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Aslam M, Rajbdad F, Azmat S, Li Z, Boudreaux JP, Thiagarajan R, Yao S, Xu J. A novel method for detection of pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma using explainable machine learning. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2024; 245:108019. [PMID: 38237450 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2024.108019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a form of pancreatic cancer that is one of the primary causes of cancer-related deaths globally, with less than 10 % of the five years survival rate. The prognosis of pancreatic cancer has remained poor in the last four decades, mainly due to the lack of early diagnostic mechanisms. This study proposes a novel method for detecting PDAC using explainable and supervised machine learning from Raman spectroscopic signals. METHODS An insightful feature set consisting of statistical, peak, and extended empirical mode decomposition features is selected using the support vector machine recursive feature elimination method integrated with a correlation bias reduction. Explicable features successfully identified mutations in Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) and tumor suppressor protein53 (TP53) in the fingerprint region for the first time in the literature. PDAC and normal pancreas are classified using K-nearest neighbor, linear discriminant analysis, and support vector machine classifiers. RESULTS This study achieved a classification accuracy of 98.5% using a nonlinear support vector machine. Our proposed method reduced test time by 28.5 % and saved 85.6 % memory utilization, which reduces complexity significantly and is more accurate than the state-of-the-art method. The generalization of the proposed method is assessed by fifteen-fold cross-validation, and its performance is evaluated using accuracy, specificity, sensitivity, and receiver operating characteristic curves. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we proposed a method to detect and define the fingerprint region for PDAC using explainable machine learning. This simple, accurate, and efficient method for PDAC detection in mice could be generalized to examine human pancreatic cancer and provide a basis for precise chemotherapy for early cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murtaza Aslam
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Fozia Rajbdad
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Shoaib Azmat
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Zheng Li
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - J Philip Boudreaux
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Ramcharan Thiagarajan
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Shaomian Yao
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Jian Xu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
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Miao J, Kang L, Lan T, Wang J, Wu S, Jia Y, Xue X, Guo H, Wang P, Li Y. Identification of optimal reference genes in golden Syrian hamster with ethanol- and palmitoleic acid-induced acute pancreatitis using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Animal Model Exp Med 2023; 6:609-618. [PMID: 37202901 PMCID: PMC10757205 DOI: 10.1002/ame2.12321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a severe disorder that leads to high morbidity and mortality. Appropriate reference genes are important for gene analysis in AP. This study sought to study the expression stability of several reference genes in the golden Syrian hamster, a model of AP. METHODS AP was induced in golden Syrian hamster by intraperitoneal injection of ethanol (1.35 g/kg) and palmitoleic acid (2 mg/kg). The expression of candidate genes, including Actb, Gapdh, Eef2, Ywhaz, Rps18, Hprt1, Tubb, Rpl13a, Nono, and B2m, in hamster pancreas at different time points (1, 3, 6, 9, and 24 h) posttreatment was analyzed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The expression stability of these genes was calculated using BestKeeper, Comprehensive Delta CT, NormFinder, and geNorm algorithms and RefFinder software. RESULTS Our results show that the expression of these reference genes fluctuated during AP, of which Ywhaz and Gapdh were the most stable genes, whereas Tubb, Eef2, and Actb were the least stable genes. Furthermore, these genes were used to normalize the expression of TNF-α messenger ribonucleic acid in inflamed pancreas. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, Ywhaz and Gapdh were suitable reference genes for gene expression analysis in AP induced in Syrian hamster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxin Miao
- Academy of Chinese Medicine ScienceHenan University of Chinese MedicineZhengzhouChina
| | - Le Kang
- Academy of Chinese Medicine ScienceHenan University of Chinese MedicineZhengzhouChina
| | - Tianfeng Lan
- Sino‐British Research Centre for Molecular Oncology, National Center for International Research in Cell and Gene Therapy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Medical SciencesZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Jianyao Wang
- Sino‐British Research Centre for Molecular Oncology, National Center for International Research in Cell and Gene Therapy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Medical SciencesZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Siqing Wu
- Academy of Chinese Medicine ScienceHenan University of Chinese MedicineZhengzhouChina
| | - Yifan Jia
- Academy of Chinese Medicine ScienceHenan University of Chinese MedicineZhengzhouChina
| | - Xia Xue
- Henan Key Laboratory of Helicobacter pylori and Microbiota and Gastrointestinal Cancer, Marshall Medical Research CenterThe Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Haoran Guo
- Sino‐British Research Centre for Molecular Oncology, National Center for International Research in Cell and Gene Therapy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Medical SciencesZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Pengju Wang
- Sino‐British Research Centre for Molecular Oncology, National Center for International Research in Cell and Gene Therapy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Medical SciencesZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Yan Li
- Academy of Chinese Medicine ScienceHenan University of Chinese MedicineZhengzhouChina
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Miao J, Lan T, Guo H, Wang J, Zhang G, Wang Z, Yang P, Li H, Zhang C, Wang Y, Li X, Miao M. Characterization of SHARPIN knockout Syrian hamsters developed using CRISPR/Cas9 system. Animal Model Exp Med 2023; 6:489-498. [PMID: 36097701 PMCID: PMC10614123 DOI: 10.1002/ame2.12265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND SHARPIN (SHANK-associated RH domain interactor) is a component of the linear ubiquitination complex that regulates the NF-κB signaling pathway. To better understand the function of SHARPIN, we sought to establish a novel genetically engineered Syrian hamster with SHARPIN disruption using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. METHODS A single-guide ribonucleic acid targeting exon 1 of SHARPIN gene was designed and constructed. The zygotes generated by cytoplasmic injection of the Cas9/gRNA ribonucleoprotein were transferred into pseudopregnant hamsters. Neonatal mutants were identified by genotyping. SHARPIN protein expression was detected using Western blotting assay. Splenic, mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs), and thymic weights were measured, and organ coefficients were calculated. Histopathological examination of the spleen, liver, lung, small intestine, and esophagus was performed independently by a pathologist. The expression of lymphocytic markers and cytokines was evaluated using reverse transcriptase-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS All the offspring harbored germline-transmitted SHARPIN mutations. Compared with wild-type hamsters, SHARPIN protein was undetectable in SHARPIN-/- hamsters. Spleen enlargement and splenic coefficient elevation were spotted in SHARPIN-/- hamsters, with the descent of MLNs and thymuses. Further, eosinophil infiltration and structural alteration in spleens, livers, lungs, small intestines, and esophagi were obvious after the deletion of SHARPIN. Notably, the expression of CD94 and CD22 was downregulated in the spleens of knockout (KO) animals. Nonetheless, the expression of CCR3, CCL11, Il4, and Il13 was upregulated in the esophagi. The expression of NF-κB and phosphorylation of NF-κB and IκB protein significantly diminished in SHARPIN-/- animals. CONCLUSIONS A novel SHARPIN KO hamster was successfully established using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. Abnormal development of secondary lymphoid organs and eosinophil infiltration in multiple organs reveal its potential in delineating SHARPIN function and chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxin Miao
- Academy of Chinese Medicine ScienceHenan University of Chinese MedicineZhengzhouHenanPeople's Republic of China
| | - Tianfeng Lan
- Sino‐British Research Center for Molecular Oncology, National Center for the International Research in Cell and Gene Therapy, School of Basic Sciences, Academy of Medical SciencesZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanPeople's Republic of China
| | - Haoran Guo
- Sino‐British Research Center for Molecular Oncology, National Center for the International Research in Cell and Gene Therapy, School of Basic Sciences, Academy of Medical SciencesZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanPeople's Republic of China
| | - Jianyao Wang
- Sino‐British Research Center for Molecular Oncology, National Center for the International Research in Cell and Gene Therapy, School of Basic Sciences, Academy of Medical SciencesZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanPeople's Republic of China
| | - Guangtao Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Longhua HospitalShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiPeople's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Academy of Chinese Medicine ScienceHenan University of Chinese MedicineZhengzhouHenanPeople's Republic of China
- Sino‐British Research Center for Molecular Oncology, National Center for the International Research in Cell and Gene Therapy, School of Basic Sciences, Academy of Medical SciencesZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanPeople's Republic of China
| | - Panpan Yang
- Sino‐British Research Center for Molecular Oncology, National Center for the International Research in Cell and Gene Therapy, School of Basic Sciences, Academy of Medical SciencesZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanPeople's Republic of China
| | - Haoze Li
- Sino‐British Research Center for Molecular Oncology, National Center for the International Research in Cell and Gene Therapy, School of Basic Sciences, Academy of Medical SciencesZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanPeople's Republic of China
| | - Chunyang Zhang
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanPeople's Republic of China
- Department of General Thoracic SurgeryHami Central HospitalHamiXinjiangPeople's Republic of China
| | - Yaohe Wang
- Sino‐British Research Center for Molecular Oncology, National Center for the International Research in Cell and Gene Therapy, School of Basic Sciences, Academy of Medical SciencesZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanPeople's Republic of China
- Centre for Molecular OncologyBarts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
| | - Xiu‐Min Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Department of OtolaryngologyNew York Medical College and School of MedicineValhallaNew YorkUSA
| | - Mingsan Miao
- Academy of Chinese Medicine ScienceHenan University of Chinese MedicineZhengzhouHenanPeople's Republic of China
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Zhou W, Miao J, Cheng Z, Wang Z, Wang J, Guo H, Wang P, Lu S, Si L, Zhang Z, Dunmall LC, Liu Y, Lemoine NR, Wang Y. Hypoxia-regulated secretion of IL-12 enhances antitumor activity and safety of CD19 CAR-T cells in the treatment of DLBCL. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2023; 30:216-226. [PMID: 37663131 PMCID: PMC10471514 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2023.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
CD19-targeted chimeric antigen receptor-modified T (CD19 CAR-T) cell therapy has been demonstrated as one of the most promising therapeutic strategies for treating B cell malignancies. However, it has shown limited treatment efficacy for diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL). This is, in part, due to the tumor heterogeneity and the hostile tumor microenvironment. Human interleukin-12 (IL-12), as a potent antitumor cytokine, has delivered encouraging outcomes in preclinical studies of DLBCL. However, potentially lethal toxicity associated with systemic administration precludes its clinical application. Here, an armed CD19 CAR expressing hypoxia-regulated IL-12 was developed (CAR19/hIL12ODD). In this vector, IL-12 secretion was restricted to hypoxic microenvironments within the tumor site by fusion of IL-12 with the oxygen degradation domain (ODD) of HIF1α. In vitro, CAR19/hIL12ODD-T cells could only secrete bioactive IL-12 under hypoxic conditions, accompanied by enhanced proliferation, robust IFN-γ secretion, increased abundance of CD4+, and central memory T cell phenotype. In vivo, adoptive transfer of CAR19/hIL12ODD-T cells significantly enhanced regression of large, established DLBCL xenografts in a novel immunodeficient Syrian hamster model. Notably, this targeted and controlled IL-12 treatment was without toxicity in this model. Taken together, our results suggest that armed CD19 CARs with hypoxia-controlled IL-12 (CAR19/hIL12ODD) might be a promising and safer approach for treating DLBCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenping Zhou
- Sino-British Research Centre for Molecular Oncology, National Centre for International Research in Cell and Gene Therapy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou 450008, China
| | - Jinxin Miao
- Sino-British Research Centre for Molecular Oncology, National Centre for International Research in Cell and Gene Therapy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 45006, China
| | - Zhenguo Cheng
- Sino-British Research Centre for Molecular Oncology, National Centre for International Research in Cell and Gene Therapy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Zhimin Wang
- Sino-British Research Centre for Molecular Oncology, National Centre for International Research in Cell and Gene Therapy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Jianyao Wang
- Sino-British Research Centre for Molecular Oncology, National Centre for International Research in Cell and Gene Therapy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Haoran Guo
- Sino-British Research Centre for Molecular Oncology, National Centre for International Research in Cell and Gene Therapy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Pengju Wang
- Sino-British Research Centre for Molecular Oncology, National Centre for International Research in Cell and Gene Therapy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Shuangshuang Lu
- Sino-British Research Centre for Molecular Oncology, National Centre for International Research in Cell and Gene Therapy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Lingling Si
- Sino-British Research Centre for Molecular Oncology, National Centre for International Research in Cell and Gene Therapy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Zhongxian Zhang
- Sino-British Research Centre for Molecular Oncology, National Centre for International Research in Cell and Gene Therapy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Louisa Chard Dunmall
- Center for Cancer Biomarkers & Biotherapeutics, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, EC1M 6BQ London, UK
| | - Yanyan Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou 450008, China
| | - Nicholas R. Lemoine
- Sino-British Research Centre for Molecular Oncology, National Centre for International Research in Cell and Gene Therapy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
- Center for Cancer Biomarkers & Biotherapeutics, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, EC1M 6BQ London, UK
| | - Yaohe Wang
- Sino-British Research Centre for Molecular Oncology, National Centre for International Research in Cell and Gene Therapy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
- Center for Cancer Biomarkers & Biotherapeutics, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, EC1M 6BQ London, UK
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5
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Lan F, Chen M, Xie X, Mo Y, Chen F, Huang R, Liu W. Yulangsan polysaccharide inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition and invasion in NSCLC by attenuating the TGF-β1/ERK signaling pathway. Am J Cancer Res 2023; 13:3401-3416. [PMID: 37693151 PMCID: PMC10492137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Active polysaccharides have unique advantages in inhibiting cancer cell proliferation, invasion and metastasis and inducing apoptosis. Yulangsan polysaccharide (YLSPS) is derived from the root of Millettia pulchra var. laxior (Dunn) Z. Wei. Previous studies revealed that YLSPS exhibits bioactivities such as antibacterial, antidepressive, antitumor, hepatoprotective and immunomodulating activities. However, the anticancer effects of YLSPS on lung cancer have not yet been studied, and its mechanism of action remains unclear. The present study investigated the anti-migration/invasion effects of YLSPS and possible mechanisms in lung cancer cells (A549 and Lewis) in vitro and in vivo. The data suggested that YLSPS reversed epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and inhibited the invasion and migration of lung cancer cells by inhibiting the TGF-β1-induced ERK signaling pathway. Furthermore, YLSPS reduced the levels of proteins associated with EMT, including vimentin, but increased those of E-cadherin, as determined by Western blotting. In vivo, YLSPS significantly inhibited the growth of xenograft tumors, and decreased the levels of TGF-β1 and protein markers associated with EMT. Importantly, YLSPS had fewer toxic side effects than cisplatin. Overall, YLSPS significantly delayed non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) progression by modulating EMT and TGF-β1/ERK signaling pathway. The present findings suggest that YLSPS may be a potential adjuvant therapy and drug for improving the tumor microenvironment of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifeng Lan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanning 530007, Guangxi, China
| | - Menghua Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanning 530007, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiaowei Xie
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanning 530007, Guangxi, China
| | - Yanyan Mo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanning 530007, Guangxi, China
| | - Fengti Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanning 530007, Guangxi, China
| | - Renbin Huang
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical UniversityNanning 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Wenqi Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanning 530007, Guangxi, China
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Jia Y, Wang Y, Dunmall LSC, Lemoine NR, Wang P, Wang Y. Syrian hamster as an ideal animal model for evaluation of cancer immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1126969. [PMID: 36923404 PMCID: PMC10008950 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1126969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy (CIT) has emerged as an exciting new pillar of cancer treatment. Although benefits have been achieved in individual patients, the overall response rate is still not satisfactory. To address this, an ideal preclinical animal model for evaluating CIT is urgently needed. Syrian hamsters present similar features to humans with regard to their anatomy, physiology, and pathology. Notably, the histological features and pathological progression of tumors and the complexity of the tumor microenvironment are equivalent to the human scenario. This article reviews the current tumor models in Syrian hamster and the latest progress in their application to development of tumor treatments including immune checkpoint inhibitors, cytokines, adoptive cell therapy, cancer vaccines, and oncolytic viruses. This progress strongly advocates Syrian hamster as an ideal animal model for development and assessment of CIT for human cancer treatments. Additionally, the challenges of the Syrian hamster as an animal model for CIT are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanru Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Louisa S Chard Dunmall
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers & Biotherapeutics, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas R. Lemoine
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers & Biotherapeutics, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pengju Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yaohe Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers & Biotherapeutics, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
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Zhai Y, Miao J, Peng Y, Wang Y, Dong J, Zhao X. Clinical features of Danon disease and insights gained from LAMP-2 deficiency models. Trends Cardiovasc Med 2023; 33:81-89. [PMID: 34737089 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcm.2021.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Danon disease (DD) is an X-linked multisystem disorder with clinical features characterized by the triad of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, skeletal muscle weakness, and mental retardation. Cardiac involvement can be fatal in the absence of an effective treatment option such as heart transplantation. Molecular studies have proved that LAMP-2 protein deficiency, mainly LAMP-2B isoform, resulting from LAMP2 gene mutation, is the culprit for DD. Autophagy impairment due to LAMP-2 deficiency mediated the accumulation of abnormal autophagic vacuoles in cells. While it is not ideal for mimicking DD phenotypes in humans, the emergence of LAMP-2-deficient animal models and induced pluripotent stem cells from DD patients provided powerful tools for exploring DD mechanism. In both in vitro and in vivo studies, much evidence has demonstrated that mitochondria dysfunction and fragmentation can result in DD pathology. Fundamental research contributes to the therapeutic transformation. By targeting the molecular core, several potential therapies have demonstrated promising results in partial phenotypes improvement. Among them, gene therapies anticipate inaugurate a class of symptom control and prevention drugs as their in vivo effects are promising, and one clinical trial is currently underway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Zhai
- Centre for Cardiovascular Diseases, Henan Key Laboratory of Hereditary Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jinxin Miao
- Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P.R. China;Department of Science and Technology, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China; Sino-British Research Center for Molecular Oncology, National Center for the International Research in Cell and Gene Therapy, School of Basic Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Ying Peng
- Centre for Cardiovascular Diseases, Henan Key Laboratory of Hereditary Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yaohe Wang
- Sino-British Research Center for Molecular Oncology, National Center for the International Research in Cell and Gene Therapy, School of Basic Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P. R. China; Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Jianzeng Dong
- Centre for Cardiovascular Diseases, Henan Key Laboratory of Hereditary Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P.R. China; Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiaoyan Zhao
- Centre for Cardiovascular Diseases, Henan Key Laboratory of Hereditary Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P.R. China.
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Wang Z, Cormier RT. Golden Syrian Hamster Models for Cancer Research. Cells 2022; 11:2395. [PMID: 35954238 PMCID: PMC9368453 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The golden Syrian hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) has long been a valuable rodent model of human diseases, especially infectious and metabolic diseases. Hamsters have also been valuable models of several chemically induced cancers such as the DMBA-induced oral cheek pouch cancer model. Recently, with the application of CRISPR/Cas9 genetic engineering technology, hamsters can now be gene targeted as readily as mouse models. This review describes the phenotypes of three gene-targeted knockout (KO) hamster cancer models, TP53, KCNQ1, and IL2RG. Notably, these hamster models demonstrate cancer phenotypes not observed in mouse KOs. In some cases, the cancers that arise in the KO hamster are similar to cancers that arise in humans, in contrast with KO mice that do not develop the cancers. An example is the development of aggressive acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) in TP53 KO hamsters. The review also presents a discussion of the relative strengths and weaknesses of mouse cancer models and hamster cancer models and argues that there are no perfect rodent models of cancer and that the genetically engineered hamster cancer models can complement mouse models and expand the suite of animal cancer models available for the development of new cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongde Wang
- Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA
| | - Robert T. Cormier
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, MN 55812, USA
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9
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Lan T, Wang Y, Miao J, Guo H, Wang Z, Wang J, Zhang C, Yang P, Zhang Z, Dunmall LC, Wang Y. Deoxythymidylate Kinase as a Promising Marker for Predicting Prognosis and Immune Cell Infiltration of Pan-cancer. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:887059. [PMID: 35903153 PMCID: PMC9315941 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.887059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Deoxythymidylate kinase (DTYMK) serves as a pyrimidine metabolic rate-limiting enzyme that catalyzes deoxythymidine monophosphate (dTMP) to generate deoxythymidine diphosphate (dTDP). It remains unclear whether DTYMK expression has the potential to predict outcome and immune cell infiltration in cancers. Methods: DTYMK expression profile was analyzed using Oncomine, TIMER, GEPIA and UALCAN databases. The influence of DTYMK on immune infiltration was examined using TIMER and TISIDB databases. DTYMK interactive gene hub and co-expressing genes were obtained and analyzed by STRING and Linkedomics, respectively. The relationship between DTYMK expression and patient prognosis was validated using GEPIA, Kaplan-Meier plotter, and PrognoScan databases. The functions of DTYMK in cancer cells were also biologically validated in vitro. Results: DTYMK expression was elevated in tumor tissues compared with their control counterparts. DTYMK expression varied in different stages and discriminatorily distributed in different immune and molecular subtypes. Higher expression of DTYMK predicted worse outcome in several cancer types such as liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC) and lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). High DTYMK expression was positively or negatively correlated with immune cell infiltration, including B cell, CD8+ cell, CD4+ T cell, macrophage, neutrophil and dendritic cell, depending on the type of cancers. Additionally, DTYMK co-expressing genes participated in pyrimidine metabolism as well as in T helper cell differentiation in LIHC and LUAD. In vitro, knockdown of DTYMK suppressed cell migration of liver and lung cancer cells. Conclusion: DTYMK might be taken as an useful prognostic and immunological marker in cancers and further investigation is warrented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianfeng Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Sino-British Research Center for Molecular Oncology, National Center for the International Research in Cell and Gene Therapy, School of Basic Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yachao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Sino-British Research Center for Molecular Oncology, National Center for the International Research in Cell and Gene Therapy, School of Basic Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jinxin Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Sino-British Research Center for Molecular Oncology, National Center for the International Research in Cell and Gene Therapy, School of Basic Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Academy of Chinese Medicine Science, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Haoran Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Sino-British Research Center for Molecular Oncology, National Center for the International Research in Cell and Gene Therapy, School of Basic Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Sino-British Research Center for Molecular Oncology, National Center for the International Research in Cell and Gene Therapy, School of Basic Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jianyao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Sino-British Research Center for Molecular Oncology, National Center for the International Research in Cell and Gene Therapy, School of Basic Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chunyang Zhang
- Department of Surgical Sciences, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Panpan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Sino-British Research Center for Molecular Oncology, National Center for the International Research in Cell and Gene Therapy, School of Basic Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhongxian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Sino-British Research Center for Molecular Oncology, National Center for the International Research in Cell and Gene Therapy, School of Basic Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Louisa Chard Dunmall
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers and Biotherapeutics, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yaohe Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Sino-British Research Center for Molecular Oncology, National Center for the International Research in Cell and Gene Therapy, School of Basic Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers and Biotherapeutics, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
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Multicellular Modelling of Difficult-to-Treat Gastrointestinal Cancers: Current Possibilities and Challenges. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063147. [PMID: 35328567 PMCID: PMC8955095 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancers affecting the gastrointestinal system are highly prevalent and their incidence is still increasing. Among them, gastric and pancreatic cancers have a dismal prognosis (survival of 5–20%) and are defined as difficult-to-treat cancers. This reflects the urge for novel therapeutic targets and aims for personalised therapies. As a prerequisite for identifying targets and test therapeutic interventions, the development of well-established, translational and reliable preclinical research models is instrumental. This review discusses the development, advantages and limitations of both patient-derived organoids (PDO) and patient-derived xenografts (PDX) for gastric and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). First and next generation multicellular PDO/PDX models are believed to faithfully generate a patient-specific avatar in a preclinical setting, opening novel therapeutic directions for these difficult-to-treat cancers. Excitingly, future opportunities such as PDO co-cultures with immune or stromal cells, organoid-on-a-chip models and humanised PDXs are the basis of a completely new area, offering close-to-human models. These tools can be exploited to understand cancer heterogeneity, which is indispensable to pave the way towards more tumour-specific therapies and, with that, better survival for patients.
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Kang L, Miao MS, Song YG, Fang XY, Zhang J, Zhang YN, Miao JX. Total flavonoids of Taraxacum mongolicum inhibit non-small cell lung cancer by regulating immune function. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 281:114514. [PMID: 34384846 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Taraxacum mongolicum Hand.-Mazz. has been used in lung cancer treatment in Chinese medicine. However, its specific mechanism of action has not yet been reported, and developing pharmaceutical anti-cancer resources is important. Here, we aimed to elucidate the anti-tumor effects of dandelion in vitro and in vivo and assess its effects on immune function in lung cancer patients. AIM OF THE STUDY In the present study, we mainly observed the therapeutic effects of total flavonoids from Taraxacum mongolicum Hand.-Mazz. (TFTM) on non-small cell lung cancer and its influence on the body's immune function. MATERIALS AND METHODS In vitro experiments on A549 and H1299 cells were performed using the CCK8 method; the proliferation and migration of cells were observed to investigate the wound healing effects of TFTM, and flow cytometry was used to detect the apoptotic rate of TFTM on lung cancer cells. In vivo experiments were preformed to establish a non-small cell lung cancer mouse model using subcutaneously transplanted Lewis cells, and the body weight and tumor growth of the mice were recorded. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was performed for tumor tissue to assess pathological changes. The thymus, spleen, and lungs were isolated for to calculate organ index. The CD4+, CD8+, and CD4+/CD8+ levels were detected in mouse spleen using flow cytometry, and IL-2, IL-3, IFN-γ, and TNF-α levels were determined in serum using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Expressions of IL-2, IL-3, IFN-γ, and TNF-α were detected using quantitative real-time PCR in tumor tissues, and Ki67 expression was observed by immunofluorescence. RESULTS At 24 h, TFTM (100 and 200 μg/mL) had the best inhibitory effect on the proliferation of A549 and H1299 cells. The cell migration rate significantly reduced (P < 0.01), and the tumor inhibition rate increased (P < 0.01) and promoted apoptosis (P < 0.01). The mouse thymus index significantly increased (P < 0.05) and mouse spleen index reduced (P < 0.05). The CD4+, CD8+, and CD4+/CD8+ levels in Lewis lung cancer mouse model increased, as did the levels of IL-2, IL-3, IFN-γ, and TNF-α in the serum and tumor of mice; Ki67 expression in tumor tissues significantly reduced (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION TFTM has an inhibitory effect on lung cancer. The mechanism may be that it improves the host's protective immune response by having a milder tumor growth inhibitory effect than cyclophosphamide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Kang
- National International Cooperation Base of Chinese Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
| | - Ming-San Miao
- National International Cooperation Base of Chinese Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
| | - Ya-Gang Song
- National International Cooperation Base of Chinese Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China; Academy of Chinese Medicine Science, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
| | - Xiao-Yan Fang
- National International Cooperation Base of Chinese Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
| | - Jin Zhang
- Academy of Chinese Medicine Science, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
| | - Ya-Nan Zhang
- National International Cooperation Base of Chinese Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
| | - Jin-Xin Miao
- Academy of Chinese Medicine Science, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
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12
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Miquel M, Zhang S, Pilarsky C. Pre-clinical Models of Metastasis in Pancreatic Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:748631. [PMID: 34778259 PMCID: PMC8578999 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.748631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a hostile solid malignancy coupled with an extremely high mortality rate. Metastatic disease is already found in most patients at the time of diagnosis, resulting in a 5-year survival rate below 5%. Improved comprehension of the mechanisms leading to metastasis is pivotal for the development of new targeted therapies. A key field to be improved are modeling strategies applied in assessing cancer progression, since traditional platforms fail in recapitulating the complexity of PDAC. Consequently, there is a compelling demand for new preclinical models that mirror tumor progression incorporating the pressure of the immune system, tumor microenvironment, as well as molecular aspects of PDAC. We suggest the incorporation of 3D organoids derived from genetically engineered mouse models or patients as promising new tools capable to transform PDAC pre-clinical modeling and access new frontiers in personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Miquel
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital, Erlangen, Germany
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Shuman Zhang
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital, Erlangen, Germany
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christian Pilarsky
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital, Erlangen, Germany
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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13
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Suckert T, Nexhipi S, Dietrich A, Koch R, Kunz-Schughart LA, Bahn E, Beyreuther E. Models for Translational Proton Radiobiology-From Bench to Bedside and Back. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4216. [PMID: 34439370 PMCID: PMC8395028 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13164216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of proton therapy centers worldwide are increasing steadily, with more than two million cancer patients treated so far. Despite this development, pending questions on proton radiobiology still call for basic and translational preclinical research. Open issues are the on-going discussion on an energy-dependent varying proton RBE (relative biological effectiveness), a better characterization of normal tissue side effects and combination treatments with drugs originally developed for photon therapy. At the same time, novel possibilities arise, such as radioimmunotherapy, and new proton therapy schemata, such as FLASH irradiation and proton mini-beams. The study of those aspects demands for radiobiological models at different stages along the translational chain, allowing the investigation of mechanisms from the molecular level to whole organisms. Focusing on the challenges and specifics of proton research, this review summarizes the different available models, ranging from in vitro systems to animal studies of increasing complexity as well as complementing in silico approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Suckert
- OncoRay—National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01309 Dresden, Germany; (T.S.); (S.N.); (A.D.); (L.A.K.-S.)
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sindi Nexhipi
- OncoRay—National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01309 Dresden, Germany; (T.S.); (S.N.); (A.D.); (L.A.K.-S.)
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology-OncoRay, 01309 Dresden, Germany
| | - Antje Dietrich
- OncoRay—National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01309 Dresden, Germany; (T.S.); (S.N.); (A.D.); (L.A.K.-S.)
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Robin Koch
- Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology (HIRO), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (R.K.); (E.B.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Leoni A. Kunz-Schughart
- OncoRay—National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01309 Dresden, Germany; (T.S.); (S.N.); (A.D.); (L.A.K.-S.)
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Emanuel Bahn
- Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology (HIRO), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (R.K.); (E.B.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Clinical Cooperation Unit Radiation Oncology, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Elke Beyreuther
- OncoRay—National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01309 Dresden, Germany; (T.S.); (S.N.); (A.D.); (L.A.K.-S.)
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden—Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, 01328 Dresden, Germany
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14
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Heinrich MA, Mostafa AMRH, Morton JP, Hawinkels LJAC, Prakash J. Translating complexity and heterogeneity of pancreatic tumor: 3D in vitro to in vivo models. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 174:265-293. [PMID: 33895214 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an extremely aggressive type of cancer with an overall survival rate of less than 7-8%, emphasizing the need for novel effective therapeutics against PDAC. However only a fraction of therapeutics which seemed promising in the laboratory environment will eventually reach the clinic. One of the main reasons behind this low success rate is the complex tumor microenvironment (TME) of PDAC, a highly fibrotic and dense stroma surrounding tumor cells, which supports tumor progression as well as increases the resistance against the treatment. In particular, the growing understanding of the PDAC TME points out a different challenge in the development of efficient therapeutics - a lack of biologically relevant in vitro and in vivo models that resemble the complexity and heterogeneity of PDAC observed in patients. The purpose and scope of this review is to provide an overview of the recent developments in different in vitro and in vivo models, which aim to recapitulate the complexity of PDAC in a laboratory environment, as well to describe how 3D in vitro models can be integrated into drug development pipelines that are already including sophisticated in vivo models. Hereby a special focus will be given on the complexity of in vivo models and the challenges in vitro models face to reach the same levels of complexity in a controllable manner. First, a brief introduction of novel developments in two dimensional (2D) models and ex vivo models is provided. Next, recent developments in three dimensional (3D) in vitro models are described ranging from spheroids, organoids, scaffold models, bioprinted models to organ-on-chip models including a discussion on advantages and limitations for each model. Furthermore, we will provide a detailed overview on the current PDAC in vivo models including chemically-induced models, syngeneic and xenogeneic models, highlighting hetero- and orthotopic, patient-derived tissues (PDX) models, and genetically engineered mouse models. Finally, we will provide a discussion on overall limitations of both, in vitro and in vivo models, and discuss necessary steps to overcome these limitations to reach an efficient drug development pipeline, as well as discuss possibilities to include novel in silico models in the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel A Heinrich
- Department of Biomaterials Science and Technology, Section Targeted Therapeutics, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, 7500AE Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Ahmed M R H Mostafa
- Department of Biomaterials Science and Technology, Section Targeted Therapeutics, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, 7500AE Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Jennifer P Morton
- Cancer Research UK, Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Rd, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK; Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Rd, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Lukas J A C Hawinkels
- Department of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Centre, PO-box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Jai Prakash
- Department of Biomaterials Science and Technology, Section Targeted Therapeutics, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, 7500AE Enschede, the Netherlands.
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15
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Lan T, Xue X, Dunmall LC, Miao J, Wang Y. Patient-derived xenograft: a developing tool for screening biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets for human esophageal cancers. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:12273-12293. [PMID: 33903283 PMCID: PMC8109069 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Esophageal cancer (EC) represents a human malignancy, diagnosed often at the advanced stage of cancer and resulting in high morbidity and mortality. The development of precision medicine allows for the identification of more personalized therapeutic strategies to improve cancer treatment. By implanting primary cancer tissues into immunodeficient mice for expansion, patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models largely maintain similar histological and genetic representations naturally found in patients' tumor cells. PDX models of EC (EC-PDX) provide fine platforms to investigate the tumor microenvironment, tumor genomic heterogeneity, and tumor response to chemoradiotherapy, which are necessary for new drug discovery to combat EC in addition to optimization of current therapeutic strategies for EC. In this review, we summarize the methods used for establishing EC-PDX models and investigate the utilities of EC-PDX in screening predictive biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets. The challenge of this promising research tool is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianfeng Lan
- Sino-British Research Center for Molecular Oncology, National Center for the International Research in Cell and Gene Therapy, School of Basic Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Xia Xue
- Sino-British Research Center for Molecular Oncology, National Center for the International Research in Cell and Gene Therapy, School of Basic Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China
- The Academy of Medical Science, Precision Medicine Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Louisa Chard Dunmall
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers and Biotherapeuitcs, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Jinxin Miao
- Sino-British Research Center for Molecular Oncology, National Center for the International Research in Cell and Gene Therapy, School of Basic Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China
- Academy of Chinese Medicine Science, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Yaohe Wang
- Sino-British Research Center for Molecular Oncology, National Center for the International Research in Cell and Gene Therapy, School of Basic Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers and Biotherapeuitcs, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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16
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Zhang Z, Zhang C, Miao J, Wang Z, Wang Z, Cheng Z, Wang P, Dunmall LSC, Lemoine NR, Wang Y. A Tumor-Targeted Replicating Oncolytic Adenovirus Ad-TD-nsIL12 as a Promising Therapeutic Agent for Human Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cells 2020; 9:cells9112438. [PMID: 33182528 PMCID: PMC7698064 DOI: 10.3390/cells9112438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the most lethal cancers in China and existing therapies have been unable to significantly improve prognosis. Oncolytic adenoviruses (OAds) are novel promising anti-tumor drugs and have been evaluated in several cancers including ESCC. However, the antitumour efficacy of the first generation OAds (H101) as single agent is limited. Therefore, more effective OAds are needed. Our previous studies demonstrated that the novel oncolytic adenovirus Ad-TD-nsIL12 (human adenovirus type 5 with E1ACR2, E1B19K, E3gp19K-triple deletions)harboring human non-secretory IL-12 had significant anti-tumor effect, with no toxicity, in a Syrian hamster pancreatic cancer model. In this study, we evaluated the anti-tumor effect of Ad-TD-nsIL12 in human ESCC. The cytotoxicity of Ad-TD-nsIL12, H101 and cisplatin were investigated in two newly established patient-derived tumor cells (PDCs) and a panel of ESCC cell lines in vitro. A novel adenovirus-permissive, immune-deficient Syrian hamster model of PDCs subcutaneous xenograft was established for in vivo analysis of efficacy. The results showed that Ad-TD-nsIL12 was more cytotixic to and replicated more effectively in human ESCC cell lines than H101. Compared with cisplatin and H101, Ad-TD-nsIL12 could significantly inhibit tumor growth and tumor angiogenesis as well as enhance survival rate of animals with no side effects. These findings suggest that Ad-TD-nsIL12 has superior anti-tumor potency against human ESCC with a good safety profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zifang Zhang
- Sino-British Research Centre for Molecular Oncology, National Centre for International Research in Cell and Gene Therapy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China; (Z.Z.); (J.M.); (Z.W.); (Z.W.); (Z.C.); (P.W.)
| | - Chunyang Zhang
- Department of Surgical Sciences, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China;
| | - Jinxin Miao
- Sino-British Research Centre for Molecular Oncology, National Centre for International Research in Cell and Gene Therapy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China; (Z.Z.); (J.M.); (Z.W.); (Z.W.); (Z.C.); (P.W.)
- Department of Science and Technology, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Zhizhong Wang
- Sino-British Research Centre for Molecular Oncology, National Centre for International Research in Cell and Gene Therapy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China; (Z.Z.); (J.M.); (Z.W.); (Z.W.); (Z.C.); (P.W.)
| | - Zhimin Wang
- Sino-British Research Centre for Molecular Oncology, National Centre for International Research in Cell and Gene Therapy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China; (Z.Z.); (J.M.); (Z.W.); (Z.W.); (Z.C.); (P.W.)
| | - Zhenguo Cheng
- Sino-British Research Centre for Molecular Oncology, National Centre for International Research in Cell and Gene Therapy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China; (Z.Z.); (J.M.); (Z.W.); (Z.W.); (Z.C.); (P.W.)
| | - Pengju Wang
- Sino-British Research Centre for Molecular Oncology, National Centre for International Research in Cell and Gene Therapy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China; (Z.Z.); (J.M.); (Z.W.); (Z.W.); (Z.C.); (P.W.)
| | - Louisa S. Chard Dunmall
- Centre for Biomarkers & Biotherapeutics, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M6BQ, UK;
| | - Nicholas R. Lemoine
- Sino-British Research Centre for Molecular Oncology, National Centre for International Research in Cell and Gene Therapy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China; (Z.Z.); (J.M.); (Z.W.); (Z.W.); (Z.C.); (P.W.)
- Centre for Biomarkers & Biotherapeutics, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M6BQ, UK;
- Correspondence: (N.R.L.); (Y.W.); Tel.: +0044-207-8823500 (N.R.L.); +0044-207-8823596 (Y.W.)
| | - Yaohe Wang
- Sino-British Research Centre for Molecular Oncology, National Centre for International Research in Cell and Gene Therapy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China; (Z.Z.); (J.M.); (Z.W.); (Z.W.); (Z.C.); (P.W.)
- Centre for Biomarkers & Biotherapeutics, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M6BQ, UK;
- Correspondence: (N.R.L.); (Y.W.); Tel.: +0044-207-8823500 (N.R.L.); +0044-207-8823596 (Y.W.)
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