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Hua L, Adams RA, Grent-'t-Jong T, Gajwani R, Gross J, Gumley AI, Krishnadas R, Lawrie SM, Schultze-Lutter F, Schwannauer M, Uhlhaas PJ. Thalamo-cortical circuits during sensory attenuation in emerging psychosis: a combined magnetoencephalography and dynamic causal modelling study. SCHIZOPHRENIA (HEIDELBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 9:25. [PMID: 37117187 PMCID: PMC10147678 DOI: 10.1038/s41537-023-00341-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Evidence suggests that schizophrenia (ScZ) involves impairments in sensory attenuation. It is currently unclear, however, whether such deficits are present during early-stage psychosis as well as the underlying network and the potential as a biomarker. To address these questions, Magnetoencephalography (MEG) was used in combination with computational modeling to examine M100 responses that involved a "passive" condition during which tones were binaurally presented, while in an "active" condition participants were asked to generate a tone via a button press. MEG data were obtained from 109 clinical high-risk for psychosis (CHR-P) participants, 23 people with a first-episode psychosis (FEP), and 48 healthy controls (HC). M100 responses at sensor and source level in the left and right thalamus (THA), Heschl's gyrus (HES), superior temporal gyrus (STG) and right inferior parietal cortex (IPL) were examined and dynamic causal modeling (DCM) was performed. Furthermore, the relationship between sensory attenuation and persistence of attenuated psychotic symptoms (APS) and transition to psychosis was investigated in CHR-P participants. Sensory attenuation was impaired in left HES, left STG and left THA in FEP patients, while in the CHR-P group deficits were observed only in right HES. DCM results revealed that CHR-P participants showed reduced top-down modulation from the right IPL to the right HES. Importantly, deficits in sensory attenuation did not predict clinical outcomes in the CHR-P group. Our results show that early-stage psychosis involves impaired sensory attenuation in auditory and thalamic regions but may not predict clinical outcomes in CHR-P participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Hua
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 264 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Rick A Adams
- Centre for Medical Image Computing and AI, University College London, 90 High Holborn, London, WC1V 6LJ, UK
- Max Planck-UCL Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, 10-12 Russell Square, London, WC1B 5EH, UK
| | - Tineke Grent-'t-Jong
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt- Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ruchika Gajwani
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Joachim Gross
- Institute for Biomagnetism and Biosignalanalysis, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Andrew I Gumley
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Rajeev Krishnadas
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Stephen M Lawrie
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Frauke Schultze-Lutter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
- University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Peter J Uhlhaas
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt- Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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2
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Darriba Á, Hsu YF, Van Ommen S, Waszak F. Intention-based and sensory-based predictions. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19899. [PMID: 34615990 PMCID: PMC8494815 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99445-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We inhabit a continuously changing world, where the ability to anticipate future states of the environment is critical for adaptation. Anticipation can be achieved by learning about the causal or temporal relationship between sensory events, as well as by learning to act on the environment to produce an intended effect. Together, sensory-based and intention-based predictions provide the flexibility needed to successfully adapt. Yet it is currently unknown whether the two sources of information are processed independently to form separate predictions, or are combined into a common prediction. To investigate this, we ran an experiment in which the final tone of two possible four-tone sequences could be predicted from the preceding tones in the sequence and/or from the participants' intention to trigger that final tone. This tone could be congruent with both sensory-based and intention-based predictions, incongruent with both, or congruent with one while incongruent with the other. Trials where predictions were incongruent with each other yielded similar prediction error responses irrespectively of the violated prediction, indicating that both predictions were formulated and coexisted simultaneously. The violation of intention-based predictions yielded late additional error responses, suggesting that those violations underwent further differential processing which the violations of sensory-based predictions did not receive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Darriba
- Université de Paris, INCC UMR 8002, CNRS, F-75006, Paris, France.
| | - Yi-Fang Hsu
- Department of Educational Psychology and Counselling, National Taiwan Normal University, 10610, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute for Research Excellence in Learning Sciences, National Taiwan Normal University, 10610, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sandrien Van Ommen
- Department of Basic Neurosciences, University of Geneva, Biotech Campus, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Florian Waszak
- Université de Paris, INCC UMR 8002, CNRS, F-75006, Paris, France
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Endo N, Ito T, Mochida T, Ijiri T, Watanabe K, Nakazawa K. Precise force controls enhance loudness discrimination of self-generated sound. Exp Brain Res 2021; 239:1141-1149. [PMID: 33555383 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-020-05993-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Motor executions alter sensory processes. Studies have shown that loudness perception changes when a sound is generated by active movement. However, it is still unknown where and how the motor-related changes in loudness perception depend on the task demand of motor execution. We examined whether different levels of precision demands in motor control affects loudness perception. We carried out a loudness discrimination test, in which the sound stimulus was produced in conjunction with the force generation task. We tested three target force amplitude levels. The force target was presented on a monitor as a fixed visual target. The generated force was also presented on the same monitor as a movement of the visual cursor. Participants adjusted their force amplitude in a predetermined range without overshooting using these visual targets and moving cursor. In the control condition, the sound and visual stimuli were generated externally (without a force generation task). We found that the discrimination performance was significantly improved when the sound was produced by the force generation task compared to the control condition, in which the sound was produced externally, although we did not find that this improvement in discrimination performance changed depending on the different target force amplitude levels. The results suggest that the demand for precise control to produce a fixed amount of force may be key to obtaining the facilitatory effect of motor execution in auditory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nozomi Endo
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1, Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8902, Japan.,Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1, Ohkubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 169-8555, Japan.,Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, 5-3-1 Kojimachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-0083, Japan
| | - Takayuki Ito
- Univ. Grenoble Alps, Grenoble-INP, CNRS, GIPSA-Lab, 11 rue des Mathématiques, Grenoble Campus BP46, 38402, Saint Martin D'heres Cedex, France.,Haskins Laboratories, 300 George Street, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Takemi Mochida
- NTT Communication Science Laboratories, 3-1, Morinosato Wakamiya, Atsugi-shi, Kanagawa, 243-0198, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Ijiri
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1, Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8902, Japan
| | - Katsumi Watanabe
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1, Ohkubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 169-8555, Japan.,Art & Design, University of New South Wales, Oxford St & Greens Rd, Paddington, NSW 202, Australia
| | - Kimitaka Nakazawa
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1, Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8902, Japan.
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Hua L, Recasens M, Grent-'t-Jong T, Adams RA, Gross J, Uhlhaas PJ. Investigating cortico-subcortical circuits during auditory sensory attenuation: A combined magnetoencephalographic and dynamic causal modeling study. Hum Brain Mapp 2020; 41:4419-4430. [PMID: 32662585 PMCID: PMC7502827 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Sensory attenuation refers to the decreased intensity of a sensory percept when a sensation is self‐generated compared with when it is externally triggered. However, the underlying brain regions and network interactions that give rise to this phenomenon remain to be determined. To address this issue, we recorded magnetoencephalographic (MEG) data from 35 healthy controls during an auditory task in which pure tones were either elicited through a button press or passively presented. We analyzed the auditory M100 at sensor‐ and source‐level and identified movement‐related magnetic fields (MRMFs). Regression analyses were used to further identify brain regions that contributed significantly to sensory attenuation, followed by a dynamic causal modeling (DCM) approach to explore network interactions between generators. Attenuation of the M100 was pronounced in right Heschl's gyrus (HES), superior temporal cortex (ST), thalamus, rolandic operculum (ROL), precuneus and inferior parietal cortex (IPL). Regression analyses showed that right postcentral gyrus (PoCG) and left precentral gyrus (PreCG) predicted M100 sensory attenuation. In addition, DCM results indicated that auditory sensory attenuation involved bi‐directional information flow between thalamus, IPL, and auditory cortex. In summary, our data show that sensory attenuation is mediated by bottom‐up and top‐down information flow in a thalamocortical network, providing support for the role of predictive processing in sensory‐motor system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Hua
- Institute for Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Marc Recasens
- Institute for Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Tineke Grent-'t-Jong
- Institute for Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rick A Adams
- Centre for Medical Image Computing, Department of Computer Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Joachim Gross
- Institute for Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.,Institute of Biomagnetism and Biosignal analysis, Westphalian Wilhelms University Muenster, Münster, Germany
| | - Peter J Uhlhaas
- Institute for Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Burgess JD, Major BP, McNeel C, Clark GM, Lum JAG, Enticott PG. Learning to Expect: Predicting Sounds During Movement Is Related to Sensorimotor Association During Listening. Front Hum Neurosci 2019; 13:215. [PMID: 31333431 PMCID: PMC6624421 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2019.00215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensory experiences, such as sound, often result from our motor actions. Over time, repeated sound-producing performance can generate sensorimotor associations. However, it is not clear how sensory and motor information are associated. Here, we explore if sensory prediction is associated with the formation of sensorimotor associations during a learning task. We recorded event-related potentials (ERPs) while participants produced index and little finger-swipes on a bespoke device, generating novel sounds. ERPs were also obtained as participants heard those sounds played back. Peak suppression was compared to assess sensory prediction. Additionally, transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) was used during listening to generate finger-motor evoked potentials (MEPs). MEPs were recorded before and after training upon hearing these sounds, and then compared to reveal sensorimotor associations. Finally, we explored the relationship between these components. Results demonstrated that an increased positive-going peak (e.g., P2) and a suppressed negative-going peak (e.g., N2) were recorded during action, revealing some sensory prediction outcomes (P2: p = 0.050, ηp2 = 0.208; N2: p = 0.001, ηp2 = 0.474). Increased MEPs were also observed upon hearing congruent sounds compared with incongruent sounds (i.e., associated to a finger), demonstrating precise sensorimotor associations that were not present before learning (Index finger: p < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.614; Little finger: p < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.529). Consistent with our broad hypotheses, a negative association between the MEPs in one finger during listening and ERPs during performance of the other was observed (Index finger MEPs and Fz N1 action ERPs; r = −0.655, p = 0.003). Overall, data suggest that predictive mechanisms are associated with the fine-tuning of sensorimotor associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jed D Burgess
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Brendan P Major
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Claire McNeel
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Gillian M Clark
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Jarrad A G Lum
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Peter G Enticott
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
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6
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Horváth J, Bíró B, Neszmélyi B. Action-effect related motor adaptation in interactions with everyday devices. Sci Rep 2018; 8:6592. [PMID: 29700369 PMCID: PMC5920059 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25161-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Human action planning relies on integrated representations of motor acts and the associated consequences, which implies that changing the set of effects associated to a motor act might directly influence action planning and control. The present study investigated the hypothesis that action-effect manipulations also affected the motor components of the actions even when only a single action option was available. Participants performed simple everyday actions (pinched a plastic sheet, pressed a button, tapped on a table) in two conditions. In the motor-auditory condition actions resulted in the presentation of a tone, whereas no tones were presented in the motor condition. The applied force was softer in the motor-auditory than in the motor condition for all three types of actions. The temporal characteristics of force application showed that action-effect related motor adaptation occurred during action planning, but possibly also during action execution. This demonstrates that even in simple, well-defined interactions with everyday devices we take all (even seemingly task-irrelevant) action-effects into account during action planning, which affects the motor component of the action. The results also imply that in experiments manipulating contingent action effects, one cannot rely on the assumption that the motor part of the action is invariant between conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- János Horváth
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Botond Bíró
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bence Neszmélyi
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
- Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary
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7
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Neszmélyi B, Horváth J. Consequences matter: Self-induced tones are used as feedback to optimize tone-eliciting actions. Psychophysiology 2017; 54:904-915. [DOI: 10.1111/psyp.12845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bence Neszmélyi
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences; Budapest Hungary
- Department of Cognitive Science; Budapest University of Technology and Economics; Budapest Hungary
| | - János Horváth
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences; Budapest Hungary
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8
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Timm J, Schönwiesner M, Schröger E, SanMiguel I. Sensory suppression of brain responses to self-generated sounds is observed with and without the perception of agency. Cortex 2016; 80:5-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2016.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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9
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Jang J, Jones M, Milne E, Wilson D, Lee KH. Contingent negative variation (CNV) associated with sensorimotor timing error correction. Neuroimage 2015; 127:58-66. [PMID: 26666899 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.11.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Revised: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/29/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Detection and subsequent correction of sensorimotor timing errors are fundamental to adaptive behavior. Using scalp-recorded event-related potentials (ERPs), we sought to find ERP components that are predictive of error correction performance during rhythmic movements. METHOD Healthy right-handed participants were asked to synchronize their finger taps to a regular tone sequence (every 600 ms), while EEG data were continuously recorded. Data from 15 participants were analyzed. Occasional irregularities were built into stimulus presentation timing: 90 ms before (advances: negative shift) or after (delays: positive shift) the expected time point. A tapping condition alternated with a listening condition in which identical stimulus sequence was presented but participants did not tap. RESULTS Behavioral error correction was observed immediately following a shift, with a degree of over-correction with positive shifts. Our stimulus-locked ERP data analysis revealed, 1) increased auditory N1 amplitude for the positive shift condition and decreased auditory N1 modulation for the negative shift condition; and 2) a second enhanced negativity (N2) in the tapping positive condition, compared with the tapping negative condition. In response-locked epochs, we observed a CNV (contingent negative variation)-like negativity with earlier latency in the tapping negative condition compared with the tapping positive condition. This CNV-like negativity peaked at around the onset of subsequent tapping, with the earlier the peak, the better the error correction performance with the negative shifts while the later the peak, the better the error correction performance with the positive shifts. DISCUSSION This study showed that the CNV-like negativity was associated with the error correction performance during our sensorimotor synchronization study. Auditory N1 and N2 were differentially involved in negative vs. positive error correction. However, we did not find evidence for their involvement in behavioral error correction. Overall, our study provides the basis from which further research on the role of the CNV in perceptual and motor timing can be developed.
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Wikman PA, Vainio L, Rinne T. The effect of precision and power grips on activations in human auditory cortex. Front Neurosci 2015; 9:378. [PMID: 26528121 PMCID: PMC4606019 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2015.00378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The neuroanatomical pathways interconnecting auditory and motor cortices play a key role in current models of human auditory cortex (AC). Evidently, auditory-motor interaction is important in speech and music production, but the significance of these cortical pathways in other auditory processing is not well known. We investigated the general effects of motor responding on AC activations to sounds during auditory and visual tasks (motor regions were not imaged). During all task blocks, subjects detected targets in the designated modality, reported the relative number of targets at the end of the block, and ignored the stimuli presented in the opposite modality. In each block, they were also instructed to respond to targets either using a precision grip, power grip, or to give no overt target responses. We found that motor responding strongly modulated AC activations. First, during both visual and auditory tasks, activations in widespread regions of AC decreased when subjects made precision and power grip responses to targets. Second, activations in AC were modulated by grip type during the auditory but not during the visual task. Further, the motor effects were distinct from the present strong attention-related modulations in AC. These results are consistent with the idea that operations in AC are shaped by its connections with motor cortical regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrik A Wikman
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lari Vainio
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki Helsinki, Finland
| | - Teemu Rinne
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki Helsinki, Finland ; Advanced Magnetic Imaging Centre, Aalto University School of Science Espoo, Finland
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11
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Enhanced auditory evoked activity to self-generated sounds is mediated by primary and supplementary motor cortices. J Neurosci 2015; 35:2173-80. [PMID: 25653372 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3723-14.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence demonstrates that responses in auditory cortex to auditory consequences of self-generated actions are modified relative to the responses evoked by identical sounds generated by an external source. Such modifications have been suggested to occur through a corollary discharge sent from the motor system, although the exact neuroanatomical origin is unknown. Furthermore, since tactile input has also been shown to modify responses in auditory cortex, it is not even clear whether the source of such modifications is motor output or somatosensory feedback. We recorded functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data from healthy human subjects (n = 11) while manipulating the rate at which they performed sound-producing actions with their right hand. In addition, we manipulated the amount of tactile feedback to examine the relative roles of motor and somatosensory cortices in modifying evoked activity in auditory cortex (superior temporal gyrus). We found an enhanced fMRI signal in left auditory cortex during perception of self-generated sounds relative to passive listening to identical sounds. Moreover, the signal difference between active and passive conditions in left auditory cortex covaried with the rate of sound-producing actions and was invariant to the amount of tactile feedback. Together with functional connectivity analysis, our results suggest motor output from supplementary motor area and left primary motor cortex as the source of signal modification in auditory cortex during perception of self-generated sounds. Motor signals from these regions could represent a predictive signal of the expected auditory consequences of the performed action.
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12
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Horváth J. Action-related auditory ERP attenuation: Paradigms and hypotheses. Brain Res 2015; 1626:54-65. [PMID: 25843932 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2015.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Revised: 02/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A number studies have shown that the auditory N1 event-related potential (ERP) is attenuated when elicited by self-induced or self-generated sounds. Because N1 is a correlate of auditory feature- and event-detection, it was generally assumed that N1-attenuation reflected the cancellation of auditory re-afference, enabled by the internal forward modeling of the predictable sensory consequences of the given action. Focusing on paradigms utilizing non-speech actions, the present review summarizes recent progress on action-related auditory attenuation. Following a critical analysis of the most widely used, contingent paradigm, two further hypotheses on the possible causes of action-related auditory ERP attenuation are presented. The attention hypotheses suggest that auditory ERP attenuation is brought about by a temporary division of attention between the action and the auditory stimulation. The pre-activation hypothesis suggests that the attenuation is caused by the activation of a sensory template during the initiation of the action, which interferes with the incoming stimulation. Although each hypothesis can account for a number of findings, none of them can accommodate the whole spectrum of results. It is suggested that a better understanding of auditory ERP attenuation phenomena could be achieved by systematic investigations of the types of actions, the degree of action-effect contingency, and the temporal characteristics of action-effect contingency representation-buildup and -deactivation. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled SI: Prediction and Attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- János Horváth
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, HAS, P.O.B. 286, H-1519 Budapest, Hungary.
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13
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Schröger E, Marzecová A, SanMiguel I. Attention and prediction in human audition: a lesson from cognitive psychophysiology. Eur J Neurosci 2015; 41:641-64. [PMID: 25728182 PMCID: PMC4402002 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.12816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Revised: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Attention is a hypothetical mechanism in the service of perception that facilitates the processing of relevant information and inhibits the processing of irrelevant information. Prediction is a hypothetical mechanism in the service of perception that considers prior information when interpreting the sensorial input. Although both (attention and prediction) aid perception, they are rarely considered together. Auditory attention typically yields enhanced brain activity, whereas auditory prediction often results in attenuated brain responses. However, when strongly predicted sounds are omitted, brain responses to silence resemble those elicited by sounds. Studies jointly investigating attention and prediction revealed that these different mechanisms may interact, e.g. attention may magnify the processing differences between predicted and unpredicted sounds. Following the predictive coding theory, we suggest that prediction relates to predictions sent down from predictive models housed in higher levels of the processing hierarchy to lower levels and attention refers to gain modulation of the prediction error signal sent up to the higher level. As predictions encode contents and confidence in the sensory data, and as gain can be modulated by the intention of the listener and by the predictability of the input, various possibilities for interactions between attention and prediction can be unfolded. From this perspective, the traditional distinction between bottom-up/exogenous and top-down/endogenous driven attention can be revisited and the classic concepts of attentional gain and attentional trace can be integrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erich Schröger
- Institute for Psychology, BioCog - Cognitive and Biological Psychology, University of LeipzigNeumarkt 9-19, D-04109, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anna Marzecová
- Institute for Psychology, BioCog - Cognitive and Biological Psychology, University of LeipzigNeumarkt 9-19, D-04109, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Iria SanMiguel
- Institute for Psychology, BioCog - Cognitive and Biological Psychology, University of LeipzigNeumarkt 9-19, D-04109, Leipzig, Germany
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