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Gou H, Liang JQ, Zhang L, Chen H, Zhang Y, Li R, Wang X, Ji J, Tong JH, To KF, Sung JJY, Chan FKL, Fang JY, Yu J. TTPAL Promotes Colorectal Tumorigenesis by Stabilizing TRIP6 to Activate Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling. Cancer Res 2019; 79:3332-3346. [PMID: 31018940 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-2986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Copy number alterations are crucial for the development of colorectal cancer. Our whole-genome analysis identified tocopherol alpha transfer protein-like (TTPAL) as preferentially amplified in colorectal cancer. Here we demonstrate that frequent copy number gain of TTPAL leads to gene overexpression in colorectal cancer from a Chinese cohort (n = 102), which was further validated by a The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohort (n = 376). High expression of TTPAL was significantly associated with shortened survival in patients with colorectal cancer. TTPAL promoted cell viability and clonogenicity, accelerated cell-cycle progression, inhibited cell apoptosis, increased cell migration/invasion ability in vitro, and promoted tumorigenicity and cancer metastasis in vivo. TTPAL significantly activated Wnt signaling and increased β-catenin activation and protein expression of cyclin D1 and c-Myc. Coimmunoprecipitation followed by mass spectrometry identified thyroid receptor-interacting protein 6 (TRIP6) as a direct downstream effector of TTPAL. Depletion of TRIP6 significantly abolished the effects of TTPAL on cell proliferation and Wnt activation. Direct binding of TTPAL with TRIP6 in the cytoplasm inhibited ubiquitin-mediated degradation of TRIP6 and, subsequently, increased levels of TRIP6 displaced β-catenin from the tumor suppressor MAGI1 via competitive binding. This sequence of events allows β-catenin to enter the nucleus and promotes oncogenic Wnt/β-catenin signaling. In conclusion, TTPAL is commonly overexpressed in colorectal cancer due to copy number gain, which promotes colorectal tumorigenesis by activating Wnt/β-catenin signaling via stabilization of TRIP6. TTPAL overexpression may serve as an independent new biomarker for the prognosis of patients with colorectal cancer. SIGNIFICANCE: TTPAL, a gene preferentially amplified in colorectal cancer, promotes colon tumorigenesis via activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Gou
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Jessie Qiaoyi Liang
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Lijing Zhang
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Huarong Chen
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Yanquan Zhang
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Rui Li
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- Department of Surgery, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Jiafu Ji
- Department of Surgery, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Joanna H Tong
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Ka-Fai To
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Joseph J Y Sung
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Francis K L Chan
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Jing-Yuan Fang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Yu
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
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Alonso MH, Aussó S, Lopez-Doriga A, Cordero D, Guinó E, Solé X, Barenys M, de Oca J, Capella G, Salazar R, Sanz-Pamplona R, Moreno V. Comprehensive analysis of copy number aberrations in microsatellite stable colon cancer in view of stromal component. Br J Cancer 2017; 117:421-431. [PMID: 28683472 PMCID: PMC5537504 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2017.208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Somatic copy number aberrations (CNAs) are common acquired changes in cancer cells having an important role in the progression of colon cancer (colorectal cancer, CRC). This study aimed to perform a characterisation of CNA and their impact in gene expression. METHODS Copy number aberrations were inferred from SNP array data in a series of 99 CRC. Copy number aberration events were calculated and used to assess the association between copy number dosage, clinical and molecular characteristics of the tumours, and gene expression changes. All analyses were adjusted for the quantity of stroma in each sample, which was inferred from gene expression data. RESULTS High heterogeneity among samples was observed; the proportion of altered genome ranged between 0.04 and 26.6%. Recurrent CNA regions with gains were frequent in chromosomes 7p, 8q, 13q, and 20, whereas 8p, 17p, and 18 cumulated losses. A significant positive correlation was observed between the number of somatic mutations and total CNA (Spearman's r=0.42, P=0.006). Approximately 37% of genes located in CNA regions changed their level of expression and the average partial correlation (adjusted for stromal content) with copy number was 0.54 (interquartile range 0.20 to 0.81). Altered genes showed enrichment in pathways relevant for CRC. Tumours classified as CMS2 and CMS4 by the consensus molecular subtyping showed higher frequency of CNA. Losses of one small region in 1p36.33, with gene CDK11B, were associated with poor prognosis. More than 66% of the recurrent CNA were validated in the The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data when analysed with the same procedure. Furthermore, 79% of the genes with altered expression in our data were validated in the TCGA. CONCLUSIONS Although CNA are frequent events in microsatellite stable CRC, few focal recurrent regions were found. These aberrations have strong effects on gene expression and contribute to deregulate relevant cancer pathways. Owing to the diploid nature of stromal cells, it is important to consider the purity of tumour samples to accurately calculate CNA events in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Henar Alonso
- Unit of Biomarkers and Susceptibility, Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), CIBERESP, Gran Via 199, Hospitalet Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain.,Molecular Mechanisms and Experimental Therapy Cancer Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Susanna Aussó
- Unit of Biomarkers and Susceptibility, Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), CIBERESP, Gran Via 199, Hospitalet Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain.,Molecular Mechanisms and Experimental Therapy Cancer Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Adriana Lopez-Doriga
- Unit of Biomarkers and Susceptibility, Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), CIBERESP, Gran Via 199, Hospitalet Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain.,Molecular Mechanisms and Experimental Therapy Cancer Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Cordero
- Unit of Biomarkers and Susceptibility, Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), CIBERESP, Gran Via 199, Hospitalet Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain.,Molecular Mechanisms and Experimental Therapy Cancer Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elisabet Guinó
- Unit of Biomarkers and Susceptibility, Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), CIBERESP, Gran Via 199, Hospitalet Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain.,Molecular Mechanisms and Experimental Therapy Cancer Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Solé
- Unit of Biomarkers and Susceptibility, Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), CIBERESP, Gran Via 199, Hospitalet Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain.,Molecular Mechanisms and Experimental Therapy Cancer Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercè Barenys
- Molecular Mechanisms and Experimental Therapy Cancer Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain.,Gastroenterology Service, Hospital de Viladecans, Barcelona, Spain.,Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier de Oca
- Molecular Mechanisms and Experimental Therapy Cancer Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain.,Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain.,Department of General and Digestive Surgery, Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gabriel Capella
- Molecular Mechanisms and Experimental Therapy Cancer Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain.,Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain.,Hereditary Cancer Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO) and CIBERONC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramón Salazar
- Molecular Mechanisms and Experimental Therapy Cancer Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain.,Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain.,Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO) and CIBERONC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rebeca Sanz-Pamplona
- Unit of Biomarkers and Susceptibility, Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), CIBERESP, Gran Via 199, Hospitalet Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain.,Molecular Mechanisms and Experimental Therapy Cancer Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Victor Moreno
- Unit of Biomarkers and Susceptibility, Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), CIBERESP, Gran Via 199, Hospitalet Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain.,Molecular Mechanisms and Experimental Therapy Cancer Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain.,Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
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