rath
- Department of Radiotherapy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|