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Lau LHY, Nano J, Cecil A, Schederecker F, Rathmann W, Prehn C, Zeller T, Lechner A, Adamski J, Peters A, Thorand B. Cross-sectional and prospective relationships of endogenous progestogens and estrogens with glucose metabolism in men and women: a KORA F4/FF4 Study. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2021; 9:9/1/e001951. [PMID: 33574134 PMCID: PMC7880095 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2020-001951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Relationships between endogenous female sex hormones and glycemic traits remain understudied, especially in men. We examined whether endogenous 17α-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP), progesterone, estradiol (E2), and free estradiol (fE2) were associated with glycemic traits and glycemic deterioration. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS 921 mainly middle-aged and elderly men and 390 perimenopausal/postmenopausal women from the German population-based Cooperative Health Research in the Region of Augsburg (KORA) F4/FF4 cohort study were followed up for a median of 6.4 years. Sex hormones were measured at baseline using mass spectrometry. We calculated regression coefficients (β) and ORs with 95% CIs using multivariable-adjusted linear and logistic regression models for Z-standardized hormones and glycemic traits or glycemic deterioration (ie, worsening of categorized glucose tolerance status), respectively. RESULTS In the cross-sectional analysis (n=1222 men and n=594 women), in men, 17-OHP was inversely associated with 2h-glucose (2hG) (β=-0.067, 95% CI -0.120 to -0.013) and fasting insulin (β=-0.074, 95% CI -0.118 to -0.030), and positively associated with Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index (QUICKI) (β=0.061, 95% CI 0.018 to 0.105). Progesterone was inversely associated with fasting insulin (β=-0.047, 95% CI -0.088 to -0.006) and positively associated with QUICKI (β=0.041, 95% CI 0.001 to 0.082). E2 was inversely associated with fasting insulin (β=-0.068, 95% CI -0.116 to -0.020) and positively associated with QUICKI (β=0.059, 95% CI 0.012 to 0.107). fE2 was positively associated with glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) (β=0.079, 95% CI 0.027 to 0.132). In women, 17-OHP was positively associated with fasting glucose (FG) (β=0.068, 95% CI 0.014 to 0.123). fE2 was positively associated with FG (β=0.080, 95% CI 0.020 to 0.141) and HbA1c (β=0.121, 95% CI 0.062 to 0.180). In the sensitivity analyses restricted to postmenopausal women, we observed a positive association between 17-OHP and glycemic deterioration (OR=1.518, 95% CI 1.033 to 2.264). CONCLUSIONS Inter-relations exist between female sex hormones and glucose-related traits among perimenopausal/postmenopausal women and insulin-related traits among men. Endogenous progestogens and estrogens appear to be involved in glucose homeostasis not only in women but in men as well. Further well-powered studies assessing causal associations between endogenous female sex hormones and glycemic traits are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Hui Ying Lau
- Institute of of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology (IBE), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), München, Germany
- International Helmholtz Research School for Diabetes, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jana Nano
- Institute of of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, München-Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Alexander Cecil
- Research Unit, Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Florian Schederecker
- Institute of of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Rathmann
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Biometrics and Epidemiology, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Cornelia Prehn
- Research Unit, Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Tanja Zeller
- Department of General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Andreas Lechner
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), München, Germany
| | - Jerzy Adamski
- Research Unit, Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Lehrstuhl für Experimentelle Genetik, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Annette Peters
- Institute of of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, München-Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, München, Germany
| | - Barbara Thorand
- Institute of of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, München-Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
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Aronia melanocarpa Prevents Alcohol-Induced Chronic Liver Injury via Regulation of Nrf2 Signaling in C57BL/6 Mice. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:4054520. [PMID: 31998436 PMCID: PMC6970495 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4054520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Aronia melanocarpa (AM), which is rich in anthocyanins and procyanidins, has been reported to exert antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects. This study aimed to systematically analyze the components of AM and explore its effects on alcohol-induced chronic liver injury in mice. A component analysis of AM revealed 17 types of fatty acids, 17 types of amino acids, 8 types of minerals, and 3 types of nucleotides. Chronic alcohol-induced liver injury was established in mice via gradient alcohol feeding over a period of 6 months, with test groups orally receiving AM in the last 6 weeks. AM administration yielded potential hepatoprotective effects by alleviating weight gain and changes in organ indexes, decreasing the ratio of alanine aminotransferase/aspartate aminotransferase, reducing lipid peroxidation, enhancing antioxidant activities, decreasing oxidation-related factor levels, and regulating inflammatory cytokine levels. Histological analyses suggest that AM treatment markedly prevented organ damage in alcohol-exposed mice. Furthermore, AM activated nuclear factor erythroid 2-like 2 (Nrf2) by downregulating the expression of Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1, resulting in elevated downstream antioxidative enzyme levels. AM activated Nrf2 via modulation of the phosphatidylinositol-3-hydroxykinase/protein kinase B signaling pathway. Altogether, AM prevented alcohol-induced liver injury, potentially by suppressing oxidative stress via the Nrf2 signaling pathway.
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Görük NY, Deveci E. Immunoexpression of vascular endothelial growth factor and B-cell lymphoma 2 in the uterine tissue of rats treated with melatonin in the estrus phase1. Acta Cir Bras 2018; 33:629-640. [PMID: 30110064 DOI: 10.1590/s0102-865020180070000008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the effect of melatonin on uterine tissue in the ovariectomized rat model. METHODS Fourty Wistar albino rats were divided into four groups for histologic and immunohistochemical examination. The rats were first numbered randomly and then randomly divided into 4 equal groups: control (group 1), torsion (group 2), torsion+detorsion (group 3) and torsion+detorsion+melatonin (group 4) groups. In addition, four Wistar albino rats were used for western blot analysis in each group. And also, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were measured biochemically in all rats. RESULTS The histopathological examination of the uterine tissue in rats ovarectomized showed a degeneration in uterine glands, dilation of blood vessels in the internal layer with a thrombosis and bleeding, abnormal nucleuses and vacuolated cytoplasm above and below the nucleus. In torsion group, the apoptotic cells increased in luminal epithelium and gland cells. In the melatonin group showed that the Bcl2 negative effect on the uterine epithelium and did not lead to apoptotic cells. CONCLUSION The increase in vascular endothelial growth factor expression resulted in the rearrangement of endothelial cell growth and the induction of angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neval Yaman Görük
- MD, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Memorial Hospital, Diyarbakır, Turkey. Conception and design of the study, technical procedures, manuscript writing, critical revision
| | - Engin Deveci
- PhD, Professor, Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Dicle University, Diyarbakır, Turkey. Conception and design of the study, technical procedures, histological examinations, manuscript writing, critical revision
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Female Sex Hormones Pattern and Its Relation to Disease Severity and Treatment in Pre- and Postmenopausal Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C Virus (Genotype 4) Infection. Int J Chronic Dis 2015; 2015:927974. [PMID: 26464874 PMCID: PMC4590939 DOI: 10.1155/2015/927974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Revised: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis C (CHC) course revealed differences between men and women. Male gender and postmenopausal women are thought to be of the critical factors affecting HCV infection progression. The study aimed to assess female sex hormones and their relation to disease severity and treatment in HCV infected females. Subjects were divided to 2 groups: 44 CHC female patients and 44 controls. Both groups were classified to premenopausal and postmenopausal females. Serum estradiol (E2), progesterone (PRG), and total testosterone (TT) were assessed using chemiluminescent immunoassay. Our results showed that menopausal patients had significantly higher levels of estradiol, total testosterone, and progesterone compared to controls (P < 0.001). Reproductive aged patients had lower level of total testosterone compared to menopausal patients (P < 0.001). HCV infected females of reproductive age had higher level of progesterone compared to menopausal HCV infected females (P = 0.0014). Indicators of disease severity and treatment response were significantly worse in menopausal women compared to reproductive aged women (fibrosis: P < 0.001, activity: P = 0.045, and treatment: P < 0.001). We observed that lower estradiol level may be related to fibrosis severity in CHC females. Higher total testosterone and progesterone levels may be related to fibrosis severity and poor response to treatment in CHC menopausal females only.
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Liu P, Jin X, Lv H, Li J, Xu W, Qian HH, Yin Z. Icaritin ameliorates carbon tetrachloride-induced acute liver injury mainly because of the antioxidative function through estrogen-like effects. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2014; 50:899-908. [DOI: 10.1007/s11626-014-9792-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Chaudhari HN, Kim SW, Yun JW. Gender-dimorphic regulation of antioxidant proteins in response to high-fat diet and sex steroid hormones in rats. Free Radic Res 2014; 48:587-98. [DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2014.896003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Baxi DB, Singh PK, Vachhrajani KD, Ramachandran AV. Melatonin supplementation in rat ameliorates ovariectomy-induced oxidative stress. Climacteric 2012; 16:274-83. [DOI: 10.3109/13697137.2012.682108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Aydin M, Oktar S, Ozkan OV, Alçin E, Oztürk OH, Nacar A. Letrozole induces hepatotoxicity without causing oxidative stress: the protective effect of melatonin. Gynecol Endocrinol 2011; 27:209-15. [PMID: 20528203 DOI: 10.3109/09513590.2010.488769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to determine the effects of letrozole (LTZ), an aromatase inhibitor (AI), and melatonin (MLT) on hepatic function and oxidative stress in female rats. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 32 female rats were divided equally into four groups (n = 8). Control group received saline (0.5 ml/day, oral gavage). LTZ was administered to rats by daily oral gavage at 1 mg/kg dose. LTZ + MLT group was given LTZ (1 mg/kg, oral gavage) plus MLT (0.5 mg/kg/day, s.c.). MLT group was given MLT (0.5 mg/kg/day) by s.c. injection. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were measured in liver tissue. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total oxidant status (TOS), ALT, AST, GGT, ALP, LDH, bilirubin, BUN, creatinine, total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and triglyceride (TG) were assayed in serum samples. RESULTS The oxidative stress parameters did not differ between groups. LTZ administration increased hepatic function parameters such as AST, LDH, ALP, bilirubin and MLT improved the disturbances of hepatic function. LTZ caused minimal histological changes in liver tissue and MLT treatment reversed those dejenerations. DISCUSSION LTZ may cause hepatotoxicity without inducing oxidative stress and MLT restores hepatic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Aydin
- Medical Faculty of Mustafa Kemal University, Department of Physiology, Hatay, Turkey
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Hayashida K, Shoji I, Deng L, Jiang DP, Ide YH, Hotta H. 17β-estradiol inhibits the production of infectious particles of hepatitis C virus. Microbiol Immunol 2010; 54:684-90. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.2010.00268.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Direct and indirect effects of kisspeptin on liver oxidant and antioxidant systems in young male rats. Cell Biochem Funct 2010; 28:293-9. [PMID: 20517893 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.1656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Kisspeptin is a recently discovered hypothalamic peptide which plays an important role in the central control of reproductive functions. We have investigated direct and indirect effects of kisspeptin on the liver oxidative stress in young male rats. Twenty-four rats were divided into four groups (n = 6/group). First group served as control and received saline. Kisspeptin-10 was administered to the animals in the second group (20 nmol/rat/day), for a period of 7 days. Rats were given only one dose gosereline (0.9 mg/rat), a GnRH agonist in the third group. The last group received kisspeptin-10 with gosereline. The activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), xanthine oxidase (XO), adenosine deaminase (AD) and level of malondialdehyde were studied in liver tissue. Serum samples were separated for total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total oxidant status (TOS), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), colesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and triglyceride. Kisspeptin increased the activities of SOD and catalase (p < 0.05). When compared to the control group, the levels of malondialdehyde, TOS and AST were lower, but levels of BUN, cholesterole, HDL and AD were higher in the other three groups (p < 0.05). In conclusion, our findings suggest that kisspeptin may have antioxidant and thus protective effects on the liver tissue.
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Protective effects of crude garlic by reducing iron-mediated oxidative stress, proliferation and autophagy in rats. J Mol Histol 2010; 41:233-45. [PMID: 20700633 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-010-9283-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2010] [Accepted: 07/19/2010] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The impact of garlic, known for its antioxidant activities, on iron metabolism has been poorly investigated. The aim of this work was to study the effect of crude garlic pre-treatment on iron-mediated lipid peroxidation, proliferation and autophagy for 5 weeks. Rats were fed distilled water or garlic solution (1 g/kg body weight) by gavage for the first 3 weeks as pre-treatment and received a basal diet supplemented or not with ferrous sulfate (650 mg Fe/kg diet) for the last 2 weeks of treatment. Immunohistochemistry labeling and ultrastuctural observations were used to evaluate the iron deleterious effects in the liver. Iron supplementation induced cell proliferation predominantly in non parenchymal cells comparing to hepatocytes, but not apoptosis. In addition, iron was accumulated within the hepatic lysosomes where it triggers autophagy as evidenced by the formation of autophagic vesicles detected by LC3-II staining. It also induced morphologic alterations of the mitochondrial membranes due to increased lipid peroxidation as shown by elevated iron and malondialdehyde concentrations in serum and tissues. Garlic pre-treatment reduced iron-catalyzed lipid peroxidation by decreasing the malondialdehyde level in the liver and colon and by enhancing the status of antioxidants. In addition, garlic reduced the iron-mediated cell proliferation and autophagy by lowering iron storage in the liver and protected mitochondrial membrane. Based on these results, garlic treatment significantly prevented iron-induced oxidative stress, proliferation and autophagy at both biochemical and histological levels due to its potent free radical scavenging and antioxidant properties.
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Alves-Amaral G, Pires-Oliveira M, Andrade-Lopes AL, Chiavegatti T, Godinho RO. Gender-related differences in circadian rhythm of rat plasma acetyl- and butyrylcholinesterase: effects of sex hormone withdrawal. Chem Biol Interact 2010; 186:9-15. [PMID: 20399201 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2010.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2010] [Revised: 03/14/2010] [Accepted: 04/02/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The role of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in the termination of the cholinergic response through acetylcholine (ACh) hydrolysis and the involvement of plasma butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE), mainly of hepatic origin, in the metabolism of xenobiotics with ester bonds is well known. Besides, BuChE has a crucial role in ACh hydrolysis, especially when selective anticholinesterases inhibit AChE. Herein, we analyzed the gender-related differences and the circadian changes of rat plasma cholinesterases. Plasma and liver cholinesterase activities were evaluated in control or 2-30-day castrated adult male and female rats. Plasma and liver AChE activities did not differ between genders and were not influenced by sex hormone deprivation. BuChE plasma activity was 7 times greater in female, reflecting gender differences in liver enzyme expression. Castration increased liver and plasma BuChE activity in male, while reduced it in female, abolishing gender differences in enzyme activity. Interestingly, female AChE and BuChE plasma activities varied throughout the day, reaching values 27% and 42% lower, respectively, between 2 p.m. and 6 p.m. when compared to the morning peaks at 8 a.m. Castration attenuated daily female BuChE oscillation. On the other hand, male plasma enzymes remained constant throughout the day. In summary, our results show that liver and plasma BuChE, but not AChE, expression is influenced by sex hormones, leading to high levels of blood BuChE in females. The fluctuation of female plasma BuChE during the day should be taken into account to adjust the bioavailability and the therapeutic effects of cholinesterase inhibitors used in cholinergic-based conditions such Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gracielle Alves-Amaral
- Department of Pharmacology (INFAR), Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Três de Maio 100, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Hormonal regulation of pro-inflammatory and lipid peroxidation processes in liver of old ovariectomized female rats. Biogerontology 2009; 11:229-43. [PMID: 19633997 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-009-9242-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2009] [Accepted: 07/10/2009] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
There is now a large body of evidence suggesting that the decline in ovarian function with menopause is associated with spontaneous increases in pro-inflammatory cytokines. On the other hand, oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathogenesis of several alterations due to menopause, and can arise through the increased production of lipid peroxides (LPO) and/or a deficiency of antioxidant defense. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of aging and ovariectomy on various physiological parameters related to inflammation and oxidative stress in livers obtained from old female rats and the influence of chronic exogenous administration of estrogens, phytoestrogens and growth hormone on these. Thirty-six female Wistar rats of 22 months of age were used in the present study. Twelve of them remained intact, and the other 24 had been ovariectomized at 12 months of age. Intact animals were divided into two groups and treated for 10 weeks with GH or saline, and ovariectomized animals were divided into four groups and treated for the same time with GH, estrogens, phytoestrogens or saline. A group of 2 month old intact female rats was used as young control. Protein expression of iNOS, HO-1, IL-6, TNFalpha, and IL-1beta were determined by Western blot analysis. The levels of NO( x ), LPO, TNFalpha, IL-1beta, IL-6 and IL-10 were determined in different fractions of the liver. Levels of LPO in the liver homogenates as well as iNOS protein expression and NO( x ) levels were increased in old rats as compared to young animals; this effect was more evident in ovariectomized animals. Pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-alpha, IL-1beta and IL-6 were significantly increased and anti-inflammatory IL-10 decreased during ageing and after ovariectomy. Aging also significantly increased expression of HO-1 protein and ovariectomized rats showed an additional increase. Hormonal administration to the ovariectomized groups decreased NO( x ), LPO levels and pro-inflammatory cytokines as compared with untreated rats. Significant rise in IL-10 and reductions in the iNOS, IL-6, TNFalpha and IL-1beta proteins expression were also found. Oxidative stress and inflammation induced during aging in the liver are more marked in castrated than in intact old females. Administration of the different hormonal replacement therapies was able to inhibit the induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines and iNOS, decreased the levels of oxidative stress markers and had therapeutic potential in the prevention of liver injury.
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Kiray M, Ergur BU, Bagriyanik A, Pekcetin C, Aksu I, Buldan Z. Suppression of apoptosis and oxidative stress by deprenyl and estradiol in aged rat liver. Acta Histochem 2007; 109:480-5. [PMID: 17698173 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2007.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2006] [Revised: 04/25/2007] [Accepted: 04/26/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Aging is accompanied by significant structural and functional transformations of all organs and systems. Age-associated increase in apoptotic behavior may cause disease. Older cells are more susceptible to endogenous oxidative damage, and oxidative stress is a potent inducer of apoptosis. Deprenyl is an irreversible monoamine-oxidase B inhibitor which has anti-oxidant, anti-apoptotic and neuroprotective effects. Estrogen is also a neuroprotective and anti-oxidant hormone. The objectives of this study were to determine whether the anti-oxidative effects of deprenyl can suppress apoptotic activity, with or without estradiol, in aged female rat livers. In this study, ovariectomized female Wistar albino rats were divided into six groups as follows; young (3 months old) saline-treated control, aged (24 months old) saline-treated control, aged deprenyl treated, aged estradiol treated, aged deprenyl plus estradiol treated and aged sham controls. All rats except for the sham group were treated for 21 days. Determination of oxidative stress parameters was performed spectrophotometrically. To detect apoptotic cells, TUNEL staining was performed. The results were analyzed by one-way ANOVA post hoc Bonferroni test. Deprenyl and estradiol administration, alone or in combination, decreased significantly the levels of lipid peroxidation and increased superoxide dismutase activity in the liver relative to aged control and sham rats (P<0.05). The number of TUNEL positive cells decreased significantly in deprenyl and estradiol-treated rats compared with aged control and sham rats. The results indicate that deprenyl treatment alone, or in combination with estradiol, may modulate age-related apoptotic changes in rat liver by decreasing oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muge Kiray
- Department of Histology, Dokuz Eylul University Medical School, Balcova, Izmir 35340, Turkey.
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Ornstein DL, Zacharski LR. Iron stimulates urokinase plasminogen activator expression and activates NF-kappa B in human prostate cancer cells. Nutr Cancer 2007; 58:115-26. [PMID: 17571974 DOI: 10.1080/01635580701308265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) on prostate cancer cell surfaces mediates pericellular proteolysis and destruction of extracellular matrix barriers to tumor invasion and metastasis. Increased expression of tumor-associated uPA leads to enhanced tumor dissemination and poor cancer outcomes in men with prostate cancer. Expression of uPA is regulated in part by the oxidant-sensitive transcription factor, NF-kappa B (NF-kappaB), which is activated by intracellular reactive oxygen intermediates (ROI). This study examined the effect of iron on the production of ROI, activation of NF-kappaB and expression of uPA in the human prostate cancer cell line, PC-3. Treatment of PC-3 cells with iron in the form of ferric nitrilotriacetate (FeNTA) in the absence of added transferrin resulted in a dose-dependent increase in cellular ferritin content in both the presence and absence of neutralizing antibody to the transferrin receptor. Cellular uptake of iron resulted in stimulation of intracellular ROI production, and increases in uPA mRNA, antigen, and activity. Concurrent treatment with the iron chelator, desferrioxamine (DFO) abrogated these effects, and treatment with DFO alone inhibited constitutive uPA production. Finally, we observed nuclear translocation, and therefore activation of NF-kappaB in response to iron exposure. We conclude that iron enters PC-3 cells via a non-transferrin dependent pathway and increases uPA expression. Our data indicate that one mechanism by which iron may stimulate uPA production is through the generation of intracellular ROI and activation of NF-kappaB-mediated signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah L Ornstein
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
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Oztekin E, Tiftik AM, Baltaci AK, Mogulkoc R. Lipid peroxidation in liver tissue of ovariectomized and pinealectomized rats: effect of estradiol and progesterone supplementation. Cell Biochem Funct 2007; 25:401-5. [PMID: 16444765 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.1313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to determine the effect of estradiol-progesterone supplementation and pinealectomy on lipid peroxidation of liver tissue in ovariectomized rats. The study was carried out on 36 adult Sprague-Dawley female rats, which weighed 200-250 g. The rats were divided into 6 groups: Group 1: Sham Ovariectomy (Sham-Ovx), Group 2: Ovariectomy (Ovx), Group 3: Ovx + Estradiol-Progesterone supplementation (Ovx + H), Group 4: Sham Pinealectomy and Ovx (Sham Pnx -Ovx), Group 5: Ovx -Pnx, Group 6: Ovx -Pnx + H. Malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced form of glutathione (GSH) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) levels were determined in liver tissue of rats. The highest MDA levels and the lowest GSH-Px levels were determined in the ovariectomized-pinealectomized group, whereas the lowest MDA was in the Sham-Ovx group, and the highest GSH-Px levels were found in the Sham-Ovx and Ovx + Hormone supplemented group. Furthermore, the highest GSH levels were in group 1 and lowest levels were in group 5. The findings of this study demonstrate that ovariectomy led to lipid peroxidation in liver tissues of rats. Pinealectomy in addition to ovariectomy, increases lipid peroxidation, but, estradiol and progesterone supplementations to the ovariectomized-pinealectomized rats protect against lipid peroxidation to a significant extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esma Oztekin
- Department of Biochemistry, Meram Medical School, Selcuk University, Turkey.
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17
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Castillo C, Salazar V, Ariznavarreta C, Vara E, Tresguerres JAF. Effect of isoflavone administration on age-related hepatocyte changes in old ovariectomized femal Wistar rats. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2006; 13:468-76. [PMID: 16785039 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2005.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2004] [Accepted: 03/22/2005] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Aging seems to be due to the accumulation of oxidative damage in cells and molecules. On the other hand, menopause and ovariectomy induce deleterious effects on different organs and systems that have been shown to be counteracted by estrogens and in a not so evident form also with phytoestrogens. The present study has investigated whether the administration of a commercial soy extract that contains approximately 10% isoflavones was able to modify some parameters related to oxidative stress and inflammation in hepatocytes isolated from old ovariectomized female Wistar rats. Eighteen 22-month-old animals that had been previously ovariectomized at 12 months of age were divided into four groups: ovariectomized control rats, estradiol-treated ovariectomized females and ovariectomized rats treated with isoflavones. Six intact female rats of 2 months of age were used as reference group. Hepatocytes were isolated and cultured, and carbon monoxide (CO) and nitric oxide (NO) release, as well as adenosyl triphosphate (ATP), cyclic guanosyl monophosphate (cGMP), phosphatidylcholine (PC) and lipid peroxide (LPO) content of cells were evaluated. Uterus was also removed and weighed. Hepatocytes isolated from old ovariectomized rats showed a decrease in ATP content as compared to young animals. Age also induced an increase in LPO cell content. NO, CO and cGMP were augmented with age, and PC synthesis showed a dramatic reduction. Treatment with either estradiol or isoflavones were able to improve all the mentioned parameters altered in hepatocytes isolated from old ovariectomized rats, and the magnitude of the improvement was similar for both treatments. Ovariectomy induced a significant reduction in uterine weight, which was significantly counteracted by estradiol treatment but not by isoflavone administration. In conclusion, the administration of a soy extract containing isoflavones seems to prevent oxidative changes in hepatocytes isolated from old ovariectomized female rats, without modifying uterus weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Castillo
- Laboratory of Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
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18
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Ricchi M, Bertolotti M, Anzivino C, Carulli L, Canedi I, Bormioli ML, Tiozzo R, Croce MA, Lonardo A, Carulli N, Loria P. 17 Beta-estradiol prevents cytotoxicity from hydrophobic bile acids in HepG2 and WRL-68 cell cultures. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2006; 21:894-901. [PMID: 16704542 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1746.2006.04144.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological and clinical studies suggest the possibility that estrogens might have a cytoprotective effect on the liver. The aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis that 17beta-estradiol (E2) prevents hepatocellular damage induced by deoxycholic acid (DCA), a hydrophobic bile acid. METHODS HepG2 cells were exposed for 24 h to DCA (350 micromol/L). Cell viability, aspartate aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase activity and apoptosis were measured as indices of cell toxicity. The effect of DCA was compared to that observed using either a hydrophilic bile acid, ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA; 100 micromol/L), or E2 at different concentrations (1 nmol/L, 10 nmol/L, 50 nmol/L and 50 micromol/L) or mixtures of E2/DCA or UDCA/DCA. The same experiments were performed using WRL-68 cells that, at variance with HepG2, express a higher level of nuclear estrogen receptor. RESULTS High concentrations of E2 and UDCA prevented DCA-induced decrease in cell viability, increase in enzyme activity and apoptosis evaluated both by 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole dihydrochloride (DAPI) and TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assays. In addition, DCA-related apoptosis, assessed by caspase activity, was also prevented by E2 (P < 0.01) in physiological (1-10 nmol/L) doses. The cytoprotective effects of E2 and UDCA was also observed in the WRL-68 cell line. CONCLUSIONS 17Beta-Estradiol prevents DCA-induced cell damage in HepG2 and WRL-68 cell lines to an extent comparable to UDCA. The hypothesis that the protective effect of E2 may be mediated by a mechanism that is nuclear estrogen receptor independent, deserves further verification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Ricchi
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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19
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Yajun Z, Hongshan C, Baoxi S, Dengbing Y, Jianhua S, Xinshun G, Li Y, Yi C. Translocation of Bax in rat hepatocytes cultured with ferric nitrilotriacetate. Life Sci 2005; 76:2763-72. [PMID: 15808878 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2004.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2004] [Accepted: 07/02/2004] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Hepatic fibrosis occurs after many years of iron overload in liver. An effective iron deposition model induced by ferric nitrilotriacetate (FeNTA) in cultured rat hepatocytes was assumed. It has been shown that treatment of rat hepatocytes with FeNTA lead to oxidative stress and hepatocyte apoptosis. Hepatocyte apoptosis can promote liver fibrosis. The mechanisms of hepatocyte apoptosis induced by FeNTA have not yet been fully elucidated. The present study demonstrated that FeNTA-induced hepatocyte apoptosis was related to Bax translocation, cytochrome c release, and caspase-3 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Yajun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College, Nan Tong University 226001, Jiangsu Province, PR China.
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20
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Zhou YJ, Yin DM, Chen HS, Shi JH, Sha BX, Wang X. Inhibitory effects of idoxifene on hepatic fibrosis in rats. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2005; 26:581-6. [PMID: 15842777 DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-7254.2005.00082.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the effects of a tissue-specific selective estrogen receptor modulator, idoxifene, on hepatic fibrosis in rats. METHODS Hepatic fibrosis was induced by dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) in male rats. The DMN model of hepatic fibrosis and the hepatocytes undergoing oxidative stress were treated with idoxifene respectively. The effect of idoxifene on hepatic fibrosis in the DMN model was examined by immunohistochemistry. Effects of idoxifene on antioxidant enzyme levels of copper, zinc-dependent superoxide dismutase (CuZn-SOD), and cellular glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) were measured by ELISA. Effects of idoxifene on activation, proliferation, and apoptosis of culture-activated hepatic stellate cells (HSC) were analysed by immunohistochemistry, bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) uptake, and flow cytometry, respectively. RESULTS Idoxifene could markedly suppress DMN-induced hepatic fibrosis in male rats. A treatment of 0.4 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1) of idoxifene reduced the protein levels of collagen in the DMN model by 41.19% (P<0.05). Protein level of CuZn-SOD and activitiy of GSHPx in liver treated with DMN plus 0.4 mg/kg/d of idoxifene were 2.65 times (P<0.05) and 2.08 times greater (P<0.05) than that of liver treated with DMN alone respectively. The protein level of CuZn-SOD and activity of GSHPx in cultured rat hepatocytes treated with ferric nitrilotriacetate (FeNTA) plus 1 multiply 10(-7) mol/L of idoxifene were 3.43 times (P<0.05) and 2.52 times (P<0.05) greater than that treated with FeNTA alone. Idoxifene could inhibit HSC activation. Compared with the control, the uptake of BrdU in HSC cultured with 1 multiply 10(-7) mol/L of idoxifene was reduced by 51.87 % (P<0.05), and the number of apoptotic HSCs cultured with 1 multiply 10(-7) mol/L of idoxifene increased by 94.52% (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Idoxifene showed inhibitory action on hepatic fibrosis in male rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-jun Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College, Nan Tong University, Nantong 226001, China.
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21
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Castillo C, Salazar V, Ariznavarreta C, Vara E, Tresguerres JAF. Effect of growth hormone and estrogen administration on hepatocyte alterations in old ovariectomized female wistar rats. Endocrine 2005; 26:11-8. [PMID: 15805580 DOI: 10.1385/endo:26:1:011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2004] [Revised: 12/17/2004] [Accepted: 12/17/2004] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Aging could be due to the accumulation of oxidative damage. On the other hand, growth hormone (GH) and estrogen deficiency induce deleterious effects on different tissues, and hormonal replacement could counteract these effects. We have investigated whether GH and estrogen administration modify some parameters related to oxidative stress and inflammation in hepatocytes isolated from old ovariectomized female rats. Twenty-two month-old ovariectomized animals were divided into control rats, rats treated with GH, rats treated with estradiol, and rats treated with GH+estradiol. Two-month-old intact female rats were used as young reference group. Hepatocytes were isolated, cultured, and CO and NO release, ATP, cyclic-guanosyl monophosphate (cGMP), and lipid peroxide (LPO) content of cells, as well as phosphatidylcholine (PC)synthesis, were measured. Hepatocytes isolated from old ovariectomized rats showed a decrease in ATP content and PC synthesis compared to young rats. Age also induced an increase in LPO, NO, CO, and cGMP. Treating old rats with GH significantly increased ATP and reduced CO and cGMP levels. Estradiol administration improved all the parameters that were altered. Co-administration of GH and estrogens induced a more marked effect than estrogens alone only in cGMP content. In conclusion, administration of estrogens to old ovariectomized females seemed to prevent oxidative changes in hepatocytes, whereas the effect of GH is not so evident.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Castillo
- Laboratory of Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
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22
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Tirelli M, Basini G, Grasselli F, Bianco F, Tamanini C. Cryopreservation of pig granulosa cells: effect of FSH addition to freezing medium. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2005; 28:17-33. [PMID: 15620804 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2004.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2004] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We cryopreserved swine granulosa cells by a slow cooling rate system; FSH was added to the freezing medium to test its effectiveness in protecting the cells. After thawing, proliferative activity, viability, steroidogenesis and apoptosis were tested; moreover, we determined heat shock protein (HSP70) production, to investigate the recovery from stress and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase activity to evaluate a possible impairment of the antioxidant pathway. E2 production was enhanced by cryopreservation in particular with FSH; on the contrary, P4 production was inhibited by the freezing process in particular without FSH. Only the higher FSH concentration (10 ng/ml) stimulated steroid secretion in freshly collected cells; P4 production by cells cryopreserved in the presence and in absence of FSH was increased by both 5 and 10 ng/ml while the lowest concentration was effective in stimulating E2 production only when FSH was added to freezing medium. Freezing did not modify proliferative activity, while apoptosis was higher in frozen than in fresh cells. HSP70 production was lower in cells cryopreserved in presence of FSH, whose antioxidant metabolism was also conserved: SOD and catalase activities were similar to control. In conclusion, cryopreservation does not seem to markedly affect granulosa cells, in particular if they are frozen in presence of FSH; the gonadotrophin somehow improves their performances after thawing, probably stimulating E2 production and the antioxidant metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tirelli
- Dipartimento di Produzioni Animali, Biotecnologie Veterinarie, Qualità e Sicurezza degli Alimenti, Sezione di Fisiologia Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Parma, Via del Taglio 8, 43100 Parma, Italy
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Zhou HY, Wang F, Cheng L, Fu LY, Zhou J, Yao WX. Effects of tetrandrine on calcium and potassium currents in isolated rat hepatocytes. World J Gastroenterol 2003; 9:134-6. [PMID: 12508368 PMCID: PMC4728227 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v9.i1.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To study the effects of tetrandrine (Tet) on calcium release-activated calcium current (ICRAC), delayed rectifier potassium current (IK), and inward rectifier potassium currents (IK1) in isolated rat hepatocytes.
METHODS: Hepatocytes of rat were isolated by using perfusion method. Whole cell patch-clamp techniques were used in our experiment.
RESULTS: The peak amplitude of ICRAC was -508 ± 115 pA (n = 15), its reversal potential of ICRAC was about 0 mV. At the potential of -100 mV, Tet inhibited the peak amplitude of ICRAC from -521 ± 95 pA to -338 ± 85 pA (P < 0.01 vs control, n = 5), with the inhibitory rate of 35% at 10 µmol/L and from -504 ± 87 pA to -247 ± 82 pA (P < 0.01 vs control, n = 5), with the inhibitory rate of 49% at 100 µmol/L, without affecting its reversal potential. The amplitude of ICRAC was dependent on extracellular Ca2+ concentration. The peak amplitude of ICRAC was -205 ± 105 pA (n = 3) in tyrode’s solution with Ca2+ 1.8 mmol/L (P < 0.01 vs the peak amplitude of ICRAC in external solution with Ca2+ 10 mmol/L). Tet at the concentration of 10 and 100 µmol/L did not markedly change the peak amplitude of delayed rectifier potassium current and inward rectifier potassium current (P > 0.05 vs control).
CONCLUSION: Tet protects hepatocytes by inhibiting ICRAC, which is not related to IK and IK1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Yi Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology,Tongji medical college of Huazhong university of science and technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, China.
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