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Lu M, Zhang X, Chu Q, Chen Y, Zhang P. Susceptibility Genes Associated with Multiple Primary Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5788. [PMID: 38136334 PMCID: PMC10741435 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15245788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
With advancements in treatment and screening techniques, we have been witnessing an era where more cancer survivors harbor multiple primary cancers (MPCs), affecting approximately one in six patients. Identifying MPCs is crucial for tumor staging and subsequent treatment choices. However, the current clinicopathological criteria for clinical application are limited and insufficient, making it challenging to differentiate them from recurrences or metastases. The emergence of next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology has provided a genetic perspective for defining multiple primary cancers. Researchers have found that, when considering multiple tumor pairs, it is crucial not only to examine well-known essential mutations like MLH1/MSH2, EGFR, PTEN, BRCA1/2, CHEK2, and TP53 mutations but also to explore certain pleiotropic loci. Moreover, specific deleterious mutations may serve as regulatory factors in second cancer development following treatment. This review aims to discuss these susceptibility genes and provide an explanation of their functions based on the signaling pathway background. Additionally, the association network between genetic signatures and different tumor pairs will be summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; (M.L.)
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Tarallo M, Carruezzo C, Dentice Di Accadia FM, Del Gaudio A, Caruso D, Polici M, Crocetti D, Costi U, Polistena A, Panzuto F, Laghi A, Cavallaro G, Fiori E. A Case Report of Multiple Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors: Imaging Findings, Surgical Approach, and Review of the Literature. Front Surg 2022; 9:886135. [PMID: 36017517 PMCID: PMC9396543 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2022.886135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Multiple gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are rare tumors. Differential diagnosis between metastatic and multiple GISTs represents a challenge for a proper workup, prediction prognosis, and therapeutic strategy. Case presentation We present the case of 67-year-old man with computed tomography (CT) evidence of multiple exophytic lesions in the abdomen, reaching diameters ranging from 1 to 9 cm, without any signs of organs infiltration, and resulting positive at 18F-FDG-PET/CT. Laparoscopic biopsy revealed multiple GISTs, and surgical resection by using an open approach was performed to achieve radicality. Moreover, an extensive review of the current literature was performed. Results Small GISTs (<5 cm) can be treated by the laparoscopic approach, while in the case of large GISTs (>5 cm), tumor location and size should be taken into account to reach the stage of radical surgery avoiding tumor rupture. For metastatic GISTs, Imatinib represents the first choice of treatment, and surgery should be considered only in a few selected cases when all lesions are resectable. Conclusion Sporadic multiple GISTs are a rare event, imaging findings are not specific for GISTs, and biopsy requires a secure diagnosis and proper management. In the case of large lesions, with a high risk of vessels injury, laparotomy excision should be considered to achieve radicality and to avoid tumor rupture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariarita Tarallo
- Department of Surgery Pietro Valdoni, University of Rome Sapienza, Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: Mariarita Tarallo
| | - Cristina Carruezzo
- Department of Surgery Pietro Valdoni, University of Rome Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Antonella Del Gaudio
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Radiology Unit, Sant’Andrea University Hospital, University of Rome Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Damiano Caruso
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Radiology Unit, Sant’Andrea University Hospital, University of Rome Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Michela Polici
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Radiology Unit, Sant’Andrea University Hospital, University of Rome Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Crocetti
- Department of Surgery Pietro Valdoni, University of Rome Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Umberto Costi
- Department of Surgery Pietro Valdoni, University of Rome Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Polistena
- Department of Surgery Pietro Valdoni, University of Rome Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Panzuto
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Radiology Unit, Sant’Andrea University Hospital, University of Rome Sapienza, Rome, Italy
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Digestive Disease Unit, Sant'Andrea University Hospital, University of Rome Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Laghi
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Radiology Unit, Sant’Andrea University Hospital, University of Rome Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Cavallaro
- Department of Surgery Pietro Valdoni, University of Rome Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico Fiori
- Department of Surgery Pietro Valdoni, University of Rome Sapienza, Rome, Italy
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