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Ren H, Li J, Liu JJ, Guo HL, Jiang T. Anti-HER-2 anti-CD3 bi-specific antibodies inhibit growth of HCT-116 colorectal carcinoma cells in vitro and in vivo. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2013; 13:2795-8. [PMID: 22938461 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2012.13.6.2795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study is conducted to evaluate the effects of anti-HER-2 anti-CD3 bi-specific antibodies(BsAb) on HER-2/neuover-expressing human colorectal carcinoma cells. METHODS Growth was assessed by MTT assays after exposure of HCT-116 cells to Herceptin, anti-CD3 and BsAb antibodies. Immunocytochemistry was applied to test the HER-2 level of HCT-116. In a nude mouse model, HER-2 CD3 BsAb was combined with effector cells (peripheral blood lymph cells from normal human being) for observations on in Vivo growth of tumors. RESULTS Compared with the control group, using effector cells combined with anti-CD3 McAb, Herceptin or HER2 CD3 BsAb, tumor cell growth in vitro and in vivo was significantly inhibited (P<0.05), most remarkably in the HER2 CD3 BsAb case. The growth of xenografts with HER2 CD3 BsAb combined with effector cells was also significantly inhibited when compared with the anti-CD3 McAb or Herceptin groups (P<0.05). CONCLUSION HER-2/neu might be a useful target for immunotherapy in colorectal carcinoma, anti-HER2 anti-CD3 BsAb exerting clear anti-tumor effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Ren
- Department of General Surgery, the Second Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
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Jang E, Lim EK, Choi Y, Kim E, Kim HO, Kim DJ, Suh JS, Huh YM, Haam S. π-Hyaluronan nanocarriers for CD44-targeted and pH-boosted aromatic drug delivery. J Mater Chem B 2013; 1:5686-5693. [DOI: 10.1039/c3tb20906g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Cyclin-dependent kinase-like1 (CDKL1) is known as a new member of cyclin-dependent kinases. Whether genetic alterations of CDKL1 gene are involved in the development and/or progression of gastric cancer is still unknown. MATERIAL AND METHODS Here, the expression of CDKL1 protein in paired specimens of gastric cancer tissues and corresponding normal gastric tissue (n = 66) was assessed by immunohistochemistry assay. We then used lentivirus-mediated knock down to specifically inhibit CDKL1 expression in human gastric cancer cell lines. Cell proliferation potential in vitro was measured by MTT and clonogenic assays. Cell apoptosis was assessed by flow cytometry. RESULTS We show for the first time that high expression of CDKL1 protein was observed in gastric cancer tissues compared with matched adjacent tissues. Loss of CDKL1 function in both SGC7901 and MGC-803 gastric cancer cells significantly decreases cellular proliferation and increases apoptosis (p < 0.01). Furthermore, we show that the reduction of CDKL1 with its siRNA stimulates the activation of Bcl-2-interacting killer (Bik) pro-apoptotic protein and attenuated the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen PCNA. CONCLUSION In summary, our data suggest that CDKL1 plays an important regulatory role in gastric cancer cell proliferation and survival, and therefore, may represent a new target for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China.
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Correlation of c-erbB-2, EGF and EGFR expression with postoperative survival of patients with advanced carcinoma of the stomach. Folia Histochem Cytobiol 2010; 47:653-61. [PMID: 20430735 DOI: 10.2478/v10042-009-0120-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The c-erbB-2 (HER-2/neu), EGF and EGFR (erbB-1) proteins, members of the epidermal growth factor receptor family, play a role in cell growth by binding to cell membrane receptors. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the expression of c-erbB-2, EGF and EGFR in advanced gastric carcinoma and to analyze its relationship with chosen anatomo-clinical parameters and prognosis. Standard avidin-biotin-peroxidase was used for c-erbB-2, EGF and EGFR immuno-histochemical staining (Novostain Super ABC Kit Universal); anti-human c-erbB-2 protein monoclonal antibody NCL-cerbB-2-316, anti-Epidermal Growth Factor monoclonal antibody (clone EGF-10) and EGFR goat polyclonal IgG (p-EGFR). A statistically significant correlation was found between c-erbB-2, EGF, EGRF expressions in the main mass of tumor and lymph node metastasis (p=0.000; p=0.000; p=0.00001, respectively). Also an association was observed between c-erbB-2 expression and Bormann's and Lauren's classifications (p=0.05; p=0.006, respectively). Similarly, the expression of EGFR in main mass of tumor was correlated with the depth of invasion (p=0.007) and histological differentiation (p=0.04). Moreover, the expression of c-erbB-2 in the main mass of tumor and lymph node metastasis was associated with the age of the patients (p=0.03; p=0.0002 respectively). Strong association was found between the expression of EGRF in lymph node metastasis and histological differentiation (p=0.04). Positive expression of c-erbB-2 in lymph node metastasis was correlated with lymph node involvement (p=0.04). Positive expression of c-erbB-2 in the main mass of tumor and in lymph node metastasis was strongly correlated with postoperative survival (p=0.00001; p=0.003 respectively). We also found a relationship between EGF expression in gastric tumor and survival time (p=0.003). No association was noted between the expression of EGFR in the main mass of tumor and in lymph node metastasis and between the expression of EGF in lymph node metastasis and survival time. Our results suggest that the expression of c-erbB-2 and EGF protein can help predict the postoperative survival time.
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Berlanga-Acosta J, Gavilondo-Cowley J, López-Saura P, González-López T, Castro-Santana MD, López-Mola E, Guillén-Nieto G, Herrera-Martinez L. Epidermal growth factor in clinical practice - a review of its biological actions, clinical indications and safety implications. Int Wound J 2010; 6:331-46. [PMID: 19912390 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-481x.2009.00622.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotaxis, mitogenesis, motogenesis and cytoprotection are common cellular events involved in both tumourigenesis and tissue repair, which appear amplified upon growth factors exposure. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) promotes these events in epithelial and mesenchymal cells through the binding to a specific tyrosine kinase receptor. In experimental oncology settings, EGF does not initiate malignant transformation but exhibits 'tumour promotion'. These observations have raised doubts on the clinical use of EGF despite solid demonstrations of efficacy in experimental conditions and clinical trials. The results of a Pubmed and Bioline investigation on EGF clinical uses and preclinical safety data are presented here. EGF topical administration has been used since 1989 to enhance the healing process of a variety of peripheral tissues wounds (16 clinical reports), as well as its intravenous, oral and rectal administration for gastrointestinal damages (11 clinical reports). EGF therapeutic efficacy and excellent tolerability seem demonstrated. Lack of long-term adverse effects is highlighted in those studies with 6, 12 and 24 months of patients follow-up. Although post-treatment follow-up may fall short for malignant growth, there are no reports on evidences linking EGF clinical use with cancer. A multicentre, nationwide survey in Cuba, 15 years after randomly using silver sulphadiazine with EGF or not in burn victims yielded that cancer incidence was comparable between EGF-treated and control subjects and that such incidence rate does not differ from the age-matched national incidence for those 15-year period. All the animal species subjected to long-term EGF systemic administration exhibit dose-dependent and reversible epithelial organs hyperplasia with no changes in cells phenotypic differentiation. Histotypic pre-malignant markers were not identified. The results emerged from co-carcinogenesis studies and from transgenic mice over-expressing EGF are conflicting and indicate that EGF overexposure, either innate or postnatal, may not be sufficient to transform cells. The ability of EGF to heal injured tissues in life-threatening scenarios or to assist in preventing physical and social disability advocates for its clinical use under a rational medical risk/benefit balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Berlanga-Acosta
- Tissue Repair and Cyto-protection Research Project, Pharmaceutical Division, Biomedical Research, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Havana, Cuba.
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6
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Hong JP, Lee SW, Song SY, Ahn SD, Shin SS, Choi EK, Kim JH. Recombinant human epidermal growth factor treatment of radiation-induced severe oral mucositis in patients with head and neck malignancies. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl) 2009; 18:636-41. [PMID: 19456848 PMCID: PMC2776929 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2354.2008.00971.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Mucositis of the oral cavity and pharynx is a major dose-limiting factor in the application of radiotherapy (RT) to patients with head and neck cancer. Therefore, we evaluated the wound healing effect of human recombinant epidermal growth factor (rhEGF) in head and neck cancer and lymphoma patients with irradiation (with or without combined chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis). Patients at Asan Medical Center who had undergone definitive RT of the head and neck region with or without combined chemotherapy and who had developed severe oral mucositis (higher than the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group grade 3) were treated with topical rhEGF twice daily for 7 days. The evaluation of response with regard to oral mucositis was performed 1 week later. Of the 11 treated patients, three had nasopharyngeal carcinoma, three had carcinoma of the oropharynx, two had carcinoma of the oral cavity, one had carcinoma of the hypopharynx and two had lymphoma of the head and neck. Six patients received RT only, and five patients received concurrent chemoradiotherapy. All patients showed improvements in their oral mucositis after topical treatment with rhEGF in that the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group grade was significantly decreased (P = 0.0000). This finding suggests that rhEGF is effective and safe for the treatment of radiation-induced mucositis. Further studies are needed to determine the optimal dosage and fractionation schedule.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Hong
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
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7
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Recombinant human epidermal growth factor accelerates recovery of mouse small intestinal mucosa after radiation damage. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2008; 71:1230-5. [PMID: 18572086 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2008.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2007] [Revised: 02/27/2008] [Accepted: 03/05/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine whether systemically administered recombinant human epidermal growth factor (rhEGF) accelerates the recovery of mouse small intestinal mucosa after irradiation. METHODS AND MATERIALS A mouse mucosal damage model was established by administering radiation to male BALB/c mice with a single dose of 15 Gy applied to the abdomen. After irradiation, rhEGF was administered subcutaneously at various doses (0.04, 0.2, 1.0, and 5.0 mg/kg/day) eight times at 2- to 3-day intervals. The evaluation methods included histologic changes of small intestinal mucosa, change in body weight, frequency of diarrhea, and survival rate. RESULTS The recovery of small intestinal mucosa after irradiation was significantly improved in the mice treated with a high dose of rhEGF. In the mice that underwent irradiation without rhEGF treatment, intestinal mucosal ulceration, mucosal layer damage, and severe inflammation occurred. The regeneration of villi was noticeable in mice treated with more than 0.2 mg/kg rhEGF, and the villi recovered fully in mice given more than 1 mg/kg rhEGF. The frequency of diarrhea persisting for more than 3 days was significantly greater in the radiation control group than in the rhEGF-treated groups. CONCLUSIONS Systemic administration of rhEGF accelerates recovery from mucosal damage induced by irradiation. We suggest that rhEGF treatment shows promise for the reduction of small intestinal damage after irradiation.
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Mu X, Kong N, Chen W, Zhang T, Shen M, Yan W. High-level expression, purification, and characterization of recombinant human basic fibroblast growth factor in Pichia pastoris. Protein Expr Purif 2008; 59:282-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2008.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2007] [Revised: 02/14/2008] [Accepted: 02/20/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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9
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Wang Y, Yuan S, Wang P, Liu X, Zhan D, Zhang Z. Expression, purification, and characterization of recombinant human keratinocyte growth factor-2 in Pichia pastoris. J Biotechnol 2007; 132:44-8. [PMID: 17884221 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2007.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2007] [Revised: 08/03/2007] [Accepted: 08/13/2007] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Keratinocyte growth factor-2 (KGF-2) is a member of the fibroblast growth factor family. The full-length human KGF-2 coding sequence, gained by synthesizing, was cloned into the pPICZalphaA vector in frame with the yeast alpha-factor secretion signal under the transcriptional control of the AOX promoter and integrated into Pichia pastoris strain GS115. In shake-flask culture induced with methanol, the rhKGF-2 content was about 17.5% of the total secreted proteins. Under the optimal conditions, stable production of rhKGF-2 around 1.0g/l was achieved. The recombinant protein was purified by heparin affinity chromatography. A preliminary biochemical characterization of purified rhKGF-2 was performed both by Western blot analysis and biological activity analysis, and the result demonstrated that the recombinant KGF-2 was expressed successfully.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanchun Wang
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, 20 Dongdajie Street, Fengtai District, Beijing 100071, China
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Fattah OM, Cloutier SM, Kündig C, Felber LM, Gygi CM, Jichlinski P, Leisinger HJ, Gauthier ER, Mach JP, Deperthes D. Peptabody-EGF: A novel apoptosis inducer targeting ErbB1 receptor overexpressing cancer cells. Int J Cancer 2006; 119:2455-63. [PMID: 16858684 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.21541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) plays a central role in cell life by controlling processes such as growth or proliferation. This receptor is commonly overexpressed in a number of epithelial malignancies and its upregulation is often associated with an aggressive phenotype of the tumor. Thus, targeting of EGFR represents a very promising challenge in oncology, and antibodies raised against this receptor have been investigated as potential antitumor agents. Various putative mechanisms of action were proposed for such antibodies, including decreased proliferation, induction of apoptosis, stimulation of the immunological response against targeted cancer cells or combinations thereof. We report here the development of an alternative high affinity molecule that is directed against EGFR. Production of this pentameric protein, named peptabody-EGF, includes expression in a bacterial expression system and subsequent refolding and multimerization of peptabody monomers. The protein complex contains 5 human EGF ligand domains, which confer specific binding towards the extracellular portion of EGFR. Receptor binding of the peptabody-EGF had a strong antiproliferative effect on different cancer cell lines overexpressing EGFR. However, cells expressing constitutive levels of the target receptor were barely affected. Peptabody-EGF treated cancer cells exhibited typical characteristics of apoptosis, which was found to be induced within 30 min after the addition of the peptabody-EGF. In vitro experiments demonstrated a significantly higher binding activity for peptabody-EGF than for the therapeutic monoclonal EGFR antibody Mab-425. Furthermore, the antitumor action provoked by the peptabody-EGF was greatly superior than antibody mediated effects when tested on EGFR overexpressing cancer cell lines. These findings suggest a potential application of this high affinity molecule as a novel tool for anti-EGFR therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar M Fattah
- Department of Urology, Urology Research Unit, CHUV, Epalinges, Switzerland
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Sun FP, Song YG, Qin HR. Alterations of gastrin, somatostatin, G and D cells in rat gastric ulcer. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2004; 12:363-366. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v12.i2.363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the alterations of gastrin secretion of G cells, somatostatin secretion of D cells and the change of G (D) cells in rat gastric ulcer.
METHODS: An acetic-acid-induced rat gastric ulcer model was established. The histological structure of rat antral mucosa and the ultrastructure of mucosal cells were observed generally, through microscope and through electron microscope. The content of gastrin or somatostatin in serum or in antral tissue was measured via radioimmunoassay. The shape, number, size of G (D) cells, and the ratio of number and size of G/D cells were viewed and analyzed with immunohistochemical technique and image analysis system. G (D) cells and the secretive gastrin (somatostatin) granules in G (D) cells were observed through immunoel-ectron microscope and analyzed in image analysis system.
RESULTS: G (D) cells and the secretive gastrin (somatostatin) granules in G (D) cells were observed through immunoelectron microscope successfully. In gastric ulcer rat the secretive gastrin in G cells increased, the secretive somatostatin in D cells declined, the number of G cells increases and the size of G cells declined; both the number and the size of D cells declined, both the ratio of the number and size of G/D cells increased, both the content of gastrin in serum and in antral tissue increased, and both the content of somatostatin in serum and in antral tissue declined.
CONCLUSION: The rat gastric ulcer induces the changes of G cells and D cells, secretive gastrin in G cells and secretive somatostatin in D cells, as well as the contents of gastrin and somatostatin.
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Liu SP, Dong WG, Wu DF, Luo HS, Yu JP. Protective effect of angelica sinensis polysaccharide on experimental immunological colon injury in rats. World J Gastroenterol 2003; 9:2786-90. [PMID: 14669334 PMCID: PMC4612053 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v9.i12.2786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To study the effect of angelica sinensis polysaccharide (ASP) on immunological colon injury and its mechanisms in rats.
METHODS: Immunological colitis model of rats was induced by intracolon enema with 2, 4, 6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) and ethanol. The experimental animals were randomly divided into normal control, model control, 5-aminosalicylic acid therapy groups and three doses of ASP therapy groups. The 6 groups were treated intracolonically with normal saline, normal saline, 5-aminosalicylic acid (100 mg·kg-1), and ASP daily (8: 00 am) at the doses of 200, 400 and 800 mg·kg-1 respectively for 21 days 7 d following induction of colitis. The rat colon mucosa damage index (CMDI), the histopathological score (HS), the score of occult blood test (OBT), and the colonic MPO activity were evaluated. The levels of SOD, MDA, NO, TNF-α, IL-2 and IL-10 in colonic tissues were detected biochemically and immunoradiometrically. The expressions of TGF-β and EGF in colonic tissues were also determined immunochemically.
RESULTS: Enhanced colonic mucosal injury, inflammatory response and oxidative stress were observed in colitis rats, which manifested as significant increases of CMDI, HS, OBT, MPO activity, MDA and NO contents, as well as the levels of TNF-α and IL-2 in colonic tissues, although colonic TGF-β protein expression, SOD activity and IL-10 content were significantly decreased compared with the normal control (P < 0.01). However, these parameters were found to be significantly ameliorated in colitis rats treated intracolicly with ASP at the doses of 400 and 800 mg·kg-1 (P < 0.05-0.01). Meantime, colonic EGF protein expression in colitis rats was remarkably up-regulated.
CONCLUSION: ASP has a protective effect on immunological colon injury induced by TNBS and ethanol enema in rats, which was propably due to the mechanism of antioxidation, immunomodulation and promotion of wound repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Ping Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, China
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13
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N/A. N/A. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2003; 11:1755-1759. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v11.i11.1755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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Zhang XM, Wang XY, Sheng SR, Wang JR, Li J. Expression of tumor related genes NGX6, NAG-7, BRD7 in gastric and colorectal cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2003; 9:1729-33. [PMID: 12918109 PMCID: PMC4611532 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v9.i8.1729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: NGX6, NAG-7 and BRD7 genes are tumor related genes, which have been newly cloned by positional candidate cloning strategy. This study was designed to investigate the expression levels of NGX6, NAG-7 and BRD7 genes in human gastric and colorectal cancer tissues, and their corresponding normal tissues, and to investigate whether these genes play a role in the pathogenesis of gastric and colorectal cancers.
METHODS: Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), dot hybridization and Northern blot analysis were used to compare the expression levels of NGX6, NAG-7 and BRD7 genes in 34 gastric cancer tissues and 34 colorectal cancer tissues with their corresponding normal tissues of the same patients, respectively.
RESULTS: Among the 34 colorectal cancer specimens and the 34 gastric cancer specimens, the expression of NGX6 in 25 colorectal cancer tissues was absent or very weak (73.5%) by RT-PCR analysis. The down-regulation rate of NGX6 in colorectal cancer tissues was significantly higher than that in corresponding normal tissues (26.5%,9/34) (P < 0.005). Moreover, the down-regulation of NGX6 was significantly correlated with lymph node and/or distance metastases. Patients with lymph node and/or distance metastasis had much higher down-regulation rate of NGX6 than patients without metastases (93.8% vs 55.6%, P < 0.05). However no correlation was found between the expression of NGX6 and pathologic type of colorectal cancer in this study, and also the expression of NGX6 did not display any difference between gastric cancer and corresponding normal tissues (58.8% vs 70.6%, P > 0.25). Dot hybridization and Northern blot analysis confirmed the results of RT-PCR. Furthermore, NAG-7 and BRD7 mRNA was not up- or down-regulated in gastric and colorectal cancers compared with their corresponding normal tissues in our study.
CONCLUSION: The down-regulation of NGX6 may be closely associated with tumorigenesis and metastasis of colorectal carcinoma. However, it may not contribute to the development and progression of gastric carcinoma. In addition, the expression levels of NAG-7, and BRD7 did not alter in gastric and colorectal cancers. This seems to suggest that NAG-7 and BRD7 genes may not play a role in gastric and colorectal carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Mei Zhang
- Department of Digestion Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
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Du JJ, Dou KF, Peng SY, Qian BZ, Xiao HS, Liu F, Wang WZ, Guan WX, Gao ZQ, Liu YB, Han ZG. Expression of NGF family and their receptors in gastric carcinoma: A cDNA microarray study. World J Gastroenterol 2003; 9:1431-4. [PMID: 12854135 PMCID: PMC4615477 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v9.i7.1431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the expression of NGF family and their receptors in gastric carcinoma and normal gastric mucosa, and to elucidate their effects on gastric carcinoma.
METHODS: RNA of gastric cancer tissues and normal gastric tissues was respectively isolated and mRNA was purified. Probes of both mRNA reverse transcription product cDNAs labled with α-33P dATP were respectively hybridized with Atlas Array membrane where NGF and their family genes were spotted on. Hybridized signal images were scanned on phosphor screen with ImageQuant 5.1 software after hybridization. Normalized values on spots were analyzed with ArrayVersion 5.0 software. Differential expression of NGF family and their receptors mRNA was confirmed between hybridized Atlas Array membranes of gastric cancer tissues and normal gastric mucosa, then their effects on gastric carcinoma were investigated.
RESULTS: Hybridization signal images on Atlas Array membrane appeared in a lower level of nonspecific hybridization. Both of NGF family and their receptors Trk family mRNA were expressed in gastric cancer and normal gastric mucosa. But adversely up-regulated expression in other tissues and organs. NGF, BDGF, NT-3, NT-4/5, NT-6 and TrkA, B and C were down-regulated simultaneously in gastric carcinoma in comparison with normal gastric mucosa. Degrees of down-regulation in NGF family were greater than those in their receptors Trk family. Down-regulation of NT-3 and BDGF was the most significant, and TrkC down-regulation level was the lowest in receptors Trk family.
CONCLUSION: Down-regulated expression of NGF family and their receptors Trk family mRNA in gastric cancer is confirmed. NGF family and their receptors Trk family probably play a unique role in gastric cancer cell apoptosis by a novel Ras or Raf signal transduction pathway. Their synchronous effects are closely associated with occurrence and development of gastric carcinoma induced by reduction of signal transduction of programmed cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Jun Du
- Department of General Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shanxi Province, China
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Xu MH, Deng CS, Zhu YQ, Lin J. Role of inducible nitric oxide synthase expression in aberrant crypt foci-adenoma-carcinoma sequence. World J Gastroenterol 2003; 9:1246-50. [PMID: 12800233 PMCID: PMC4611793 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v9.i6.1246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in aberrant crypt foci (ACF) -adenoma-carcinoma sequence and its relation with tumor cell apoptosis, proliferation and angiogenesis.
METHODS: The expression of iNOS, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and microvessel density (MVD) in different stages of colorectal cancer were studied by immunohistochemical method from 30 normal tissues, 30 nonhyperplastic ACF, 30 hyperplastic ACF, 30 dysplastic ACF, 30 adenomas and 60 carcinomas. The apoptotic cells were detected by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) method using an Apop Tag in situ detection kit.
RESULTS: The immunoreactivity of iNOS significantly increased in the transition from hyperplastic ACF to dysplastic ACF. This transition was associated with a significant decrease in the apoptotic index (AI) (0.73 ± 0.37 vs 0.61 ± 0.35, P < 0.05) and significant increases in the PCNA labeling index (LI) (27.3 ± 2.80 vs 40.3 ± 3.11, P < 0.01) and microvessel density (MVD) (55 ± 11.5 vs 70 ± 13.2, P < 0.01). The expression of iNOS was in low levels and positively correlated with PCNA-LI (r = 0.812, P < 0.01) and MVD (r = 0.863, P < 0.01) during transition from normal mucosa to nonhyperplastic ACF and hyperplastic ACF. The expression of iNOS was in high levels and positively correlated with AI (r = 0.901, P < 0.01) after transition from hyperplastic ACF to dysplastic ACF, adenoma and carcinoma.
CONCLUSION: The results suggest that the transition from hyperplastic ACF to dysplastic ACF may be a crucial step in the ACF-adenoma-carcinoma sequence, in which iNOS plays an important role by regulating tumor cell apoptosis, proliferation and angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Hua Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province China.
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Li P, Xin F, Fu XB, Yang YH, Guo BC. Effects of EGF on expression of phosphorylated p44/42 MAPK in rat small intestine after ischemia-reperfusion injury. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2003; 11:578-582. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v11.i5.578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the effects of EGF on the characteristics of phosphrylated p44/42 MAPK expression and its biological significance in EGF-induced gut repair after ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury.
METHODS A total of 80 Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups, namely EGF treated group (E), normal saline control (R), ischemia group (I) and sham operated control (C). In group E and R, the rats were treated with intravenous EGF 100 μg/kg/rat or normal saline respectively after 45 minutes of superior mesenteric artery occlusion. Blood samples were collected at 2, 6, 12 and 24 hours after reperfusion and plasma D-lactate were determined. Tissue samples from intestine were also taken for histological analysis and immunohistochemical analysis of phospho-p44/42 MAPK.
RESULTS The changes of histological structure and D-lactate indicated that the intestinal barrier was damaged after intestinal I/R injury, while EGF treatment significantly improved the outcome. In group C and I positive signals of phospho-p44/42 MAPK were mainly located in the cytoplasm of the intestinal villi and crypts, while in group I positive cells increased significantly (P<0.05). In group R, positive signals were found in almost all the cells and the percentage of positive nuclei increased with the time of reperfusion, reaching its peak after 12h of reperfusion. In group E, the percentages were higher than those in group R and the peak of nuclear expression was earlier.
CONCLUSION EGF administration improves the outcome of I/R induced intestinal damage. After I/R the expression and nuclear translocation of phspho-p44/42 MAPK increases with the time of reperfusion, suggesting its role in intestinal reconstitution. EGF treatment induces its early expression and translocation into the nucleus, suggesting the significance of p44/42 MAPK signaling pathway in EGF-induced gut repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, 304 Hospital of PLA, Bei jing 100037, China
| | - Feng Xin
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Artillery General Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Xiao-Bing Fu
- Trauma Research Institute, 304 Hospital of PLA, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Yin-Hui Yang
- Trauma Research Institute, 304 Hospital of PLA, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Bao-Chen Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, 304 Hospital of PLA, Bei jing 100037, China
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Hu JK, Chen ZX, Zhou ZG, Zhang B, Tian J, Chen JP, Wang L, Wang CH, Chen HY, Li YP. Intravenous chemotherapy for resected gastric cancer: meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. World J Gastroenterol 2002; 8:1023-8. [PMID: 12439918 PMCID: PMC4656373 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v8.i6.1023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To assess the safety and efficacy of different intravenous chemotherapeutic regimens in patients with gastric carcinomas who had undergone gastrectomy.
METHODS: A meta-analysis of all the relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was performed. Language was restricted to Chinese and English. RCTs were identified from Medline and Embase (1980-2001/4), and Chinese Bio-medicine Database (1990-2001/1). Literature references were checked at the same time. We included randomized and quasi-randomized trials comparing the efficacy of intravenous chemotherapy after gastrectomy with that of surgery alone in patients with confirmed gastric carcinomas who had undergone gastrectomy. Selection criteria were: randomized or quasi-randomized trials with following-up results; Trials could be double-blind, single-blind or not blind; Chemotherapy groups were given intravenous chemotherapy after gastrectomy without neo-adjuvant chemotherapy, intraperitoneal hyperthermic perfusion, radiotherapy or chemoimmunotherapy; Controlled group included those receiving gastrectomy alone. The following data were extracted: the number of survival and death by the end of the follow-up; the different agents and doses of the intravenous chemotherapy; the baseline of the chemotherapy group and the controlled arm; the serious adverse events; the statistical consideration; cost-effectiveness analysis. The statistical analysis was performed by RevMan4.1 software which was provided by the Cochrane Collaboration. A P value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Meta-analysis was done with random effects model. Heterogeneity was checked by chi-square test. Sensitivity analysis was performed by excluding the trials in which Jadad-scale was only 1 score. The result was expressed with odds ratio (OR) for the categorical variable.
RESULTS: Fourteen trials involving 4543 patients were included. Meta-analysis was done with random effects model Heterogeneity and sensitivity analysis were performed also. The effect of intravenous chemotherapy after gastrectomy was better than surgery alone (odds ratio 0.56, 95%CI 0.40-0.79). There was a significant difference between the two groups by u-test (P = 0.0008). Sensitivity analysis revealed the same difference (odds ratio 0.81, 95%CI 0.70-0.94). Of fourteen trials, only three studies were of high quality according to the Jadad-scale (with three score). There was one meta-analysis trial and the others, about ten trials, were of low quality. There was no trial which mentioned sample-size calculation, allocation concealment, intention-to-treat analysis. Most of the trials didn’t describe the blind-procedure. There were five trials which detailed the side-effects according to the toxicity grade by WHO standard. The side-effects halting treatment were haematologic and biochemical toxicity, debilitating nausea and vomiting. There were two patients died of chemotherapy toxicity.
CONCLUSION: Based on the review, intravenous chemotherapy after gastrectomy may have positive treatment effect on gastric cancer. However, the evidence is not strong because of the general low methodologic quality of the RCTs. Therefore, we can’t make the conclusion that intravenous chemotherapy after gastrectomy may have better treatment effect on gastric cancer than that of surgery alone. Rigorously designed, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Kun Hu
- General Surgery Department, West China Hospital of SiChuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China.
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