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Tomsuk Ö, Kuete V, Sivas H, Kürkçüoğlu M. Effects of essential oil of Origanum onites and its major component carvacrol on the expression of toxicity pathway genes in HepG2 cells. BMC Complement Med Ther 2024; 24:265. [PMID: 38992651 PMCID: PMC11238398 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-024-04571-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Origanum species have been used in various commercial constructions as a remedy against burns and wounds, agriculture, alcoholic drinks, fragrance, and flavoring substances of food products. The essential oil of Origanum onites L. (EOOO) and its component carvacrol (CV) possesses a wide range of biological activities including anti-cancer activity. PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to investigate the growth inhibitory activity of the essential oil and its major component CV and then hepatotoxicity pathway-related genes in HepG2 cells. METHODS The effects of the EOOO and CV on cell growth and mRNA expressions of 84 hepatotoxicity pathway-related genes were investigated in HepG2, using trypan blue exclusion/ bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation tests and real-time-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) array, respectively. RESULTS The EOOO and CV inhibited cell growth with IC50 values of 0.08 µg/mL and 45 µg/mL, respectively, after 24 h. Real-time, reverse-transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT2-PCR) array analysis revealed that expressions of 32 genes out of 84 were changed at least 2-fold or more in the EOOO-treated cells. Among them, expression levels of 17 genes were elevated, while expression levels of 15 genes were diminished. Furthermore, after exposure of cells to 45 µg/mL of CV, the expression of 8 genes was increased while the other 8 genes were decreased. Both the EOOO and carvacrol affected the expression of 48 genes of HepG2 cells which are involved in the hepatotoxicity pathway, indicating their hepatoprotective and possible anti-hepatocarcinogenic effects. CONCLUSION The present study demonstrates that the essential oil of Origanum onites and carvacrol can be used in various applications such as anticancer or herbal drugs, since its non-hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özlem Tomsuk
- Cellular Therapy and Stem Cell Production Application and Research Centre (ESTEM), Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, 26480, Turkey.
- Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Biotechnology and Biosafety Department, Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Eskişehir, Turkey.
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology, Anadolu University, Eskişehir Technical University, Eskişehir, Turkey.
| | - Victor Kuete
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 1499, Bafoussam, Cameroon.
| | - Hülya Sivas
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology, Anadolu University, Eskişehir Technical University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Mine Kürkçüoğlu
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
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Banerjee A, Sriramulu S, Catanzaro R, He F, Chabria Y, Balakrishnan B, Hari S, Ayala A, Muñoz M, Pathak S, Marotta F. Natural Compounds as Integrative Therapy for Liver Protection against Inflammatory and Carcinogenic Mechanisms: From Induction to Molecular Biology Advancement. Curr Mol Med 2023; 23:216-231. [PMID: 35297348 DOI: 10.2174/1566524022666220316102310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The liver is exposed to several harmful substances that bear the potential to cause excessive liver damage ranging from hepatitis and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease to extreme cases of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Liver ailments have been effectively treated from very old times with Chinese medicinal herbal formulations and later also applied by controlled trials in Japan. However, these traditional practices have been hardly well characterized in the past till in the last decades when more qualified studies have been carried out. Modern advances have given rise to specific molecular targets which are specifically good candidates for affecting the intricate mechanisms that play a role at the molecular level. These therapeutic regimens that mainly affect the progression of the disease by inhibiting the gene expression levels or by blocking essential molecular pathways or releasing cytokines may prove to play a vital role in minimizing the tissue damage. This review, therefore, tries to throw light upon the variation in the therapies for the treatment of benign and malignant liver disease from ancient times to the current date. Nonetheless, clinical research exploring the effectiveness of herbal medicines in the treatment of benign chronic liver diseases as well as prevention and treatment of HCC is still warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antara Banerjee
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Chennai 603103, India
| | - Sushmitha Sriramulu
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Chennai 603103, India
| | - Roberto Catanzaro
- Dept of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Fang He
- Dept of Nutrition, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yashna Chabria
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Chennai 603103, India
| | | | - Sruthi Hari
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Chennai 603103, India
| | - Antonio Ayala
- Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Spain
| | - Mario Muñoz
- Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Surajit Pathak
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Chennai 603103, India
| | - Francesco Marotta
- ReGenera R&D International for Aging Intervention, Milano, Italy and Vitality and Longevity Medical Science Commission, FEMTEC World Federation
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Su CM, Wang HC, Hsu FT, Lu CH, Lai CK, Chung JG, Kuo YC. Astragaloside IV Induces Apoptosis, G 1-Phase Arrest and Inhibits Anti-apoptotic Signaling in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. In Vivo 2020; 34:631-638. [PMID: 32111763 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.11817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a primary malignancy of the liver and the third leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Although multiple chemotherapies options are available for HCC, chemo-induced toxicity is inevitable during clinical treatment. Therefore, identifying possible adjuvant agents with both liver-protective and antitumor effects is critical. Herbal medicines have chemopreventive and anti-HCC effect, such as Juzen taiho-to and Sho-saiko-to. Astragaloside IV is a compound extracted from the Chinese medical herb Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge. with liver protection potential. However, whether astragaloside IV may also possess tumor-inhibitory capability and its underlying mechanism is remaining unknown. MATERIALS AND METHODS Viability analysis, cell-cycle analysis, apoptosis analysis, western blotting analysis and invasion trans-well assay were performed to identify tumor-inhibitory potential of astragaloside IV on HCC cells (SK-Hep1 and Hep3B cells). RESULTS We found that astragaloside IV may induce cytotoxicity and extrinsic/intrinsic apoptosis effect, but also trigger G1 arrest in HCC cells. The expression of anti-apoptotic proteins of HCC were all reduced by astragaloside IV. Additionally, astragaloside IV also suppressed HCC cell invasion ability. CONCLUSION Astragaloside IV effectively suppressed HCC cell proliferation, invasion and anti-apoptosis in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Min Su
- Department of Surgery, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hsiao-Chia Wang
- Emergency Department, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.,School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Fei-Ting Hsu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chun-Hui Lu
- Division of Pharmacy, Zuoying Branch of Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Business Management, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chien-Kai Lai
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jing-Gung Chung
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yu-Cheng Kuo
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C. .,Department of Radiation Oncology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Yan F, Feng M, Wang X, Wang P, Xie Y, Liu X, Li W, Yang Z. Molecular targets of Yangyin Fuzheng Jiedu Prescription in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma based on network pharmacology analysis. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:540. [PMID: 33292207 PMCID: PMC7650191 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01596-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Yangyin Fuzheng Jiedu Prescription (YFJP) is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) indicated for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Its potential targets and molecular mechanisms are not clear. Therefore, this study intends to explore the molecular mechanism of YFJP based on network pharmacology analysis and in vitro validation. Methods and results Through univariate and multivariate analyses and survival analysis in HCC patients with or without YFJP treatment we found that drinking alcohol, alfafeto protein ≥ 400 ng/l, baseline portal vein tumor thrombus and total bilirubin level ≥ 18.8 μM) were independent risk factors for poor prognosis, while red blood cell count ≥ 4 × 109/l and TCM treatment were independent protective factors. Besides, YFJP prolonged the cumulative survival of HCC patients. Using online pharmacological methods, we obtained 58 relevant compounds and molecular 53 targets. By using scratch test, Transwell assay, EdU assay, and TUNEL staining, we found that YFJP-containing serum repressed the migration, invasion and proliferation of HCC cells in vitro, and induced cell apoptosis. Moreover, YFJP diminished the gene expression of TP53, CCND1, p-EGFR, EGF, VEGFA, JUN, IL6, COX-2, AKT1, and MAPK1 in HCC cells, but elevated the expression of ESR1 and CASP3. Conclusions Taken together, results showed that YFJP attenuated HCC progression through mediating effects on HCC-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengna Yan
- Center for Integrative Medicine, Beijing Ditan Hospital Capital Medical University, No. 8, Jingshun East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100015, People's Republic of China
| | - Miaomiao Feng
- Spleen Stomach Institute, Longhua Hospital Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinhui Wang
- Center for Integrative Medicine, Beijing Ditan Hospital Capital Medical University, No. 8, Jingshun East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100015, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Wang
- Center for Integrative Medicine, Beijing Ditan Hospital Capital Medical University, No. 8, Jingshun East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100015, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqing Xie
- Center for Integrative Medicine, Beijing Ditan Hospital Capital Medical University, No. 8, Jingshun East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100015, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- Center for Integrative Medicine, Beijing Ditan Hospital Capital Medical University, No. 8, Jingshun East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100015, People's Republic of China
| | - Weihong Li
- School of Nursing, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 11, Bei San Huan East Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhiyun Yang
- Center for Integrative Medicine, Beijing Ditan Hospital Capital Medical University, No. 8, Jingshun East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100015, People's Republic of China.
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Pouraminaei M, Mirzaiey MR, Khoshdel A, Hajizadeh MR, Mahmoodi M, Fahmidehkar MA. The effect of Cressa Cretica hydroalcoholic extract on apoptosis and the expression of Bcl2, Bax and P53 genes in hepatoma cell line HepG2. GENE REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2020.100692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Li Y, Chen L, Pu R, Zhou L, Zhou X, Li X. Effects of a Matrine- and Sophoridine-Containing Herbal Compound Medicine (AH-05) on Liver Cancer. Nat Prod Commun 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x20935227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Herbal medicine can present an alternative way of treating liver cancer. Here, we explored a matrine- and sophoridine-containing herbal compound medicine (AH-05) extracted from Adenophora capillaris, Sophora flavescens, Astragalus, and other plants. H22 and HepG2 cell models, as well as an H22 xenograft model, were established. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were measured in vitro, and tumor volume and weight were observed in vivo. The activation of AKT/mTOR and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathways in tumor cells and the polarization of CD4/CD8 T cells in the spleen were tested. To assess safety, hematological toxicity and pathology of the liver, kidney, spleen, and intestine were evaluated. AH-05 inhibited cell viability in a dose- and time-dependent manner. In vivo, tumor volume and weight were reduced, and the activation of NF-κB p50, NF-κB p65, AKT, p-AKT Ser473, and mTOR was suppressed. In addition, AH-05 promoted CD4+ T cell polarization in the spleen. With regard to safety, slight intestinal mucosa edema was observed, but no severe pathological or hematological toxicity was detected. AH-05 exhibited its therapeutic effects against liver cancer by regulating the AKT/mTOR and NF-κB signaling pathways, and the immune environment, by promoting CD4+ T cell polarization in the spleen. Thus, AH-05 represents a potential supplementary herbal compound medicine for liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanchu Li
- Oncology Department, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lu Chen
- Research Department, Chengdu Fuxing Hospital, China
| | - Rong Pu
- Oncology Department, Chengdu Fuxing Hospital, China
| | - Lu Zhou
- Research Department, Chengdu Fuxing Hospital, China
| | - Xufeng Zhou
- Research Department, Chengdu Fuxing Hospital, China
| | - Xianyong Li
- Oncology Department, Chengdu Fuxing Hospital, China
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Efficacy of Juzentaihoto for Tumor Immunotherapy in B16 Melanoma Metastasis Model. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 2017:6054706. [PMID: 28286532 PMCID: PMC5329671 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6054706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Introduction. Medical care for Japanese cancer patients includes Western and Kampo medicines, and treatments with juzentaihoto (JTT) reportedly prevent cancer metastasis and recurrence. In this study, we examined the effects of JTT on natural killer (NK) cell activity and metastasis in combined treatments with anti-PD-1 antibody in a mouse model of melanoma metastasis. Methods. C57BL/6 male mice were intravenously injected with B16 melanoma cells (B16 cell) and were given chow containing 3% JTT. In subsequent in vivo experiments, we assessed serum cytokine levels and tumor colony formation in the lungs. Additionally, we assessed NK cell activity in ex vivo experiments. Results. JTT significantly suppressed B16 cell metastasis, whereas injection of anti-asialo-GM1 antibody into mice abrogated the inhibitory actions of JTT. JTT significantly increased interleukin- (IL-) 12 and interferon- (IFN-) γ levels in serum and induced NK cell activity. It increased the inhibitory actions of the anti-PD-1 antibody on B16 cell metastasis. Discussion. These data suggest that JTT inhibits B16 cell metastasis by inducing NK cell activity. Additionally, combination therapy with JTT and anti-PD-1 antibody increased treatment response rates for B16 melanoma.
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Tsai TY, Livneh H, Hung TH, Lin IH, Lu MC, Yeh CC. Associations between prescribed Chinese herbal medicine and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic hepatitis B: a nationwide population-based cohort study. BMJ Open 2017; 7:e014571. [PMID: 28122837 PMCID: PMC5278254 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-014571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) are reported to exhibit higher risk of subsequent hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, it remains unclear if Chinese herbal medicine (CHM), an important category of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), may lower HCC risk in this population. So this study aimed to investigate the effects of CHM on HCC risk among patients with CHB. METHODS This cohort study used the Taiwanese National Health Insurance Research Database to identify 21 020 newly diagnosed patients with CHB from 1998 to 2007. Among them, 8640 received CHM products after CHB onset (CHM users), and the remaining 12 380 patients were designated as a control group (non-CHM users). All enrolees were followed until the end of 2012 to measure the incidence rate and HR of HCC. RESULTS During 15 years of follow-up, 371 CHM users and 958 non-CHM users developed HCC, representing an incidence rate of 5.28% and 10.18% per 1000 person-years, respectively. CHM users had significantly lower HCC risk compared with non-CHM users (adjusted HR=0.63, 95% CI 0.56 to 0.72). The predominant effect was observed in those receiving CHM products for more than 180 days (adjusted HR=0.52). Some CHM products, such as Hedyotis diffusa, Scutellaria barbata, Rehmannia glutinosa, Isatis tinctoria, Yi Guan Jian, Xiao Chai Hu Tang, Wu Ling San and Gan Lu Yin, were significantly associated with lower risk of HCC. CONCLUSIONS The use of CHM was associated with a significantly reduced HCC risk in patients with CHB, which supports the integration of TCM with CHM into clinical practice to influence a favourable prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzung-Yi Tsai
- Department of Medical Research, Dalin Tzuchi Hospital, The Buddhist Tzuchi Medical Foundation, Chiayi, Taiwan
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, Tzu Chi College of Technology, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Hanoch Livneh
- Rehabilitation Counseling Program, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Tsung-Hsing Hung
- Division of Gastroenterology, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Foundation, Chiayi, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - I -Hsin Lin
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chi Lu
- School of Medicine, Hualien, Taiwan
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Dalin Tzuchi Hospital, The Buddhist Tzuchi Medical Foundation, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chou Yeh
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Dalin Tzuchi Hospital, The Buddhist Tzuchi Medical Foundation, Chiayi, Taiwan
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