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Jirak P, Mirna M, Van Almsick V, Shomanova Z, Mahringer M, Lichtenauer M, Kopp K, Topf A, Sieg F, Kraus J, Gharibeh SX, Hoppe UC, Fiedler L, Larbig R, Pistulli R, Motloch LJ, Dieplinger AM. Gender-Specific Differences in the Intensive Care Treatment of COVID-19 Patients. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12050849. [PMID: 35629271 PMCID: PMC9146781 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12050849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Gender-specific differences in the outcome of COVID-19 patients requiring intensive care treatment have been reported. However, a potential association with ICU therapy remains elusive. Methods: A total of 224 consecutive patients (63 women) treated for severe COVID-19 disease requiring mechanical ventilation were screened for the study. After propensity score matching for gender, 40 men and 40 women were included in the study. Comparative analysis was conducted for laboratory parameters, ICU therapy and complications (pulmonary embolism, thrombosis, stroke, and ventricular arrhythmias), and outcome (mortality). Results: Male patients had significantly higher levels of CRP (p = 0.012), interleukin-6 (p = 0.020) and creatinine (p = 0.027), while pH levels (p = 0.014) were significantly lower compared to females. Male patients had longer intubation times (p = 0.017), longer ICU stays (p = 0.022) and higher rates of catecholamine dependence (p = 0.037). Outcome, complications and ICU therapy did not differ significantly between both groups. Conclusion: The present study represents the first matched comparison of male and female COVID-19 patients requiring intensive care treatment. After propensity matching, male patients still displayed a higher disease severity. This was reflected in higher rates of vasopressors, duration of ICU stay and duration of intubation. In contrast, no significant differences were observed in mortality rates, organ replacement therapy and complications during ICU stay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Jirak
- Clinic II for Internal Medicine, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (M.M.); (M.M.); (M.L.); (K.K.); (F.S.); (J.K.); (S.X.G.); (U.C.H.); (L.F.); (L.J.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Moritz Mirna
- Clinic II for Internal Medicine, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (M.M.); (M.M.); (M.L.); (K.K.); (F.S.); (J.K.); (S.X.G.); (U.C.H.); (L.F.); (L.J.M.)
| | - Vincent Van Almsick
- Department of Cardiology I, Coronary and Peripheral Vascular Disease, Heart Failure, University Hospital Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany; (V.V.A.); (Z.S.); (R.P.)
| | - Zornitsa Shomanova
- Department of Cardiology I, Coronary and Peripheral Vascular Disease, Heart Failure, University Hospital Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany; (V.V.A.); (Z.S.); (R.P.)
| | - Magdalena Mahringer
- Clinic II for Internal Medicine, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (M.M.); (M.M.); (M.L.); (K.K.); (F.S.); (J.K.); (S.X.G.); (U.C.H.); (L.F.); (L.J.M.)
| | - Michael Lichtenauer
- Clinic II for Internal Medicine, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (M.M.); (M.M.); (M.L.); (K.K.); (F.S.); (J.K.); (S.X.G.); (U.C.H.); (L.F.); (L.J.M.)
| | - Kristen Kopp
- Clinic II for Internal Medicine, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (M.M.); (M.M.); (M.L.); (K.K.); (F.S.); (J.K.); (S.X.G.); (U.C.H.); (L.F.); (L.J.M.)
| | - Albert Topf
- Clinic for Internal Medicine, Hospital Villach, 9500 Villach, Austria;
| | - Franz Sieg
- Clinic II for Internal Medicine, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (M.M.); (M.M.); (M.L.); (K.K.); (F.S.); (J.K.); (S.X.G.); (U.C.H.); (L.F.); (L.J.M.)
| | - Johannes Kraus
- Clinic II for Internal Medicine, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (M.M.); (M.M.); (M.L.); (K.K.); (F.S.); (J.K.); (S.X.G.); (U.C.H.); (L.F.); (L.J.M.)
| | - Sarah X. Gharibeh
- Clinic II for Internal Medicine, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (M.M.); (M.M.); (M.L.); (K.K.); (F.S.); (J.K.); (S.X.G.); (U.C.H.); (L.F.); (L.J.M.)
| | - Uta C. Hoppe
- Clinic II for Internal Medicine, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (M.M.); (M.M.); (M.L.); (K.K.); (F.S.); (J.K.); (S.X.G.); (U.C.H.); (L.F.); (L.J.M.)
| | - Lukas Fiedler
- Clinic II for Internal Medicine, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (M.M.); (M.M.); (M.L.); (K.K.); (F.S.); (J.K.); (S.X.G.); (U.C.H.); (L.F.); (L.J.M.)
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Wiener Neustadt Hospital, 2700 Wiener Neustadt, Austria
| | - Robert Larbig
- Division of Cardiology, Hospital Maria Hilf Mönchengladbach, 41063 Mönchengladbach, Germany;
- Department of Cardiology II-Electrophysiology, University Hospital Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Rudin Pistulli
- Department of Cardiology I, Coronary and Peripheral Vascular Disease, Heart Failure, University Hospital Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany; (V.V.A.); (Z.S.); (R.P.)
| | - Lukas J. Motloch
- Clinic II for Internal Medicine, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (M.M.); (M.M.); (M.L.); (K.K.); (F.S.); (J.K.); (S.X.G.); (U.C.H.); (L.F.); (L.J.M.)
| | - Anna-Maria Dieplinger
- Nursing Science Programme, Institute for Nursing Science and Practice, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria;
- Medical Faculty, Johannes Kepler University Linz, 4040 Linz, Austria
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