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Mo C, Shiozaki Y, Omabe K, Liu Y. Understanding the Human RECQ5 Helicase-Connecting the Dots from DNA to Clinics. Cells 2023; 12:2037. [PMID: 37626846 PMCID: PMC10453775 DOI: 10.3390/cells12162037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
RECQ5, a member of the conserved RECQ helicase family, is the sole human RECQ homolog that has not been linked to a hereditary developmental syndrome. Nonetheless, dysregulation of RECQ5 has emerged as a significant clinical concern, being linked to cancer predisposition, cardiovascular disease, and inflammation. In cells, RECQ5 assumes a crucial role in the regulation of DNA repair pathways, particularly in the repair of DNA double-strand breaks and inter-strand DNA crosslinks. Moreover, RECQ5 exhibits a capacity to modulate gene expression by interacting with transcription machineries and their co-regulatory proteins, thus safeguarding against transcription-induced DNA damage. This review aims to provide an overview of the multifaceted functions of RECQ5 and its implications in maintaining genomic stability. We will discuss the potential effects of clinical variants of RECQ5 on its cellular functions and their underlying mechanisms in the pathogenesis of cancer and cardiovascular disease. We will review the impact of RECQ5 variants in the field of pharmacogenomics, specifically their influence on drug responses, which may pave the way for novel therapeutic interventions targeting RECQ5 in human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yilun Liu
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010-3000, USA
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Witjes JJ, Smits LP, Pekmez CT, Prodan A, Meijnikman AS, Troelstra MA, Bouter KEC, Herrema H, Levin E, Holleboom AG, Winkelmeijer M, Beuers UH, van Lienden K, Aron-Wisnewky J, Mannisto V, Bergman JJ, Runge JH, Nederveen AJ, Dragsted LO, Konstanti P, Zoetendal EG, de Vos W, Verheij J, Groen AK, Nieuwdorp M. Donor Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Alters Gut Microbiota and Metabolites in Obese Individuals With Steatohepatitis. Hepatol Commun 2020; 4:1578-1590. [PMID: 33163830 PMCID: PMC7603524 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal microbiota has been linked to the development and prevalence of steatohepatitis in humans. Interestingly, steatohepatitis is significantly lower in individuals taking a plant-based, low-animal-protein diet, which is thought to be mediated by gut microbiota. However, data on causality between these observations in humans is scarce. In this regard, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) using healthy donors is safe and is capable of changing microbial composition in human disease. We therefore performed a double-blind randomized controlled proof-of-principle study in which individuals with hepatic steatosis on ultrasound were randomized to two study arms: lean vegan donor (allogenic n = 10) or own (autologous n = 11) FMT. Both were performed three times at 8-week intervals. A liver biopsy was performed at baseline and after 24 weeks in every subject to determine histopathology (Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis Clinical Research Network) classification and changes in hepatic gene expression based on RNA sequencing. Secondary outcome parameters were changes in intestinal microbiota composition and fasting plasma metabolomics. We observed a trend toward improved necro-inflammatory histology, and found significant changes in expression of hepatic genes involved in inflammation and lipid metabolism following allogenic FMT. Intestinal microbial community structure changed following allogenic FMT, which was associated with changes in plasma metabolites as well as markers of . Conclusion: Allogenic FMT using lean vegan donors in individuals with hepatic steatosis shows an effect on intestinal microbiota composition, which is associated with beneficial changes in plasma metabolites and markers of steatohepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia J Witjes
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine Amsterdam University Medical Centers Location AMC Amsterdam the Netherlands
| | - Loek P Smits
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine Amsterdam University Medical Centers Location AMC Amsterdam the Netherlands
| | - Ceyda T Pekmez
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Andrei Prodan
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine Amsterdam University Medical Centers Location AMC Amsterdam the Netherlands
| | - Abraham S Meijnikman
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine Amsterdam University Medical Centers Location AMC Amsterdam the Netherlands
| | - Marian A Troelstra
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine Amsterdam University Medical Centers Location AMC Amsterdam the Netherlands
| | - Kristien E C Bouter
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine Amsterdam University Medical Centers Location AMC Amsterdam the Netherlands
| | - Hilde Herrema
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine Amsterdam University Medical Centers Location AMC Amsterdam the Netherlands
| | - Evgeni Levin
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine Amsterdam University Medical Centers Location AMC Amsterdam the Netherlands
| | - Adriaan G Holleboom
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine Amsterdam University Medical Centers Location AMC Amsterdam the Netherlands
| | - Maaike Winkelmeijer
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine Amsterdam University Medical Centers Location AMC Amsterdam the Netherlands
| | - Ulrich H Beuers
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Amsterdam University Medical Centers Location AMC Amsterdam the Netherlands
| | - Krijn van Lienden
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine Amsterdam University Medical Centers Location AMC Amsterdam the Netherlands
| | - Judith Aron-Wisnewky
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine Amsterdam University Medical Centers Location AMC Amsterdam the Netherlands
| | - Ville Mannisto
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine Amsterdam University Medical Centers Location AMC Amsterdam the Netherlands
| | - Jacques J Bergman
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Amsterdam University Medical Centers Location AMC Amsterdam the Netherlands
| | - Jurgen H Runge
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine Amsterdam University Medical Centers Location AMC Amsterdam the Netherlands
| | - Aart J Nederveen
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine Amsterdam University Medical Centers Location AMC Amsterdam the Netherlands
| | - Lars O Dragsted
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Prokopis Konstanti
- Laboratory of Microbiology Wageningen University Wageningen the Netherlands
| | - Erwin G Zoetendal
- Laboratory of Microbiology Wageningen University Wageningen the Netherlands
| | - Willem de Vos
- Laboratory of Microbiology Wageningen University Wageningen the Netherlands.,Faculty of Medicine Human Microbiome Research Program University of Helsinki Finland
| | - Joanne Verheij
- Department of Pathology Amsterdam University Medical Centers Location AMC Amsterdam the Netherlands
| | - Albert K Groen
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine Amsterdam University Medical Centers Location AMC Amsterdam the Netherlands.,Department of Laboratory Medicine University of Groningen University Medical Center Groningen the Netherlands
| | - Max Nieuwdorp
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine Amsterdam University Medical Centers Location AMC Amsterdam the Netherlands
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Betulin inhibits lipopolysaccharide/D-galactosamine-induced acute liver injury in mice through activating PPAR-γ. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 106:941-945. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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Altered RECQL5 expression in urothelial bladder carcinoma increases cellular proliferation and makes RECQL5 helicase activity a novel target for chemotherapy. Oncotarget 2018; 7:76140-76150. [PMID: 27764811 PMCID: PMC5342802 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
RECQ helicases are a family of enzymes with both over lapping and unique functions. Functional autosomal recessive loss of three members of the family BLM, WRN and RECQL4, results in hereditary human syndromes characterized by cancer predisposition and premature aging, but despite the finding that RECQL5 deficient mice are cancer prone, no such link has been made to human RECQL5. Here we demonstrate that human urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (UCC) has increased expression of RECQL5 compared to normal bladder tissue and that increasing RECQL5 expression can drive proliferation of normal bladder cells and is associated with poor prognosis. Further, by expressing a helicase dead RECQL5 and by depleting bladder cancer cells of RECQL5 we show that inhibition of RECQL5 activity has potential as a new target for treatment of UCC.
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Abstract
Nicks are the most common form of DNA damage, but they have only recently been shown to initiate damage that requires repair. Analysis of the pathways of nick repair in human cells has benefited from the development of enzymes that target nicks to specific sites in the genome and of reporters that enable rapid analysis of homology-directed repair and mutagenic end joining. Nicks undergo efficient repair by single-stranded oligonucleotide donors complementary to either the nicked or intact DNA strand, via pathways that are normally suppressed by RAD51. Here we discuss the details of reporter assays that take advantage of the convenience and sensitivity of flow cytometry to analyze pathways of repair at targeted DNA nicks. These assays are readily carried out in 96-well format cell culture plates, enabling mechanistic questions to be addressed by determining the contributions of specific factors by depletion and/or ectopic expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luther Davis
- University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States.
| | - Yinbo Zhang
- University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Nancy Maizels
- University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
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Liu X, Lin X, Mi Y, Li J, Zhang C. Grape Seed Proanthocyanidin Extract Prevents Ovarian Aging by Inhibiting Oxidative Stress in the Hens. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:9390810. [PMID: 29541349 PMCID: PMC5818927 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9390810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 10/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is an important inducement in ovarian aging which results in fecundity decline in human and diverse animals. As a potent antioxidant, grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) was investigated to ameliorate chicken ovarian aging in this study. Firstly, ovarian antioxidant capacity of hens at different ages (90, 150, 280, and 580 days old) was compared to elucidate its age-related changes. Subsequently, a D-gal-induced (2.5 mg/mL) aging ovarian model was established and the cultured ovarian tissues were treated with GSPE at 5 μg/mL for 72 h to evaluate the putative attenuating effects of GSPE on ovarian aging. Meanwhile, ovaries of D280 (young) and D580 (old) were treated with GSPE for 72 h in culture to verify the protective effects of GSPE on natural aging ovary. The results showed that GSPE could rescue the antioxidant capacity decline by increasing the antioxidase activities and their gene expression in either D-gal-induced or natural aging ovaries. Moreover, GSPE could maintain the homeostasis between cell proliferation and apoptosis in the D-gal-induced and natural aging ovaries, as well as alleviate D-gal-induced nucleus chromatin condensation in the ovarian granulosa cells. In conclusion, GSPE treatment can effectively prevent the ovarian aging process in hens by reducing oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingting Liu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, No. 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xin Lin
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, No. 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yuling Mi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, No. 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, No. 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Caiqiao Zhang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, No. 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Li C, Ma D, Chen M, Zhang L, Zhang L, Zhang J, Qu X, Wang C. Ulinastatin attenuates LPS-induced human endothelial cells oxidative damage through suppressing JNK/c-Jun signaling pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 474:572-578. [PMID: 27109479 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.04.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced oxidative stress is a main feature observed in the sepsis by increasing endothelial oxidative damage. Many studies have demonstrated that Ulinastatin (UTI) can inhibit pro-inflammatory proteases, decrease inflammatory cytokine levels and suppress oxidative stress. However, the potential molecular mechanism underlying UTI which exerts its antioxidant effect is not well understood. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of UTI on the LPS-induced oxidative stress and the underlying mechanisms using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). After oxidative stress induced By LPS in HUVECs, the cell viability and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cytoplasm were measured. In addition, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were examined. We found that LPS resulted in a profound elevation of ROS production and MDA levels. The decrease in Cu/Zn-SOD protein and increased in Mn-SOD protein were observed in a time- and dose-dependent manner. These responses were suppressed by an addition of UTI. The increase in c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK) phosphorylation by LPS in HUVECs was markedly blocked by UTI or JNK inhibitor SP600125. Our results suggest that UTI exerts its anti-oxidant effects by decreasing overproduction of ROS induced by LPS via suppressing JNK/c-Jun phosphorylation. Therefore UTI may play a protective role in vascular endothelial injury induced by oxidative stress such as sepsis. This study may provide insight into a possible molecular mechanism by which Ulinastatin inhibits LPS-induced oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunping Li
- Department of Critical-Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, China
| | - Dandan Ma
- Department of Critical-Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, China
| | - Man Chen
- Department of Critical-Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, China
| | - Linlin Zhang
- Department of Critical-Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261000, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Critical-Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, China
| | - Jicheng Zhang
- Department of Critical-Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, China
| | - Xin Qu
- Department of Critical-Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, China
| | - Chunting Wang
- Department of Critical-Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, China.
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