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Ryu H, Ju U, Wallraven C. Decoding visual fatigue in a visual search task selectively manipulated via myopia-correcting lenses. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1307688. [PMID: 38660218 PMCID: PMC11039808 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1307688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Visual fatigue resulting from sustained, high-workload visual activities can significantly impact task performance and general wellbeing. So far, however, little is known about the underlying brain networks of visual fatigue. This study aimed to identify such potential networks using a unique paradigm involving myopia-correcting lenses known to directly modulate subjectively-perceived fatigue levels. Methods A sample of N = 31 myopia participants [right eye-SE: -3.77D (SD: 2.46); left eye-SE: -3.75D (SD: 2.45)] performed a demanding visual search task with varying difficulty levels, both with and without the lenses, while undergoing fMRI scanning. There were a total of 20 trials, after each of which participants rated the perceived difficulty and their subjective visual fatigue level. We used representational similarity analysis to decode brain regions associated with fatigue and difficulty, analyzing their individual and joint decoding pattern. Results and discussion Behavioral results showed correlations between fatigue and difficulty ratings and above all a significant reduction in fatigue levels when wearing the lenses. Imaging results implicated the cuneus, lingual gyrus, middle occipital gyrus (MOG), and declive for joint fatigue and difficulty decoding. Parts of the lingual gyrus were able to selectively decode perceived difficulty. Importantly, a broader network of visual and higher-level association areas showed exclusive decodability of fatigue (culmen, middle temporal gyrus (MTG), parahippocampal gyrus, precentral gyrus, and precuneus). Our findings enhance our understanding of processing within the context of visual search, attention, and mental workload and for the first time demonstrate that it is possible to decode subjectively-perceived visual fatigue during a challenging task from imaging data. Furthermore, the study underscores the potential of myopia-correcting lenses in investigating and modulating fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeongsuk Ryu
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Uijong Ju
- Department of Information Display, Kyunghee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Christian Wallraven
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Artificial Intelligence, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Zhou J, Chen W, Wu Q, Chen L, Chen HH, Liu H, Xu XQ, Wu FY, Hu H. Reduced cortical complexity in patients with thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy. Brain Imaging Behav 2022; 16:2133-2140. [PMID: 35821157 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-022-00683-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Psychical and functional disturbances of thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) patients are drawing increasingly attention, despite the characterized ophthalmic symptoms. We aimed to investigate the alterations of structural complexity using fractal dimension (FD) analysis in patients with TAO. Thirty-nine TAO patients and 25 healthy controls underwent high-resolution 3.0 T structural brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). FD values of brain regions were calculated by Computational Anatomy Toolbox (CAT12) and compared between groups. The associations between clinical variables and FD values were further estimated. We found that TAO patients exhibited significantly decreased FD values in right caudal anterior cingulate cortex, right lingual gyrus, right pars orbitalis and right cuneus cortex (FDR corrected p < 0.05). FD values of right cuneus cortex were positively correlated with visual acuity, and FD values of right caudal anterior cingulate cortex were also positively correlated with cognitive performance. Meanwhile, FD values of right lingual gyrus were found to be negatively correlated with emotional function. Our study indicated disturbed cortical complexity in brain regions corresponding to known functional deficits of vision, emotion and cognition in TAO. FD might be a potential marker for reflecting the underlying neurobiological basis of TAO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Zhou
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 300, Guangzhou Rd., Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Wen Chen
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 300, Guangzhou Rd., Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Qian Wu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 300, Guangzhou Rd., Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Lu Chen
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 300, Guangzhou Rd., Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Huan-Huan Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hu Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao-Quan Xu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 300, Guangzhou Rd., Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Fei-Yun Wu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 300, Guangzhou Rd., Nanjing, 210029, China.
| | - Hao Hu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 300, Guangzhou Rd., Nanjing, 210029, China.
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Don't look now! Emotion-induced blindness: The interplay between emotion and attention. Atten Percept Psychophys 2022; 84:2741-2761. [PMID: 35701659 PMCID: PMC9630228 DOI: 10.3758/s13414-022-02525-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Scientists have long been interested in understanding the influence of emotionally salient stimuli on attention and perception. One experimental paradigm that has shown great promise in demonstrating the effect of such stimuli is emotion-induced blindness. That is, when emotionally salient stimuli are presented in a rapid stream of stimuli, they produce impairments in the perception of task-relevant stimuli, even though they themselves are task irrelevant. This is known as emotion-induced blindness, and it is a profound and robust form of attentional bias. Here, we review the literature on emotion-induced blindness, such as identifying the types of stimuli that elicit it, and its temporal dynamics. We discuss the role of dimensional versus categorical approaches to emotion in relation to emotion-induced blindness. We also synthesize the work examining whether certain individuals, such as those high in anxiety versus psychopathy, succumb to emotion-induced blindness to different extents, and we discuss whether the deficit can be reduced or even abolished. We review the theoretical models that have been proposed to explain the phenomenon. Finally, we identify exciting questions for future research, and elucidate useful frameworks to guide future investigations.
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Abstract
The attentional blink (AB) paradigm has been used to address an enduring debate about the nature of conscious perception: Does the temporary impairment in conscious perception of the second (T2) of two serially presented targets result from a probabilistic all-or-none loss of information, or does T2 transition into consciousness along a continuum of perceptual fidelity? To investigate this question, we presented noisy orientation patterns as targets embedded in a rapid serial sequence of nonoriented noise distractors, and evaluated perception of T2 orientation using a continuous report paradigm. Using discrete mixture models and variable resource models, we evaluated the effects of manipulating both perceptual and central demands on the precision of T2 responses and the estimated frequency of random guessing. When perceptual competition between targets was emphasized by their sharing of a common visual feature (i.e., orientation), the attentional blink was associated with degraded precision of T2 perception. By contrast, when the task required switching between different attended features across two visually distinct targets, T2 awareness was impaired in an all-or-none manner as evidenced by significant increases in guessing responses. Both statistical and model comparison analyses indicated that loss of target information can be graded or discrete, depending on whether perceptual or higher central stages are taxed by processing demands. Our findings provide new insights into the mechanisms underlying the attentional blink and help reconcile conflicting views regarding how information can be lost from awareness. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jocelyn L. Sy
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37240, USA
| | - Hui-Yuan Miao
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37240, USA
| | - René Marois
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37240, USA
| | - Frank Tong
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37240, USA
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Wu Q, Hu H, Chen W, Chen HH, Chen L, Xu XQ, Wu FY. Morphological and microstructural brain changes in thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy: a combined voxel-based morphometry and diffusion tensor imaging study. J Endocrinol Invest 2020; 43:1591-1598. [PMID: 32253727 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-020-01242-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore the morphological and microstructural changes of grey and white matter in the patients of thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO). METHODS Twenty-five TAO patients and 25 well-matched healthy controls were recruited. Structural T1- and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging data were analyzed using voxel-based morphometry and voxel-based analysis of diffusion tensor imaging. RESULTS Compared with healthy controls, TAO group showed significantly decreased grey matter volume in the brain region of the right middle frontal gyrus. Meanwhile, TAO group showed significantly decreased fractional anisotropy (FA), but increased mean, axial and radial diffusivities in the brain regions of the right superior occipital gyrus, middle occipital gyrus and cuneus in TAO group. In addition, the FA value in significant brain regions showed a positive correlation with visual acuity (r = 0.456, P = 0.025) and a negative correlation with disease duration (r = - 0.609, P = 0.003). CONCLUSION Significant morphological and microstructural abnormalities in areas corresponding to known functional deficits of vision and cognition could be found in TAO patients. These results extended our understanding of neural relationships with TAO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Wu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 300, Guangzhou Rd, Gulou District, Nanjing, China
| | - H Hu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 300, Guangzhou Rd, Gulou District, Nanjing, China
| | - W Chen
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 300, Guangzhou Rd, Gulou District, Nanjing, China
| | - H-H Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - L Chen
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 300, Guangzhou Rd, Gulou District, Nanjing, China
| | - X-Q Xu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 300, Guangzhou Rd, Gulou District, Nanjing, China.
| | - F-Y Wu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 300, Guangzhou Rd, Gulou District, Nanjing, China.
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A vigilance avoidance account of spatial selectivity in dual-stream emotion induced blindness. Psychon Bull Rev 2020; 27:322-329. [DOI: 10.3758/s13423-019-01690-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Yu Y, Lan DY, Tang LY, Su T, Li B, Jiang N, Liang RB, Ge QM, Li QY, Shao Y. Intrinsic functional connectivity alterations of the primary visual cortex in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy: a seed-based resting-state fMRI study. Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab 2020; 11:2042018820960296. [PMID: 33149884 PMCID: PMC7580186 DOI: 10.1177/2042018820960296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE In this study, we aimed to investigate the differences in the intrinsic functional connectivity (iFC) of the primary visual cortex (V1), based on resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI), between patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) and healthy controls (HCs). METHODS In total, 26 patients (12 males, 14 females) with PDR and 26 HCs (12 males, 14 females), matched for sex, age, and education status, were enrolled in the study. All individuals underwent rs-fMRI scans. We acquired iFC maps and compared the differences between PDR patients and the HCs. RESULTS The PDR group had significantly increased FC between the left V1 and the right middle frontal gyrus (RMFG), and significantly reduced FC between the left V1 and the cuneus/calcarine/precuneus. In addition, the PDR patients had significantly increased FC between the right V1 and the right superior frontal gyrus (RSFG), and significantly reduced FC between the right V1 and the cuneus/calcarine/precuneus. The individual areas under the curve (AUCs) of FC values for the left V1 were as follows: RMFG (0.871, p < 0.001) and the cuneus/calcarine/precuneus (0.914, p < 0.001), while the AUCs of FC values for the right V1 were as follows: RSFG (0.895, p < 0.001) and the cuneus/calcarine/precuneus (0.918, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrated that, in PDR patients, altered iFC in distinct brain regions, including regions related to visual information processing and cognition. Considering the rise in the diabetes mellitus incidence rate and the consequences of PDR, the results could provide promising clues for exploring the neural mechanisms related to PDR and possible approaches for the early identification of PDR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Li-Ying Tang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science; Eye Institute of Xiamen University; Xiamen University School of Medicine, Xiamen, Fujian Province, China
| | - Ting Su
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science; Eye Institute of Xiamen University; Xiamen University School of Medicine, Xiamen, Fujian Province, China
| | - Biao Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Province Clinical Ophthalmology Institute, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Nan Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science; Eye Institute of Xiamen University; Xiamen University School of Medicine, Xiamen, Fujian Province, China
| | - Rong-Bin Liang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Province Clinical Ophthalmology Institute, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Qian-Min Ge
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Province Clinical Ophthalmology Institute, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Qiu-Yu Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Province Clinical Ophthalmology Institute, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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Spatiotemporal competition and task-relevance shape the spatial distribution of emotional interference during rapid visual processing: Evidence from gaze-contingent eye-tracking. Atten Percept Psychophys 2019; 80:426-438. [PMID: 29147961 DOI: 10.3758/s13414-017-1448-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
People's ability to perceive rapidly presented targets can be disrupted both by voluntary encoding of a preceding target and by spontaneous attention to salient distractors. Distinctions between these sources of interference can be found when people search for a target in multiple rapid streams instead of a single stream: voluntary encoding of a preceding target often elicits subsequent perceptual lapses across the visual field, whereas spontaneous attention to emotionally salient distractors appears to elicit a spatially localized lapse, giving rise to a theoretical account suggesting that emotional distractors and subsequent targets compete spatiotemporally during rapid serial visual processing. We used gaze-contingent eye-tracking to probe the roles of spatiotemporal competition and memory encoding on the spatial distribution of interference caused by emotional distractors, while also ruling out the role of eye-gaze in driving differences in spatial distribution. Spontaneous target perception impairments caused by emotional distractors were localized to the distractor location regardless of where participants fixated. But when emotional distractors were task-relevant, perceptual lapses occurred across both streams while remaining strongest at the distractor location. These results suggest that spatiotemporal competition and memory encoding reflect a dual-route impact of emotional stimuli on target perception during rapid visual processing.
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Lan DY, Zhu PW, He Y, Xu QH, Su T, Li B, Shi WQ, Lin Q, Yang YC, Yuan Q, Fang JW, Li QH, Shao Y. Gray Matter Volume Changes in Patients With Acute Eye Pain: A Voxel-Based Morphometry Study. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2019; 8:1. [PMID: 30627476 PMCID: PMC6322711 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.8.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The present study was attempted to compare the differences in gray matter volume (GMV) between the acute eye pain (EP) patients and the healthy controls (HCs) using voxel-based morphometry (VBM), and to explore the relationship with clinical features and behavioral performance. Methods A total of 24 patients (17 males, 7 females) with acute EP and 24 (17 males, 7 females) age-, sex-, and education-matched HCs were recruited from the Ophthalmology Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scans were conducted in all subjects. We analyzed the original three-dimensional (3D) T1 brain images by VBM and compared the GMV values with the HCs. The acute EP patients can be distinguished from the HCs by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results Compared with HCs, the acute EP patients had significantly lower GMV values in the brain regions of the left cerebellum posterior lobe, the left limbic lobe, the right insula, the left insula, the left thalamus, the left caudate, and the right cuneus. In addition, the WMV values of the whole brain in acute EP patients decreased slightly. Conclusions These results demonstrated that the acute EP patients showed an abnormal reduction in GMV in some brain regions, which might provide valuable information for further exploration of underlying neural mechanisms. These abnormal brain regions may reflect the functional disorders of acute EP patients in somatosensory, motor, cognitive functions, and so on. Translational Relevance The VBM study provides a diagnostic method for identifying the cause of acute EP, additionally, a novel direction was presented for further exploration of underlying neural mechanisms of acute EP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Yi Lan
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Province Clinical Ophthalmology Institute, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Pei-Wen Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Province Clinical Ophthalmology Institute, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Ying He
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Province Clinical Ophthalmology Institute, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Qian-Hui Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Province Clinical Ophthalmology Institute, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Ting Su
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Province Clinical Ophthalmology Institute, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.,Eye Institute of Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen, Fujian Province, China
| | - Biao Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Province Clinical Ophthalmology Institute, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Wen-Qing Shi
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Province Clinical Ophthalmology Institute, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Qi Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Province Clinical Ophthalmology Institute, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yan-Chang Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Province Clinical Ophthalmology Institute, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Qing Yuan
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Province Clinical Ophthalmology Institute, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jian-Wen Fang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Province Clinical Ophthalmology Institute, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Qing-Hai Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Province Clinical Ophthalmology Institute, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yi Shao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Province Clinical Ophthalmology Institute, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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Abstract
Abstract. Retroactive interference occurs when new information disrupts the retention of an existing representation, but its effects on visual short-term memory remain poorly understood. The present study examined three factors predicted to influence domain-specific retroactive interference, including the type of distractor, its temporal position, and the length of the retention interval. Participants compared target and test objects over a brief interval that either was unfilled or contained a similar or dissimilar distractor occurring 200 ms or 1.5 s after the target offset. Retention was influenced by the temporal position of the distractor and its relationship with the to-be-remembered target. Specifically, retroactive interference was only observed following the presentation of a dissimilar distractor that occurred 1.5 s after the target. These results suggest that novel distractors may be particularly interfering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Mercer
- Faculty of Education, Health and Wellbeing, University of Wolverhampton, United Kingdom
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Non-singleton colors are not attended faster than categories, but they are encoded faster: A combined approach of behavior, modeling and ERPs. Vision Res 2017; 140:106-119. [DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2017.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Wang L, Most SB. The cost of seeing the meaning: Conceptual processing of distractors triggers localized target suppression. VISUAL COGNITION 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/13506285.2017.1321076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Wang
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Steven B. Most
- School of Psychology, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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