Catheterization of the gallbladder: A novel mouse model of severe acute cholangitis

Construction and application of urinary system model with functional bladder module

In order to study the construction and application of urinary system model with functional bladder module, bladder model was designed, and appropriate materials was selected to make it, and its performance was studied. The results showed that in the analysis of pressure performance of bladder model, more detrusor instability was found in the model than in the urodynamic test, and there was significant statistical difference (P < 0.01). In the analysis of bladder safety capacity, it was found that the bladder safety capacity in the model was much larger than that measured by urodynamics, and there was significant statistical difference (P < 0.01). In the analysis of detrusor workmanship and contraction rate, it was found that the normal model group was significantly smaller than the obstruction group, and there was significant statistical difference (P < 0.01). Comparing the detrusor contraction rate of the two groups, it was found that the normal group and the obstruction group had significant difference at t3, and there was no statistical difference between the other two groups. Therefore, through this study, it is found that the understanding of urinary system can be enhanced by building bladder model, and the basic operating skills of medical staff can be improved more easily by using bladder model, which achieves the expected results of the experiment. Although some shortcomings have been found in the course of the study, it still provides experimental reference for the clinical study of bladder in the future.

Changes of Foxo3a in PBMCs and its associations with stress hyperglycemia in acute obstructive suppurative cholangitis patients

Objective

The levels of Foxo3a in the peripheral blood mononuclears cells (PBMCs) before and after treatment were detected in acute obstructive suppurative cholangitis (AOSC) patients to evaluate the associations between Foxo3a and stress hyperglycemia (SHG).

Methods

PBMCs were obtained from AOSC patients (n=28) on admission (AP), from patients at 1 week after cure (RP) and from healthy volunteers (HV) (n=14) to evaluate the relationship between the protein levels of Foxo3a and the serum levels of glucose. Signaling pathways, which link inflammation and glycometabolism, simultaneously affecting the expression of Foxo3a, were detected. In addition, cytokines were detected in PBMCs and AOSC mouse models, which were pre-treated with Foxo3a agonist.

Results

The levels of glucose and p-Foxo3a in the AP were significantly higher than those in the RP and HV, where as the levels of Foxo3a in the AP were lower than those in the RP and HV. Foxo3a levels in the AP normalized against RP were strongly negatively correlated with the glucose levels in the AP normalized against RP. The levels of sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2 (S1PR2) in the AP were higher than those in the RP and HV. In addition, inhibition of Foxo3a phosphorylation, coupled with the down-regulation of S1PR2, attenuated the LPS-induced inflammatory response in the PBMCs and AOSC mouse models.

Conclusions

Foxo3a is correlated with the dysregulation of glucose homeostasis in the pathogenesis of AOSC-induced sepsis by inhibiting the activation of PI3K/Akt-S1PR2 and NF-κB pathways, hinting at a switched role and therapeutic potentialities in the early stage of sepsis.