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Lei X, Zhou Y, Kong L, Kong Z. A rare case of adult pancreatic cavernous hemangioma. Asian J Surg 2024; 47:1197-1198. [PMID: 37968210 DOI: 10.1016/j.asjsur.2023.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Lei
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 467 Zhong Shan Road, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of DaLian Medical University, DaLian City, China
| | - Li Kong
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 467 Zhong Shan Road, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Zixuan Kong
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 467 Zhong Shan Road, Dalian, 116023, China.
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2
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Tidwell J, Thakkar B, Nguyen MTT, Zakko L, Potashinsky A, Parker S. A Novel Home for Hemangiomas: Sclerosing Hemangioma in the Pancreas. ACG Case Rep J 2024; 11:e01264. [PMID: 38274299 PMCID: PMC10810572 DOI: 10.14309/crj.0000000000001264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic hemangiomas, predominantly in female patients, are rare benign vascular tumors. We report a unique case of an incidentally discovered pancreatic sclerosing hemangioma. The patient's clinical presentation and imaging were concerning for an abdominal mass. Endoscopic ultrasound and histopathology confirmed the pancreatic sclerosing hemangioma. Because there were no complications, surgery was not performed, and the patient was monitored. Biopsy confirmation is crucial to rule out malignancy and avoid unnecessary surgical resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine Tidwell
- Department of Internal Medicine, UConn John Dempsey Hospital, Farmington, CT
| | - Bianca Thakkar
- Department of Internal Medicine, UConn John Dempsey Hospital, Farmington, CT
| | - Minh Thu T. Nguyen
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT
| | - Liam Zakko
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital of Central Connecticut, New Britain, CT
| | | | - Susan Parker
- Department of Pathology, Hartford HealthCare, Hartford, CT
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3
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Li T. Pancreatic cavernous hemangioma complicated with chronic intracapsular spontaneous hemorrhage: A case report and review of literature. World J Clin Cases 2023; 11:5615-5621. [PMID: 37637682 PMCID: PMC10450382 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v11.i23.5615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic cavernous hemangioma (pCH) is a rare type of benign vascular tumor. Making the right diagnosis is challenging due to low clinical suspicion and the lack of existing cross-sectional imaging tools to distinguish it from other pancreatic lesions. CASE SUMMARY We describe a male patient, age 18, who presented with a pCH. Computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and ultrasound showed cystic space in the tail of the pancreas. A dark spot sign on the T2 weighted image sequence was observed. Clinically, a mucinous cystic neoplasm with hemorrhage was suspected preoperatively by combining imaging, and the operative indication was clear. The patient underwent a distal pancreatic tumor resection under laparoscopic control. Immunohistochemical staining for CD31 and CD34 was positive; D2-40 was positive in interstitial lymphatic vessels and negative in vascular epithelial cells; and calcium-binding protein was negative. The results support the diagnosis of pCH combined with chronic intracapsular spontaneous hemorrhage. No complications or recurrences were observed during the follow-up period. CONCLUSION Chronic spontaneous hemorrhage may occur in pCH, which may greatly influence the accuracy of diagnosis using imaging modalities. Surgical resection for uncertain pCH seems reasonable with a good outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Li
- Department of Radiology, Yongkang First People’s Hospital, Yongkang 321300, Zhejiang Province, China
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4
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Hou XF, Zhao ZX, Liu LX, Zhang H. Retroperitoneal cavernous hemangioma misdiagnosed as lymphatic cyst: A case report and review of the literature. World J Clin Cases 2023; 11:3560-3570. [PMID: 37383918 PMCID: PMC10294187 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v11.i15.3560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary abdominal and retroperitoneal cavernous hemangioma is a vascular tumor and rarely seen in the clinic. Due to the lack of specific imaging features, retroperitoneal cavernous hemangioma cannot be diagnosed accurately. Some symptoms may develop with the enlargement of lesion volume or the occurrence of complications such as rupture or oppression. We report here a special case who was admitted with chronic abdominal pain. Admission examination suggested a retroperitoneal lymphatic duct cyst. Laparoscopic resection of the retroperitoneal mass was performed, and histological examination confirmed retroperitoneal cavernous hemangioma.
CASE SUMMARY The patient was a 43-year-old Tibetan woman with intermittent left lower abdominal pain and discomfort 3 years ago. Ultrasonography revealed a cystic mass in the retroperitoneum with clear boundaries, internal septa, and no blood flow signal. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed an irregular space-occupying mass in the retroperitoneum, and retroperitoneal lymphatic cyst was considered. Plain CT scanning showed multiple cyst-like hypo-intense shadows in the retroperitoneum, partially fused into a mass, and no obvious enhancement was found on enhanced scanning. MRI showed multiple irregular clump-like long T1 and long T2 signal shadows above the pancreas, within which linear short T2 signal shadows were seen. Diffusion-weighted imaging sequence showed hypo-signal shadows, without obvious enhancement on enhanced scanning. Ultrasound, CT, and MRI all suggested the possibility of retroperitoneal lymphatic cyst. However, the patient was finally diagnosed with retroperitoneal cavernous hemangioma by pathological examination.
CONCLUSION Retroperitoneal cavernous hemangioma is a benign lesion, and it is difficult to make a diagnosis preoperatively. Surgical resection may be the only treatment, which not only allows histopathological confirmation as a diagnostic purpose and excludes any risk of malignancy, but also avoids invasion of adjacent tissues, oppression, and other complications as a therapeutic goal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Fan Hou
- Medical College, Qinghai University, Xining 810000, Qinghai Province, China
| | - Zhan-Xue Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Xining 810000, Qinghai Province, China
| | - Lin-Xun Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Xining 810000, Qinghai Province, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Medical College, Qinghai University, Xining 810000, Qinghai Province, China
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5
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Jeong MA, Lee JK, Nam JH, Jang DK, Lim YJ, Lee JJ, Kim EJ. Pancreatic Hemangioma Suspected of Neuroendocrine Tumor. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY 2021; 76:46-48. [PMID: 32703920 DOI: 10.4166/kjg.2020.76.1.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Adult pancreatic hemangioma is an extremely rare disease, with only 22 cases reported since 1939. Pancreatic hemangioma has no specific symptoms, diagnostic imaging, or laboratory findings, making it difficult to be clinically suspected and diagnosed. The majority are confirmed after surgery. In this report, a 61-year-old woman presented with melena and showed multiple small hyper-vascular lesions in the pancreas. A pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor was suspected, and the patient underwent a distal pancreatectomy. The pathology examination and immunohistochemical study revealed a pancreatic hemangioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mo Ah Jeong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Goyang, Korea
| | - Jun Kyu Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Goyang, Korea
| | - Ji Hyung Nam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Goyang, Korea
| | - Dong Kee Jang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Goyang, Korea
| | - Yun Jeong Lim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Goyang, Korea
| | - Jeong-Ju Lee
- Department of Pathology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Goyang, Korea
| | - Eo-Jin Kim
- Department of Pathology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Goyang, Korea
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6
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Langmaid T, Ellis S, Fisher L, Pilgrim C. Conservative management of adult pancreatic haemangioma: case study and literature review. BMJ Case Rep 2021; 14:14/1/e239147. [PMID: 33500307 PMCID: PMC7839894 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2020-239147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic haemangiomas are a rare cause of pancreatic lesions in adults. Diagnosis is challenging as they are seldom suspected and difficult to differentiate on imaging. Historically, pancreatic haemangiomas have been managed surgically despite their benign nature, largely due to diagnostic uncertainty. We present the case of a 69-year-old woman who, through combination of radiological, biochemical and endoscopic investigations, was diagnosed with pancreatic haemangioma and managed conservatively, avoiding the morbidity and mortality associated with surgical resection of a benign lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tess Langmaid
- Department of General Surgery, Hepato Pancreato Billiary Unit, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Samantha Ellis
- Department of Radiology, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Leon Fisher
- Department of Gastroenterology, Cabrini Health, Malvern, Victoria, Australia
| | - Charles Pilgrim
- Department of General Surgery, Hepato Pancreato Billiary Unit, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Zhou J, Chen Z. Rare adult pancreatic hemangioma: review of the literature with a case report. Gland Surg 2020; 9:1596-1604. [PMID: 33224837 DOI: 10.21037/gs-20-281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Adult pancreatic hemangioma is an especially rare benign tumor that is hard to diagnose through imaging examinations, meanwhile its histopathological and immunohistochemical studies have rarely been reported. At this time, only 29 cases in 27 publications have been reported. We report a new case as well as review these literatures. A 71-year-old woman came to our hospital with slight pain on left upper abdomen for three days. But the results obtained from the physical or laboratory examination were all negative so that her symptoms could not be explained clearly. The imaging examinations including ultrasonography and computed tomography both showed a mixed mass in the neck of the pancreas. The preoperative diagnosis of cystadenoma or adenocarcinoma was made, with high suspicious of malignancy. The patient underwent a central pancreatectomy with pancreatojejunostomy, but the pathologic diagnosis was pancreatic hemangioma. The immunohistochemical examination found the positive benign vascular markers (CD31, CD34) and negative lymphocyte markers (D2-40). Moreover, Ki-67 negativity also revealed its benign nature. After 36 months of follow-up, the patient has no complaints for abdominal pain. In conclusion, adult pancreatic hemangioma is extremely rare without any specific clinical manifestations. It is usually diagnosed postoperatively by histological examination and immunohistochemical studies. Imaging examinations, including computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, can't give definite conclusion. Endoscopic-ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration is conditionally worth doing, which can give some hints and exclude the malignancy of the lesion. If malignancy can be safely ruled out, the surgical decision must be made according to risk-benefit analysist. Maybe close observation and regular follow-up are more beneficial options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The 960th Hospital of PLA, Jinan, China
| | - Zhong Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The 960th Hospital of PLA, Jinan, China
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Jin C, Mo JG, Jiang H, Wang LZ, Zou H, Wang KP. Adult pancreatic hemangioma: a rare case report and literature review. BMC Surg 2020; 20:118. [PMID: 32493358 PMCID: PMC7268514 DOI: 10.1186/s12893-020-00779-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adult pancreatic hemangioma is an extremely rare type of benign vascular tumor. To date, about 20 cases have been reported in the English literature. Adult patients with pancreatic hemangiomas usually have no specific symptoms, particularly in early stages. Therefore, it is difficult to detect and diagnose these lesions, which usually are identified during cross sectional imaging for an apparently unrelated causes or when biliary obstruction occurs because of compression by a tumor. Case presentation This study presents the case of a 52-year-old female with a chief complaint of epigastric pain. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography revealed a well-defined mass with mildly inhomogeneous enhancement in the body of the pancreas. Endoscopic ultrasonography showed calcifications in the lesion, and a few small vessels were detected by Doppler imaging. The patient received a central pancreatectomy, and pathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of pancreatic hemangioma. Conclusion In this report, we reviewed the clinical manifestations, radiologic features, preoperative diagnosis, pathologic characteristics, and surgical treatment of adult pancreatic hemangioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Jin
- Department of General Surgery, Taizhou Central Hospital, Taizhou University Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang, 318000, China
| | - Jing-Gang Mo
- Department of General Surgery, Taizhou Central Hospital, Taizhou University Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang, 318000, China
| | - Hao Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, Taizhou Central Hospital, Taizhou University Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang, 318000, China
| | - Lie-Zhi Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Taizhou Central Hospital, Taizhou University Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang, 318000, China
| | - Heng Zou
- Department of General Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China
| | - Kun-Peng Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Taizhou Central Hospital, Taizhou University Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang, 318000, China.
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Wu F, Hu M, Cao M, Ou M, Li Q, Liu Z. Giant Mesenteric Mixed Hemangioma Misdiagnosed as Ovarian Cyst: A Case Report and a Literature Review. Ann Vasc Surg 2020; 67:567.e1-567.e4. [PMID: 32209416 DOI: 10.1016/j.avsg.2020.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Hemangiomas are congenital vascular disorders that occur primarily in the face and neck, extremely rare in the mesentery. Here, we report a rare small mesenteric mixed hemangioma. A 34-year-old woman was admitted to the gynecology department for an extended menstrual cycle. A cystic multi-atrial mass at the right anterior of uterus was observed by ultrasound examination, which was about 12.5 × 9.5 × 14.9 cm in size. The gynecologist mostly considered the possibility of the ovarian cyst. However, there was a huge multi-atrial cyst in the small intestine mesentery without the right ovarian cyst in the surgical exploration. The grape-like cystic mass about 15 cm in diameter adhered to the mesenteric root of the small intestine. The cyst was diagnosed as the mesenteric mixed hemangioma in the final histopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifeng Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Hu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingrong Cao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Maoqiang Ou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhilong Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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10
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Lianyuan T, Yafeng W, Haibo Y, Yadong D, Jiahao M, Yuanxiang L, Deyu L. Adult pancreatic cavernous hemangioma: case presentation of a benign tumor with a complex composition. BMC Gastroenterol 2019; 19:197. [PMID: 31771513 PMCID: PMC6880481 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-019-1119-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pancreatic cavernous hemangioma is an extremely rare benign tumor that is difficult to diagnose on an imaging examination, and its histopathological examination has rarely been reported. Case presentation Herein, we present the case of a 63-year-old man who was admitted to the hospital due to left upper abdominal pain and defecation unformed for more than 2 years. None of the positive results obtained from the physical examination could explain his symptoms. The imaging examination indicated a multilocular cyst with septa in the head of the pancreas. The patient underwent a pancreaticoduodenectomy, and the pathologic diagnosis was pancreatic cavernous hemangioma. The histopathological examination showed that the lesion was positive for benign vascular markers, such as CD31, CD34 and F8, and negative for lymphocyte markers, such as D2–40. Moreover, it was also positive for ERG and cytokeratin markers, CAM5.2 and AE1/AE3, indicating the complexity of its components, and Ki-67 negativity revealed its benign nature. Conclusions Pancreatic cavernous hemangioma has a complex composition that may be reflected not only in the imaging examination but also in the immunohistochemical detection, and it may achieve a good outcome by surgical excision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Lianyuan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, No. 7 Weiwu Road, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Wang Yafeng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, No. 7 Weiwu Road, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Yu Haibo
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, No. 7 Weiwu Road, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Dong Yadong
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, No. 7 Weiwu Road, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Ma Jiahao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, No. 7 Weiwu Road, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Lu Yuanxiang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, No. 7 Weiwu Road, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Li Deyu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, No. 7 Weiwu Road, Zhengzhou, 450003, China.
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11
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Raymundo SRDO, Hussain KMK, Hussein KG, Kuga ML. Rare case of adult pancreatic haemangioma and literature review. BMJ Case Rep 2018; 2018:bcr-2018-226456. [PMID: 30297496 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2018-226456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic haemangiomas are benign vascular tumours very rare in adults. Twenty-two cases are described in the literature. The symptoms are non-specific, and therefore rarely clinically suspected, and the vast majority are incidental findings in imaging tests such as ultrasound, CT, angiography or MRI. They appear on CT as a cystic lesion with contrast enhancement in the arterial phase. We present the case of a 36-year-old male patient with no history of disease, referred with lumbar pain and suspected renal calculus after tomography showing hypervascular enhancement in the pancreatic body and infiltrative lesion (possible neuroendocrine neoplasia) on MRI and biliopancreatic echoendoscopy. He was submitted to laparotomy with subtotal pancreatectomy and splenectomy and satisfactory evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selma Regina de Oliveira Raymundo
- Cardiologia e Cirugia Vascular, Faculdade de Medicina de Sao Jose do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil.,Cirurgia Geral, Hospital Austa, Sao Jose Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - Kassim Mohamede Kassim Hussain
- Cirurgia Geral, Hospital Austa, Sao Jose Rio Preto, Brazil.,Cirurgia Geral, Faculdade de Medicina de Sao Jose do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Magali Lúcia Kuga
- Cirurgia Geral, Hospital Austa, Sao Jose Rio Preto, Brazil.,Cirurgia Geral, Faculdade de Medicina de Sao Jose do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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12
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Abstract
In this review, we will focus on rare pancreatic tumors. Most of these tumors do not have distinct characteristic appearances so the key to diagnosis requires a combination of imaging appearance, laboratory data, patient demographics, and associated medical syndromes in order to narrow the differential diagnosis. Nonetheless, imaging plays a vital role in narrowing the differential and guiding management. While there are many variant pathologic entities that cannot be encompassed by a single review, we aim to illustrate the imaging appearance of less common pancreatic tumors highlighting key distinctive diagnostic characteristics and discuss the implications for management. While there is overlap in the imaging appearances of many of these entities, for educational purposes, lesions will be categorized into solid (hypoenhancing and hyperenhancing), cystic lesions, mesenchymal neoplasms, and neoplasms seen in younger patients (< 40 years).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Steinman
- Columbia University Medical Center, 622 W. 168th Street, PB 1-301, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Atif Zaheer
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 601 N. Caroline Street, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michael D Kluger
- Columbia University Medical Center, 161 Fort Washington Avenue, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Helen Remotti
- Columbia University Medical Center, 630 West 168th Street, VC 14-215, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Hecht
- Columbia University Medical Center, 622 W. 168th Street, PB 1-301, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
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