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Wang L, Zhang G, Qin L, Ye H, Wang Y, Long B, Jiao Z. Anti-EGFR Binding Nanobody Delivery System to Improve the Diagnosis and Treatment of Solid Tumours. Recent Pat Anticancer Drug Discov 2021; 15:200-211. [PMID: 32885759 DOI: 10.2174/1574892815666200904111728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) and members of its homologous protein family mediate transmembrane signal transduction by binding to a specific ligand, which leads to regulated cell growth, differentiation, proliferation and metastasis. With the development and application of Genetically Engineered Antibodies (GEAs), Nanobodies (Nbs) constitute a new research hot spot in many diseases. A Nb is characterized by its low molecular weight, deep tissue penetration, good solubility and high antigen-binding affinity, the anti-EGFR Nbs are of significance for the diagnosis and treatment of EGFR-positive tumours. OBJECTIVE This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the information about the molecular structure of EGFR and its transmembrane signal transduction mechanism, and discuss the anti-EGFR-Nbs influence on the diagnosis and treatment of solid tumours. METHODS Data were obtained from PubMed, Embase and Web of Science. All patents are searched from the following websites: the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO®), the United States Patent Trademark Office (USPTO®) and Google Patents. RESULTS EGFR is a key target for regulating transmembrane signaling. The anti-EGFR-Nbs for targeted drugs could effectively improve the diagnosis and treatment of solid tumours. CONCLUSION EGFR plays a role in transmembrane signal transduction. The Nbs, especially anti- EGFR-Nbs, have shown effectiveness in the diagnosis and treatment of solid tumours. How to increase the affinity of Nb and reduce its immunogenicity remain a great challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Wang
- The First Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Gengyuan Zhang
- The First Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Long Qin
- The Cuiying Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Huili Ye
- The Cuiying Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Yan Wang
- The Cuiying Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Bo Long
- The First Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Zuoyi Jiao
- The First Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
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Lin Y, Li B, Ye J, Wang M, Wang J, Zhang Y, Zhu J. Neutralization Analysis of a Chicken Single-Chain Variable Fragment Derived from an Immune Antibody Library Against Infectious Bronchitis Virus. Viral Immunol 2015; 28:397-404. [PMID: 26090700 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2014.0104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), which is prevalent in many countries causing severe economic loss to the poultry industry, causes infectious bronchitis (IB) in birds. Recombinant single-chain variable fragments (scFvs) have been proven to effectively inhibit many viruses, both in vitro and in vivo, and they could be a potential diagnostic and therapeutic reagent to control IB. In this study, six anti-IBV chicken scFvs, ZL.10, ZL.64, ZL.78, ZL.80, ZL.138, and ZL.256, were obtained by screening random clones from an immune antibody library. An analysis of nucleotide sequences revealed that they represented distinctive genetic sequences and greatly varied in complementarity-determining region three of the heavy chain. Neutralization tests showed that ZL.10, which bound the S1 protein in western blots, inhibited the formation of syncytia in Vero cells 48 h post IBV infection and decreased the transcriptional level of nucleoprotein mRNA to 17.2%, while the other five scFvs, including ZL.78 and ZL.256, that bound the N protein did not. In conclusion, the results suggested that specific and neutralizing chicken scFvs against IBV, which can be safe and economical antibody reagents, can be produced in vitro through prokaryotic expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Lin
- 1 School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Key Lab of Veterinary Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University , Shanghai, People's Republic of China .,2 School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University , Yinchuan, People's Republic of China .,3 Department of Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University , Yangling, People's Republic of China
| | - Benqiang Li
- 1 School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Key Lab of Veterinary Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University , Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaxin Ye
- 1 School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Key Lab of Veterinary Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University , Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Man Wang
- 1 School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Key Lab of Veterinary Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University , Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhua Wang
- 3 Department of Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University , Yangling, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Jianguo Zhu
- 1 School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Key Lab of Veterinary Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University , Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Warford A, Howat W, McCafferty J. Expression profiling by high-throughput immunohistochemistry. J Immunol Methods 2004; 290:81-92. [PMID: 15261573 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2004.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/08/2004] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Immunohistochemistry (IHC) provides valuable information on expression of proteins within tissues at a cellular and subcellular level. Recent developments in the practice of IHC now make it possible to contemplate using this technique as a high-throughput expression profiling system. Advances have been made in creation and use of tissue microarrays, in automated IHC and in image capture/analysis. Each of these technologies are reviewed and issues surrounding their use considered. The success of high-throughput IHC is also dependent on both generation and screening of appropriate antibodies. Antibody-related issues which are likely to affect the success of high-throughput IHC, such as specificity, sensitivity, fixation choice, etc., are also considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Warford
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SA, UK
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Cheng J, Dong J, Zhang J, Wang JJ, Ji D, Liu Y, Zhong YW, Wang L. Identification and analysis of rat homologous gene to human HBV pre-S1 protein-binding protein. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2004; 12:1569-1573. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v12.i7.1569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To identify and analyze rat homologous gene to human hepatitis B virus (HBV) pre-S1-binding protein (PS1BP) coding gene.
METHODS: The human PS1BP was screened and identified from a hepatocyte expressive cDNA library by phage display technique with purified recombinant pre-S1 protein of HBV as the solidified matrix. The nucleotide sequence database GenBank, established by National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institute of Health (NIH), was searched for rat cDNA sequence homologous to human PS1BP cDNA by BLASTn tools online. A homologous cDNA sequence was identified as the rat PS1BP cDNA. The similarity and identity of rat PS1BP cDNA and amino acid (aa) sequences to human and mouse PS1BP genes were compared. The potential functional domains were predicted by online analysis tools.
RESULTS: The human PS1BP cDNA was identified by phage display technique. The rat PS1BP cDNA was identified by bioinformatics methods. The rat PS1BP cDNA consisted of 1 455 nt, and encoded a protein of 484 aa. The identity of rat PS1BP protein to human and mouse PS1BP proteins was 80.79% (391/484) and 92.98% (450/484), respectively. In the rat PS1BP protein sequence, several potential modification domains were identified.
CONCLUSION: Rat PS1BP cDNA and protein primary sequences are identified and analyzed.
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N/A. N/A. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2004; 12:1717-1720. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v12.i7.1717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
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Shao Q, Cheng J, Bai XF, Wang L, Zhang J, Liang YD, Liu M, Li Q. Screening of the genes of HCV core interacting proteins from human leucocyte cDNA library by yeast two-hybrid system. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2004; 12:86-88. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v12.i1.86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the binding protein of hepatitis C virus core protein (HCVcore).
METHODS: The HCVcore gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and HCVcore bait plasmid was constructed by using yeast-two hybrid system 3, then transformed into yeast AH109. The transformed yeast mated with yeast Y187 containing leucocyte cDNA library plasmid in 2×YPDA medium. Diploid yeast was plated on synthetic dropout nutrient medium (SD/-Trp-Leu-His-Ade) and synthetic dropout nutrient medium (SD/-Trp-Leu-His-Ade) containing x-α-gal for selecting two times and screening. After extracting and sequencing of plasmid from blue colonies, we underwent analysis by bioinformatics.
RESULTS: Six colonies were sequenced, among which,two colonies were golgi complex associated protein 1 (GOCAP1), one colony was Ran binding protein M (RanBPM), one colony was pellino homolog 2 (PELI2), and two colonies were KIAA1949 protein (KIAA1949).
CONCLUSION: Genes of HCV core interacting proteins in leucocyte are successfully cloned and the results bring some new clues for studying the biological functions of HCVcore and associated proteins.
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Cheng J, Liu Y, Hong Y, Wang JJ, Yang Q. Screening and identification of genes trans-regulated by hepatitis C virus NC3 protein with microarray assay. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2003; 11:930-934. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v11.i7.930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To understand the target genes up-regulated or down-regulated by NS3 protein, we compared the differentially expressed genes between the hepatoblastoma cell line HepG2 transfected by pcDNA3.1(-) and pcDNA3.1-NS3, respectively by cDNA microarray technique.
METHODS The NS3 coding DNA fragment was amplified with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique by using pBRTM3011 containing the full length of HCV-H cDNA as the template. The expressive vector of pcDNA3.1-NS3 was constructed by routine molecular biological methods. The HepG2 cells were transfected by pcDNA3.1(-) and pcDNA3.1-NS3, respectively using lipofectamine. The total RNA was isolated and reverse transcribed. The cDNAs were subjected for microarray screening with 1 152 cDNA probes.
RESULTS The expressive vector has been constructed and confirmed by restriction enzyme digestion and DNA sequencing analysis. The expression of NS3 protein has been confirmed by Western blot with single chain variable region (scFv) antibody. High quality mRNA and cDNA had been prepared and successful microarray screening had been conducted. From the scanning results, it was found 34 genes were up-regulated and 37 genes were down-regulated by NS3 protein of HCV.
CONCLUSION NS3 protein is a transactivator. The expression of NS3 protein affected the expression spectrum of HCV infected hepatocyte. The microarray is an important technique for the study of transactivating effects for viral proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Cheng
- Gene Therapy Research Center, Institute of Infectious Diseases, 302 Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Gene Therapy Research Center, Institute of Infectious Diseases, 302 Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Hong
- Gene Therapy Research Center, Institute of Infectious Diseases, 302 Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Jun Wang
- Gene Therapy Research Center, Institute of Infectious Diseases, 302 Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Yang
- Gene Therapy Research Center, Institute of Infectious Diseases, 302 Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
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Mu JS, Liu Y, Wang G, Cheng J, Duan HJ, Li K, Lu YY, Wang L, Wang HF. Cloning of genes transactivated by NS3 protein of HCV with suppressive and subtractive hybridization. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2003; 11:399-403. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v11.i4.399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To construct a subtractive cDNA library of genes transactivated by NS3 protein of hepatitis C virus (HCV) with suppressive and subtractive hybridization technique and clone genes associated with transactivation.
METHODS The mRNA was isolated from HepG2 cells transfected with pcDNA3.1(-)-NS3, and pcDNA3.1(-) empty vector, respectively; cDNA was synthesized. After digestion with restriction enzyme RsaI, cDNA fragments were obtained by restriction enzyme RsaI digestion. Tester cDNA was then divided into two groups and ligated to the specific adaptor 1 and adaptor 2, respectively. After tester cDNA was hybridized with driver cDNA twice and underwent two times of nested PCR, amplified cDNA fragments were subcloned into T/A plasmid vectors to set up the subtractive library. Amplification of the library was carried out with E. coli strain JM109. The cDNA was sequenced and analyzed in GenBank with Blast search after PCR.
RESULTS The amplified library contained 70 positive clones. Results of PCR study indicated that 56 clones had inserts of 200-1 000 bp in length. Sequence analysis suggested that six novel cDNA sequences might be target genes transactivated by NS3 protein.
CONCLUSION The subtractive library of genes transactivated by NS3 protein of HCV was constructed successfully.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Song Mu
- Gene Therapy Research Center, Institute of Infectious Diseases, The 302 Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100039, P.R.China
| | - Yan Liu
- Gene Therapy Research Center, Institute of Infectious Diseases, The 302 Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100039, P.R.China
| | - Gang Wang
- Gene Therapy Research Center, Institute of Infectious Diseases, The 302 Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100039, P.R.China
| | - Jun Cheng
- Gene Therapy Research Center, Institute of Infectious Diseases, The 302 Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100039, P.R.China
| | - Hui-Juan Duan
- Gene Therapy Research Center, Institute of Infectious Diseases, The 302 Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100039, P.R.China
| | - Ke Li
- Gene Therapy Research Center, Institute of Infectious Diseases, The 302 Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100039, P.R.China
| | - Yin-Ying Lu
- Gene Therapy Research Center, Institute of Infectious Diseases, The 302 Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100039, P.R.China
| | - Lin Wang
- Gene Therapy Research Center, Institute of Infectious Diseases, The 302 Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100039, P.R.China
| | - Hui-Fen Wang
- Gene Therapy Research Center, Institute of Infectious Diseases, The 302 Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100039, P.R.China
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Fu QG, Shen XD, Meng FD, Guo RX. Comparison of therapeutic efficacy between tumor-derived heat shock protein 70 and interleukine-2. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2003; 11:415-418. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v11.i4.415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To compare and analyze the therapeutic effect of tumor-derived heat shock protein 70 and globally accepted interleukin-2, to evaluate the anti-tumor capacity of HSP70, and to provide significant information for HSP70 administration to treat human cancers.
METHODS Cell Culture, techniques for protein extraction and purification, SDS-PAGE, Western-blot and animal experiment were used in this study.
RESULTS Both IL-2 and HSP70 showed therapeutic effect in tumor-bearing mice. The best effect was observed in 100 000 U IL-2 and 10 μg HSP70 administrations, and partial efficacy was found in 50000 U IL-2 and 5 μg HSP70 administrations. The effect of 100000 U IL-2 was nearly as good as that of 5 μg HSP70. About 40 % mice receiving HSP70 10 μg administration survived over 90 days, the average survival period of this group was over 56.8 days, whereas the control group was 17.3 days, IL-2 50 000 group, 26.3 days, IL-2 100 000 group, 36.6 days, and 5 μg HSP70 group, 27.7 days. Significant difference was found (P<0.05) when compared with the HSP70 10 μg group and control group.
CONCLUSION HSP70 has a specific anti-tumor effect and obviously exceeded IL-2 .Those data provide significant information for the treatment of human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Guo Fu
- Second General Surgery Department, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Shen
- Second General Surgery Department, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Fan-Dong Meng
- Second General Surgery Department, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Ren-Xuan Guo
- Second General Surgery Department, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning Province, China
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