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Lin S, Lu W, Wang T, Wang Y, Leng X, Chi L, Jin P, Bian J. Predictive model of acute kidney injury in critically ill patients with acute pancreatitis: a machine learning approach using the MIMIC-IV database. Ren Fail 2024; 46:2303395. [PMID: 38264967 PMCID: PMC10810629 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2024.2303395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common and serious complication in severe acute pancreatitis (AP), associated with high mortality rate. Early detection of AKI is crucial for prompt intervention and better outcomes. This study aims to develop and validate predictive models using machine learning (ML) to identify the onset of AKI in patients with AP. METHODS Patients with AP were extracted from the MIMIC-IV database. We performed feature selection using the random forest method. Model construction involved an ensemble of ML, including random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM), k-nearest neighbors (KNN), naive Bayes (NB), neural network (NNET), generalized linear model (GLM), and gradient boosting machine (GBM). The best-performing model was fine-tuned and evaluated through split-set validation. RESULTS We analyzed 1,235 critically ill patients with AP, of which 667 cases (54%) experienced AKI during hospitalization. We used 49 variables to construct models, including GBM, GLM, KNN, NB, NNET, RF, and SVM. The AUC for these models was 0.814 (95% CI, 0.763 to 0.865), 0.812 (95% CI, 0.769 to 0.854), 0.671 (95% CI, 0.622 to 0.719), 0.812 (95% CI, 0.780 to 0.864), 0.688 (95% CI, 0.624 to 0.752), 0.809 (95% CI, 0.766 to 0.851), and 0.810 (95% CI, 0.763 to 0.856) respectively. In the test set, the GBM's performance was consistent, with an area of 0.867 (95% CI, 0.831 to 0.903). CONCLUSIONS The GBM model's precision is crucial, aiding clinicians in identifying high-risk patients and enabling timely interventions to reduce mortality rates in critical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengwei Lin
- Faculty of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenbin Lu
- Faculty of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Faculty of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Faculty of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueqian Leng
- Faculty of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lidan Chi
- Faculty of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peipei Jin
- Faculty of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinjun Bian
- Faculty of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Xu XY, Gao Y, Yue CS, Tang YJ, Zhang ZJ, Xie FJ, Zhang H, Zhu YC, Zhang Y, Lai QQ, Wang XT, Xu JX, Zhang JN, Liu BW, Zhang JN, Kang K. Predictive and Prognostic Potentials of Lymphocyte-C-Reactive Protein Ratio Upon Hospitalization in Adult Patients with Acute Pancreatitis. J Inflamm Res 2024; 17:1659-1669. [PMID: 38504695 PMCID: PMC10949381 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s450587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose In this study, our objective was to investigate the potential utility of lymphocyte-C-reactive protein ratio (LCR) as a predictor of disease progression and a screening tool for intensive care unit (ICU) admission in adult patients with acute pancreatitis (AP). Methods We included a total of 217 adult patients with AP who were admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University between July 2019 and June 2022. These patients were categorized into three groups: mild AP (MAP), moderately severe AP (MSAP), and severe AP (SAP), based on the presence and duration of organ dysfunction. Various demographic and clinical data were collected and compared among different disease severity groups. Results Height, diabetes, lymphocyte count (LYMPH), lymphocyte percentage (LYM%), platelet count (PLT), D-Dimer, albumin (ALB), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (SCr), glucose (GLU), calcium ion (Ca2+), C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), hospitalization duration, ICU admission, need for BP, LCR, sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score, bedside index for severity in AP (BISAP) score, and modified Marshall score showed significant differences across different disease severity groups upon hospitalization. Notably, there were significant differences in LCR between the MAP group and the MSAP and SAP combined group, and the MAP and MSAP combined group and the SAP group, and adult AP patients with ICU admission and those without ICU admission upon hospitalization. Conclusion In summary, LCR upon hospitalization can be utilized as a simple and reliable predictor of disease progression and a screening tool for ICU admission in adult patients with AP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yu Xu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Second People’s Hospital of Beihai, Beihai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Gao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chuang-Shi Yue
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu-Jia Tang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhao-Jin Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Yichun Central Hospital, Yichun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Feng-Jie Xie
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Hongqi Hospital Affiliated to Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Hongqi Hospital Affiliated to Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu-Cheng Zhu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Hongxinglong Hospital of Beidahuang Group, Shuangyashan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Hongxinglong Hospital of Beidahuang Group, Shuangyashan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qi-Qi Lai
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin-Tong Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jia-Xi Xu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jia-Ning Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bo-Wen Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian-Nan Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kai Kang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
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Wu S, Zhou Q, Cai Y, Duan X. Development and validation of a prediction model for the early occurrence of acute kidney injury in patients with acute pancreatitis. Ren Fail 2023; 45:2194436. [PMID: 36999227 PMCID: PMC10071964 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2023.2194436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute pancreatitis (AP) is associated with a high incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI). This study aimed to develop a nomogram for predicting the early onset of AKI in AP patients admitted to the intensive care unit. METHOD Clinical data for 799 patients diagnosed with AP were extracted from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV database. Eligible AP patients were randomly divided into training and validation cohorts. The independent prognostic factors for the early development of AKI in AP patients were determined using the all-subsets regression method and multivariate logistic regression. A nomogram was constructed for predicting the early occurrence of AKI in AP patients. The performance of the nomogram was evaluated based on the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), calibration curves and decision curve analysis (DCA). RESULTS Seven independent prognostic factors were identified as predictive factors for early onset AKI in AP patients. The AUC of the nomogram in the training and validation cohorts were 0.795 (95% CI, 0.758-0.832) and 0.772 (95% CI, 0.711-0.832), respectively. The AUC of the nomogram was higher compared with that of the BISAP, Ranson, APACHE II scores. Further, the calibration curve revealed that the predicted outcome was in agreement with the actual observations. Finally, the DCA curves showed that the nomogram had a good clinical applicability value. CONCLUSION The constructed nomogram showed a good predictive ability for the early occurrence of AKI in AP patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simin Wu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, P.R. China
| | - Qin Zhou
- Department of Intensive care Medicine, The First People’s Hospital of Changde, Changde, P.R. China
| | - Yang Cai
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First People’s Hospital of Changde, Changde, P.R. China
| | - Xiangjie Duan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First People’s Hospital of Changde, Changde, P.R. China
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Patel DB, Farris AC, Hanna C, Hashim F. Concurrent acute kidney injury and pancreatitis in a female patient: Answers. Pediatr Nephrol 2023; 38:1047-1050. [PMID: 35758996 PMCID: PMC9243956 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-022-05665-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Darshan B Patel
- Department of Pediatrics, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Baylor Scott & White McLane Children's Medical Center, Temple, TX, USA
| | - Amanda C Farris
- Division of Pediatric Hospital Medicine, Baylor Scott & White McLane Children's Medical Center, Temple, TX, USA
| | - Christian Hanna
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Faris Hashim
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Baylor Scott & White McLane Children's Medical Center, Temple, TX, USA.
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Machine learning for the prediction of acute kidney injury in patients with acute pancreatitis admitted to the intensive care unit. Chin Med J (Engl) 2022; 135:2886-2887. [PMID: 36728600 PMCID: PMC9945164 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000002531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
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Role of neutrophil extracellular traps in inflammatory evolution in severe acute pancreatitis. Chin Med J (Engl) 2022; 135:2773-2784. [PMID: 36729096 PMCID: PMC9945416 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000002359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) is a life-threatening acute abdominal disease with two peaks of death: the first in the early stage, characterized by systemic inflammatory response-associated organ failure; and the second in the late stage, characterized by infectious complications. Neutrophils are the main immune cells participating in the whole process of SAP. In addition to the traditional recognition of neutrophils as the origination of chemokine and cytokine cascades or phagocytosis and degranulation of pathogens, neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) also play an important roles in inflammatory reactions. We reviewed the role of NETs in the occurrence and development of SAP and its fatal complications, including multiple organs injury, infected pancreatic necrosis, and thrombosis. This review provides novel insights into the involvement of NETs throughout the entire process of SAP, showing that targeting NETs might be a promising strategy in SAP treatment. However, precision therapeutic options targeting NETs in different situations require further investigation.
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Dumnicka P, Mazur-Laskowska M, Ceranowicz P, Sporek M, Kolber W, Tisończyk J, Kuźniewski M, Maziarz B, Kuśnierz-Cabala B. Acute Changes in Serum Creatinine and Kinetic Glomerular Filtration Rate Estimation in Early Phase of Acute Pancreatitis. J Clin Med 2022; 11:6159. [PMID: 36294481 PMCID: PMC9605446 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11206159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In patients with acutely changing kidney function, equations used to estimate glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) must be adjusted for dynamic changes in the concentrations of filtration markers (kinetic eGFR, KeGFR). The aim of our study was to evaluate serum creatinine-based KeGFR in patients in the early phase of acute pancreatitis (AP) as a marker of changing renal function and as a predictor of AP severity. We retrospectively calculated KeGFR on day 2 and 3 of the hospital stay in a group of 147 adult patients admitted within 24 h from the onset of AP symptoms and treated in two secondary-care hospitals. In 34 (23%) patients, changes in serum creatinine during days 1-3 of the hospital stay exceeded 26.5 µmol/L; KeGFR values almost completely differentiated those with increasing and decreasing serum creatinine (area under receiver operating characteristic curve, AUROC: 0.990 on day 3). In twelve (8%) patients, renal failure was diagnosed during the first three days of the hospital stay according to the modified Marshall scoring system, which was associated with significantly lower KeGFR values. KeGFR offered good diagnostic accuracy for renal failure (area under receiver operating characteristic-AUROC: 0.942 and 0.950 on days 2 and 3). Fourteen (10%) patients developed severe AP. KeGFR enabled prediction of severe AP with moderate diagnostic accuracy (AUROC: 0.788 and 0.769 on days 2 and 3), independently of age, sex, comorbidities and study center. Lower KeGFR values were significantly associated with mortality. Significant dynamic changes in renal function are common in the early phase of AP. KeGFR may be useful in the assessment of kidney function in AP and the prediction of AP severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Dumnicka
- Department of Medical Diagnostics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | | | - Piotr Ceranowicz
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-531 Kraków, Poland
| | - Mateusz Sporek
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-034 Kraków, Poland
- Surgery Department, The District Hospital, 34-200 Sucha Beskidzka, Poland
| | - Witold Kolber
- Department of Surgery, Complex of Health Care Centers in Wadowice, 34-100 Wadowice, Poland
| | - Joanna Tisończyk
- Department of Medical Diagnostics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Marek Kuźniewski
- Chair and Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Barbara Maziarz
- Department of Diagnostics, Chair of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-066 Kraków, Poland
| | - Beata Kuśnierz-Cabala
- Chair of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-034 Kraków, Poland
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Liu Z, Yang Y, Song H, Luo J. A prediction model with measured sentiment scores for the risk of in-hospital mortality in acute pancreatitis: a retrospective cohort study. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2022; 10:676. [PMID: 35845515 PMCID: PMC9279801 DOI: 10.21037/atm-22-1613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Background Accurate and prompt clinical assessment of the severity and prognosis of patients with acute pancreatitis (AP) is critical, particularly during hospitalization. Natural language processing algorithms gain an opportunity from the growing number of free-text notes in electronic health records to mine this unstructured data, e.g., nursing notes, to detect and predict adverse outcomes. However, the predictive value of nursing notes for AP prognosis is unclear. In this study, a predictive model for in-hospital mortality in AP was developed using measured sentiment scores in nursing notes. Methods The data of AP patients in the retrospective cohort study were collected from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care III (MIMIC-III) database. Sentiments in nursing notes were assessed by sentiment analysis. For each individual clinical note, sentiment polarity and sentiment subjectivity scores were assigned. The in-hospital mortality of AP patients was the outcome. A predictive model was built based on clinical information and sentiment scores, and its performance and clinical value were evaluated using the area under curves (AUCs) and decision-making curves, respectively. Results Of the 631 AP patients included, 88 cases (13.9%) cases were dead in hospital. When various confounding factors were adjusted, the mean sentiment polarity was associated with a reduced risk of in-hospital mortality in AP [odds ratio (OR): 0.448; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.233–0.833; P=0.014]. A predictive model was established in the training group via multivariate logistic regression analysis, including 12 independent variables. In the testing group, the model showed an AUC of 0.812, which was significantly greater than the sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) of 0.732 and the simplified acute physiology score-II (SAPS-II) of 0.792 (P<0.05). When the same level of risk was considered, the clinical benefits of the predictive model were found to be the highest compared with SOFA and SAPS-II scores. Conclusions The model combined sentiment scores in nursing notes showed well predictive performance and clinical value in in-hospital mortality of AP patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanxiao Liu
- Emergency Department, Aerospace Center Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ya Yang
- Emergency Department, Aerospace Center Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Huanhuan Song
- Emergency Department, Aerospace Center Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ji Luo
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Rheumatic Immunology Department, People's Hospital of Chongqing Banan District, Chongqing, China
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Kang K, Luo Y, Gao Y, Zhang J, Wang C, Fei D, Yang W, Meng X, Ye M, Gao Y, Liu H, Du X, Ji Y, Wei J, Xie W, Wang J, Zhao M, Yu K. Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy With oXiris Filter May Not be an Effective Resolution to Alleviate Cytokine Release Syndrome in Non-AKI Patients With Severe and Critical COVID-19. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:817793. [PMID: 35185571 PMCID: PMC8854969 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.817793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to determine whether continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) with oXiris filter may alleviate cytokine release syndrome (CRS) in non-AKI patients with severe and critical coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). A total of 17 non-AKI patients with severe and critical COVID-19 treated between February 14 and March 26, 2020 were included and randomly divided into intervention group and control group according to the random number table. Patients in the intervention group immediately received CRRT with oXiris filter plus conventional treatment, while those in the control group only received conventional treatment. Demographic data were collected and collated at admission. During ICU hospitalization, the concentrations of circulating cytokines and inflammatory chemokines, including IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, and IFN-γ, were quantitatively measured daily to reflect the degree of CRS induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection. Clinical data, including the severity of COVID-19 white blood cell count (WBC), neutrophil proportion (NEUT%), lymphocyte count (LYMPH), lymphocyte percentage (LYM%), platelet (PLT), C-reaction protein (CRP), high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total bilirubin (TB), albumin (ALB), serum creatinine (SCr), D-Dimer, fibrinogen (FIB), IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, IFN-γ, number of hospital days and sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score were obtained and collated from medical records, and then compared between the two groups. Age, and SCr significantly differed between the two groups. Besides the IL-2 concentration that was significantly lower on day 2 than that on day 1 in the intervention group, and the IL-6 concentrations that were significantly higher on day 1, and day 2 in the intervention group compared to the control group, similar to the IL-10 concentration on day 5, there were no significant differences between the two groups. To sum up, CRRT with oXiris filter may not effectively alleviate CRS in non-AKI patients with severe and critical COVID-19. Thus, its application in these patients should be considered with caution to avoid increasing the unnecessary burden on society and individuals and making the already overwhelmed medical system even more strained (IRB number: IRB-AF/SC-04).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Kang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yunpeng Luo
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yang Gao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Institute of Critical Care Medicine, the Sino Russian Medical Research Center of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jiannan Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Changsong Wang
- Institute of Critical Care Medicine, the Sino Russian Medical Research Center of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Dongsheng Fei
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xianglin Meng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ming Ye
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yan Gao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Haitao Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xue Du
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ji
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jieling Wei
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Wanqiu Xie
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Mingyan Zhao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- *Correspondence: Mingyan Zhao, ; Kaijiang Yu,
| | - Kaijiang Yu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Institute of Critical Care Medicine, the Sino Russian Medical Research Center of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
- The Cell Transplantation Key Laboratory of National Health Commission, Harbin, China
- *Correspondence: Mingyan Zhao, ; Kaijiang Yu,
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