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Skafida M, Duvall MM, Zelley K, Baldino SE, Brodeur GM, Kolon T, Mostoufi-Moab S, MacFarland SP. Conservative management of gynecomastia in Peutz-Jeghers syndrome: Case series and review of the literature. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2024; 71:e31180. [PMID: 39072970 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.31180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (PJS) is a childhood-onset cancer predisposition syndrome that is associated with oral freckling and gastrointestinal polyposis. Male patients with PJS are at risk for large-cell calcifying Sertoli cell tumors in childhood. These tumors are estrogen-producing and can cause symptoms of precocious puberty, gynecomastia, and growth acceleration. Here we discuss our experience with spontaneous resolution or stabilization of breast enlargement without medical intervention in three patients with PJS and gynecomastia. These cases indicate that a watchful waiting approach can be considered in the management of gynecomastia in male children with PJS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myrto Skafida
- Department of Pediatrics, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, New York, USA
| | - Melani M Duvall
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kristin Zelley
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sarah E Baldino
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Garrett M Brodeur
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Thomas Kolon
- Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sogol Mostoufi-Moab
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Suzanne P MacFarland
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Chen G, Li MY, Yang JY, Zhou ZH. Will AMPK be a potential therapeutic target for hepatocellular carcinoma? Am J Cancer Res 2024; 14:3241-3258. [PMID: 39113872 PMCID: PMC11301289 DOI: 10.62347/yavk1315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the disease that poses the greatest threat to human health today. Among them, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is particularly prominent due to its high recurrence rate and extremely low five-year postoperative survival rate. In addition to surgical treatment, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy are the main methods for treating HCC. Due to the natural drug resistance of chemoradiotherapy and targeted drugs, satisfactory results have not been achieved in terms of therapeutic efficacy and cost. AMP-Activated Protein Kinase (AMPK) is a serine/threonine protein kinase. It mainly coordinates the metabolism and transformation of energy between cells, which maintaining a balance between energy supply and demand. The processes of cell growth, proliferation, autophagy, and survival all involve various reaction of cells to energy changes. The regulatory role of AMPK in cellular energy metabolism plays an important role in the occurrence, development, treatment, and prognosis of HCC. Here, we reviewed the latest progress on the regulatory role of AMPK in the occurrence and development of HCC. Firstly, the molecular structure and activation mechanism of AMPK were introduced. Secondly, the emerging regulator related to AMPK and tumors were elaborated. Next, the multitasking roles of AMPK in the occurrence and development mechanism of HCC were discussed separately. Finally, the translational implications and the challenges of AMPK-targeted therapies for HCC treatment were elaborated. In summary, these pieces of information suggest that AMPK can serve as a promising specific therapeutic target for the treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo Chen
- Department of Oncology, Anhui Hospital, Shuguang Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineHefei, Anhui, China
| | - Ming-Yuan Li
- Department of Oncology, Anhui Hospital, Shuguang Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineHefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jing-Yi Yang
- Department of Oncology, Feixi Hospital of Traditional Chinese MedicineFeixi, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Zhen-Hua Zhou
- Department of Hepatopathy, Shuguang Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghai, China
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Yuan Z, Yang M, Yuan Y. The Progress of Colorectal Polyposis Syndrome in Chinese Population. Clin Colon Rectal Surg 2023; 36:391-399. [PMID: 37795462 PMCID: PMC10547542 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1767708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
The pathogenesis, clinical phenotype, treatment strategy, and family management of hereditary tumor syndromes are different from those of sporadic tumors. Nearly a quarter of patients with colorectal cancer show significant familial aggregation and genetic predisposition, and 5 to 10% are associated with definite genetic factors. According to the clinical phenotype, it can be divided into nonpolyposis syndrome and polyposis syndrome. Among the polyposis syndrome patients with definite clinical symptoms, there are still some patients with unknown etiology (especially attenuated familial adenomatous polyposis), which is a difficult problem in clinical diagnosis and treatment. Therefore, for this rare disease, it is urgent to carry out multicenter studies, complete the gene variation spectrum, explore new pathogenic factors, and accumulate clinical experience. This article mainly introduces the research progress and related work of colorectal polyposis syndrome in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijun Yuan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mengyuan Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for CANCER, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ying Yuan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for CANCER, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Xu Z, Gu G. Cancer Risk of Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome and Treatment Experience: A Chinese Medical Center. Clin Colon Rectal Surg 2023; 36:406-414. [PMID: 37795464 PMCID: PMC10547534 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1767704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (PJS), also known as hereditary mucocutaneous pigmented gastrointestinal polyposis, is a clinically rare autosomal dominant genetic disease, which falls into the category of hereditary colorectal cancer. There are ∼7,000 new cases of PJS in China every year, and 170,000 PJS patients may survive for a long time in society. PJS polyps are characterized by an early age of onset, difficult diagnosis and treatment, and easy recurrence. With repeated growth, polyps can lead to serious complications such as intestinal obstruction, intussusception, gastrointestinal bleeding, and cancerization, which cause serious clinical problems. Due to repeated hospitalization and endoscopic follow-up, PJS patients and their families suffer from great physical and mental pain and economic burden. With the in-depth understanding of PJS and the development and popularization of endoscopic techniques in the past decade, an integrated treatment modality based on endoscopy plus surgery has gradually become the preferred treatment in most hospitals, which greatly improves the quality of life of PJS patients. However, there is still a lack of effective drug prevention and cure means. In this paper, the current clinical treatment means for PJS polyps were summarized by literature review combined with the treatment experience of our medical center, with a focus on their clinical diagnosis, treatment, and cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuxin Xu
- Fifth Clinical College of Anhui Medical University, Air Force Clinical College of Anhui Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of General Surgery, Air Force Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Guoli Gu
- Department of General Surgery, Air Force Medical Center, Beijing, China
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CAI X, CAO Z, PAN J, ZHENG H. Transcription factor NFIC activates STK11 transcription to repress the proliferation, migration, and invasion of lung adenocarcinoma cells. MINERVA BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOMOLECULAR RESEARCH 2023. [DOI: 10.23736/s2724-542x.23.02918-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
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Wang S, Huang G, Wang JX, Tian L, Zuo XL, Li YQ, Yu YB. Altered Gut Microbiota in Patients With Peutz–Jeghers Syndrome. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:881508. [PMID: 35910641 PMCID: PMC9326469 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.881508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Peutz–Jeghers syndrome (PJS) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by the development of pigmented spots and gastrointestinal polyps and increased susceptibility to cancers. It remains unknown whether gut microbiota dysbiosis is linked to PJS. Aim This study aimed to assess the structure and composition of the gut microbiota, including both bacteria and fungi, in patients with PJS and investigate the relationship between gut microbiota dysbiosis and PJS pathogenesis. Methods The bacterial and fungal composition of the fecal microbiota was analyzed in 23 patients with PJS (cases), 17 first-degree asymptomatic relatives (ARs), and 24 healthy controls (HCs) using 16S (MiSeq) and ITS2 (pyrosequencing) sequencing for bacteria and fungi, respectively. Differential analyses of the intestinal flora were performed from the phylum to species level. Results Alpha-diversity distributions of bacteria and fungi indicated that the abundance of both taxa differed between PJS cases and controls. However, while the diversity and composition of fecal bacteria in PJS cases were significantly different from those in ARs and HCs, fungal flora was more stable. High-throughput sequencing confirmed the special characteristics and biodiversity of the fecal bacterial and fungal microflora in patients with PJS. They had lower bacterial biodiversity than controls, with a higher frequency of the Proteobacteria phylum, Enterobacteriaceae family, and Escherichia-Shigella genus, and a lower frequency of the Firmicutes phylum and the Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae families. Of fungi, Candida was significantly higher in PJS cases than in controls. Conclusion The findings reported here confirm gut microbiota dysbiosis in patients with PJS. This is the first report on the bacterial and fungal microbiota profile of subjects with PJS, which may be meaningful to provide a structural basis for further research on intestinal microecology in PJS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sui Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Laboratory of Translational Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Gang Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Laboratory of Translational Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jue-Xin Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Laboratory of Translational Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lin Tian
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Laboratory of Translational Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiu-Li Zuo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Laboratory of Translational Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yan-Qing Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Laboratory of Translational Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yan-Bo Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Laboratory of Translational Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Yan-Bo Yu
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