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K. K, M. D, B. VS, A. L, M. L. Down-modulation of functional ventral striatum activation for emotional face stimuli in patients with insula damage. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0301940. [PMID: 39018294 PMCID: PMC11253967 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Insula damage results in substantial impairments in facial emotion recognition. In particular, left hemispheric damage appears to be associated with poorer recognition of aversively rated facial expressions. Functional imaging can provide information on differences in the processing of these stimuli in patients with insula lesions when compared to healthy matched controls (HCs). We therefore investigated 17 patients with insula lesions in the chronic stage following stroke and 13 HCs using a passive-viewing task with pictures of facial expressions testing the blood oxygenation dependent (BOLD) effect in predefined regions of interest (ROIs). We expected a decrease in functional activation in an area modulating emotional response (left ventral striatum) but not in the facial recognition areas in the left inferior fusiform gyrus. Quantification of BOLD-response in ROIs but also voxel-based statistics confirmed this hypothesis. The voxel-based analysis demonstrated that the decrease in BOLD in the left ventral striatum was driven by left hemispheric damaged patients (n = 10). In our patient group, insula activation was strongly associated with the intensity rating of facial expressions. In conclusion, the combination of performance testing and functional imaging in patients following circumscribed brain damage is a challenging method for understanding emotion processing in the human brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klepzig K.
- Functional Imaging Unit, Institute of Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Domin M.
- Functional Imaging Unit, Institute of Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - von Sarnowski B.
- Department of Neurology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Lischke A.
- Department of Psychology, Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lotze M.
- Functional Imaging Unit, Institute of Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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2
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Zhang Z, Peng Y, Jiang Y, Chen T. The pictorial set of Emotional Social Interactive Scenarios between Chinese Adults (ESISCA): Development and validation. Behav Res Methods 2024; 56:2581-2594. [PMID: 37528294 DOI: 10.3758/s13428-023-02168-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Affective picture databases with a single facial expression or body posture in one image have been widely applied to investigate emotion. However, to date, there was no standardized database containing the stimuli which involve multiple emotional signals in social interactive scenarios. The current study thus developed a pictorial set comprising 274 images depicting two Chinese adults' interactive scenarios conveying emotions of happiness, anger, sadness, fear, disgust, and neutral. The data of the valence and arousal ratings of the scenes and the emotional categories of the scenes and the faces in the images were provided in the present study. Analyses of the data collected from 70 undergraduate students suggested high reliabilities of the valence and arousal ratings of the scenes and high judgmental agreements in categorizing the scene and facial emotions. The findings suggested that the present dataset is well constructed and could be useful for future studies to investigate the emotion recognition or empathy in social interactions in both healthy and clinical (e.g., ASD) populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyu Zhang
- Department of Psychology, School of Education, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Yanqin Peng
- Department of Psychology, School of Education, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Yiyao Jiang
- College of Arts and Sciences, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, 13244, USA
| | - Tingji Chen
- Department of Psychology, School of Education, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China.
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Bjerre-Nielsen E, Kallesøe KH, Nielsen ES, Gehrt TB, Frostholm L, Rask CU. A New Experimental Design to Examine Cognitive Biases for Gastrointestinal Related Stimuli in Children and Adolescents. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1327. [PMID: 37628326 PMCID: PMC10453649 DOI: 10.3390/children10081327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive biases toward disorder-specific stimuli are suggested as crucial to the development and maintenance of symptoms in adults with functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGID). Functional abdominal pain disorders (FAPD), a subtype of FGID, are common in children and adolescents, but the influence of cognitive biases is sparsely examined. This study aimed to (1) develop a new experimental design for assessing cognitive biases toward gastrointestinal stimuli in children and adolescents (aged 8 to 17 years) and (2) derive comparative data on bias toward gastrointestinal stimuli using a healthy "normative" sample. The online experimental design-BY-GIS (Bias in Youth toward GastroIntestinal-related Stimuli)-includes a word task and a picture task. Stimuli in both tasks are related to general and gastrointestinal symptoms, and the design includes three phases: (1) encoding, (2) free recall, and (3) recognition. Data were collected between April 2022 and April 2023 from 96 healthy participants (Mage = 12.32, 47.92% female). Adolescents were significantly better at recalling words than children (p = 0.03), whereas there were no significant gender or age differences with regard to recalling pictures (p > 0.05). Across age and gender, participants performed above chance level in the recognition phases of both tasks. The results support that the design is suitable within the age span.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Bjerre-Nielsen
- Research Unit, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Aarhus University Hospital Psychiatry, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 175, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Karen Hansen Kallesøe
- Research Unit, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Aarhus University Hospital Psychiatry, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 175, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Eva Skovslund Nielsen
- Research Unit, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Aarhus University Hospital Psychiatry, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 175, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Tine Bennedsen Gehrt
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
- Center on Autobiographical Memory Research, Department of Psychology and Behavioural Sciences, Aarhus BSS, Bartholins Allé 11, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Research and Development, Prehospital Emergency Medical Services, Central Denmark Region, Brendstrupgårdsvej 7, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lisbeth Frostholm
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
- The Research Clinic for Functional Disorders and Psychosomatics, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 11, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Charlotte Ulrikka Rask
- Research Unit, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Aarhus University Hospital Psychiatry, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 175, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
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Teh EJ, Yap MJ. Short report: Social processing in non-emotional contexts by children with and without autism spectrum disorders (ASD). PLoS One 2023; 18:e0285972. [PMID: 37200344 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0285972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) have been reported to show social-processing deficits in forced-choice social judgment or story interpretation tasks. However, these methods may limit examination of social-processing within a set of acceptable answers. In this pilot study, we propose a novel method predicated on the premise that language carries social information and validate this method to measure social perception in ASD. METHOD 20 children with ASD and 20 typically developing (TD) children matched-pairwise on age (5-12 years), gender, and non-verbal IQ, described pictures of people in everyday situations varying on extent of social engagement. Their social language production was examined in high- and low-social picture conditions. RESULTS The TD group produced significantly more social language in high-social than low-social picture conditions, with a large effect size (d = 3.15). The TD group produced significantly more social language than the ASD group under high-social conditions (p< .001, η2p = 0.24), but were not significantly different under low-social conditions (p < .05). CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The study presents proof-of-concept that expressed language carries social information. The findings indicate that social language may be used to measure social perception and examine differences in ASD, with potential applications for other clinical groups with social-processing challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth J Teh
- Department of Otolaryngology/Division of Graduate Medical Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Melvin J Yap
- Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Department of Psychology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Hampsey E, Meszaros M, Skirrow C, Strawbridge R, Taylor RH, Chok L, Aarsland D, Al-Chalabi A, Chaudhuri R, Weston J, Fristed E, Podlewska A, Awogbemila O, Young AH. Protocol for Rhapsody: a longitudinal observational study examining the feasibility of speech phenotyping for remote assessment of neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e061193. [PMID: 35667724 PMCID: PMC9171270 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-061193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders (NPDs) confer a huge health burden, which is set to increase as populations age. New, remotely delivered diagnostic assessments that can detect early stage NPDs by profiling speech could enable earlier intervention and fewer missed diagnoses. The feasibility of collecting speech data remotely in those with NPDs should be established. METHODS AND ANALYSIS The present study will assess the feasibility of obtaining speech data, collected remotely using a smartphone app, from individuals across three NPD cohorts: neurodegenerative cognitive diseases (n=50), other neurodegenerative diseases (n=50) and affective disorders (n=50), in addition to matched controls (n=75). Participants will complete audio-recorded speech tasks and both general and cohort-specific symptom scales. The battery of speech tasks will serve several purposes, such as measuring various elements of executive control (eg, attention and short-term memory), as well as measures of voice quality. Participants will then remotely self-administer speech tasks and follow-up symptom scales over a 4-week period. The primary objective is to assess the feasibility of remote collection of continuous narrative speech across a wide range of NPDs using self-administered speech tasks. Additionally, the study evaluates if acoustic and linguistic patterns can predict diagnostic group, as measured by the sensitivity, specificity, Cohen's kappa and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the binary classifiers distinguishing each diagnostic group from each other. Acoustic features analysed include mel-frequency cepstrum coefficients, formant frequencies, intensity and loudness, whereas text-based features such as number of words, noun and pronoun rate and idea density will also be used. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The study received ethical approval from the Health Research Authority and Health and Care Research Wales (REC reference: 21/PR/0070). Results will be disseminated through open access publication in academic journals, relevant conferences and other publicly accessible channels. Results will be made available to participants on request. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT04939818.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliot Hampsey
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | | | - Rebecca Strawbridge
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Rosie H Taylor
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - Dag Aarsland
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Ammar Al-Chalabi
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Ray Chaudhuri
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Parkinson's Foundation Centre of Excellence, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | | | - Aleksandra Podlewska
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Parkinson's Foundation Centre of Excellence, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Olabisi Awogbemila
- Parkinson's Foundation Centre of Excellence, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Allan H Young
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
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Oomen D, Cracco E, Brass M, Wiersema JR. EEG frequency tagging evidence of social interaction recognition. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2022; 17:1044-1053. [PMID: 35452523 PMCID: PMC9629471 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsac032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous neuroscience studies have provided important insights into the neural processing of third-party social interaction recognition. Unfortunately, however, the methods they used are limited by a high susceptibility to noise. Electroencephalogram (EEG) frequency tagging is a promising technique to overcome this limitation, as it is known for its high signal-to-noise ratio. So far, EEG frequency tagging has mainly been used with simplistic stimuli (e.g. faces), but more complex stimuli are needed to study social interaction recognition. It therefore remains unknown whether this technique could be exploited to study third-party social interaction recognition. To address this question, we first created and validated a wide variety of stimuli that depict social scenes with and without social interaction, after which we used these stimuli in an EEG frequency tagging experiment. As hypothesized, we found enhanced neural responses to social scenes with social interaction compared to social scenes without social interaction. This effect appeared laterally at occipitoparietal electrodes and strongest over the right hemisphere. Hence, we find that EEG frequency tagging can measure the process of inferring social interaction from varying contextual information. EEG frequency tagging is particularly valuable for research into populations that require a high signal-to-noise ratio like infants, young children and clinical populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danna Oomen
- Correspondence should be addressed to Danna Oomen, Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Henri Dunantlaan 2, Ghent B-9000, Belgium. E-mail:
| | - Emiel Cracco
- Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent B-9000, Belgium,EXPLORA, Ghent University, Ghent B-9000, Belgium
| | - Marcel Brass
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent B-9000, Belgium,School of Mind and Brain/Department of Psychology, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin 10099, Germany,EXPLORA, Ghent University, Ghent B-9000, Belgium
| | - Jan R Wiersema
- Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent B-9000, Belgium,EXPLORA, Ghent University, Ghent B-9000, Belgium
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7
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ISIEA: An image database of social inclusion and exclusion in young Asian adults. Behav Res Methods 2021; 54:2409-2421. [PMID: 34918228 PMCID: PMC9579065 DOI: 10.3758/s13428-021-01736-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Human beings have a fundamental need to belong. Evaluating and dealing with social exclusion and social inclusion events, which represent negative and positive social interactions, respectively, are closely linked to our physical and mental health. In addition to traditional paradigms that simulate scenarios of social interaction, images are utilized as effective visual stimuli for research on socio-emotional processing and regulation. Since the current mainstream emotional image database lacks social stimuli based on a specific social context, we introduced an open-access image database of social inclusion/exclusion in young Asian adults (ISIEA). This database contains a set of 164 images depicting social interaction scenarios under three categories of social contexts (social exclusion, social neutral, and social inclusion). All images were normatively rated on valence, arousal, inclusion score, and vicarious feeling by 150 participants in Study 1. We additionally examined the relationships between image ratings and the potential factors influencing ratings. The importance of facial expression and social context in the image rating of ISIEA was examined in Study 2. We believe that this database allows researchers to select appropriate materials for socially related studies and to flexibly conduct experimental control.
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Wong TYQ, Yap MJ, Obana T, Asplund CL, Teh EJ. Brief Report: Emotional Picture and Language Processing in Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder. J Autism Dev Disord 2021; 52:435-446. [PMID: 33660139 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-021-04920-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
There is currently limited research and a lack of consensus on emotional processing impairments among adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The present pilot study sought to characterize the extent to which adults with ASD are impaired in processing emotions in both words and pictures. Ten adults with ASD rated word and picture stimuli on emotional valence and arousal. Their ratings were compared to normative data for both stimuli sets using item-level correlations. Adults with ASD rank-ordered stimuli similarly to typically developing individuals, demonstrating relatively typical understanding of emotional words and pictures. However, they used a narrower range of the scales which suggests more subtle impairments affecting emotion-processing. Future directions arising from the findings of this pilot study are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tammy Y Q Wong
- Department of Psychology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Melvin J Yap
- Department of Psychology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Takashi Obana
- Division of Social Sciences, Yale-NUS College, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,N.1 Institute for Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Christopher L Asplund
- Department of Psychology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Division of Social Sciences, Yale-NUS College, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,N.1 Institute for Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Elizabeth J Teh
- Department of Otolaryngology, Division of Graduate Medical Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, MD3, Level 2, 16 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117600, Singapore.
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Colomo-Palacios R, Casado-Lumbreras C, Álvarez-Rodríguez JM, Yilmaz M. Coding vs presenting: a multicultural study on emotions. INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY & PEOPLE 2020. [DOI: 10.1108/itp-12-2019-0633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore and compare emotions perceived while coding and presenting for software students, comparing three different countries and performing also a gender analysis.Design/methodology/approachEmpirical data are gathered by means of the discrete emotions questionnaire, which was distributed to a group of students (n = 174) in three different countries: Norway, Spain and Turkey. All emotions are self-assessed by means of a Likert scale.FindingsThe results show that both tasks are emotionally different for the subjects of all countries: presentation is described as a task that produces mainly fear and anxiety; whereas coding tasks produce anger and rage, but also happiness and satisfaction. With regards to gender differences, men feel less scared in presentation tasks, whereas women report more desire in coding activities. It is concluded that it is important to be aware and take into account the different emotions perceived by students in their activities. Moreover, it is also important to note the different intensities in these emotions present in different cultures and genders.Originality/valueThis study is among the few to study emotions perceived in software work by means of a multicultural approach using quantitative research methods. The research results enrich computing literacy theory in human factors.
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McKenzie K, Murray A, Murray K, O'Donnell M, Murray GC, Metcalfe D, McCarty K. An evaluation of the distribution properties, factor structure, and item response profile of an assessment of emotion recognition. Heliyon 2020; 6:e03572. [PMID: 32195395 PMCID: PMC7076041 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Many people with developmental disabilities, such as autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability have emotion recognition (ER) difficulties compared with typically developing (TD) peers. Accurate assessment of the extent and nature of differences in ER requires an understanding of the response profiles to ER assessment stimuli. We analysed data from 504 TD individuals in response to an ER assessment in respect of distribution properties, factor structure, and item response profile. Eighteen emotion items discriminated better at lower levels of ER ability in TD participants. Neutral expressions were the hardest to interpret; surprise, anger, happy, and bored were easiest. The amount of contextual information in combination with the emotion being depicted also appeared to influence level of difficulty. Similar psychometric research is needed with people with developmental disabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen McKenzie
- Northumbria University, United Kingdom
- Corresponding author.
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Abstract
In a recent study on food-evoked emotions, we observed that people often misunderstood the currently available affective self-report tools. We, therefore, developed a new intuitive and language-independent self-report instrument called the EmojiGrid: a rectangular response grid labeled with facial icons (emoji) that express different degrees of valence and arousal. We found that participants intuitively and reliably reported their affective appraisal of food by clicking on the EmojiGrid, even without verbal instructions. In this study, we investigated whether the EmojiGrid can also serve as a tool to assess one’s own (experienced) emotions and perceived emotions of others. In the first experiment, participants (N = 90) used the EmojiGrid to report their own emotions, evoked by affective images from a database with corresponding normative ratings (obtained with a 9-point self-assessment mannikin scale). In the second experiment, participants (N = 61) used the EmojiGrid to report the perceived emotional state of persons shown in different affective situations, in pictures from a database with corresponding normative ratings (obtained with a 7-point Likert scale). For both experiments, the affective (valence and arousal) ratings obtained with the EmojiGrid show excellent agreement with the data provided in the literature (intraclass correlations of at least 0.90). Also, the relation between valence and arousal shows the classic U-shape at the group level. Thus, the EmojiGrid appears to be a useful graphical self-report instrument for the assessment of evoked and perceived emotions.
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Teh EJ, Yap MJ, Rickard Liow SJ. Emotional Processing in Autism Spectrum Disorders: Effects of Age, Emotional Valence, and Social Engagement on Emotional Language Use. J Autism Dev Disord 2018; 48:4138-4154. [DOI: 10.1007/s10803-018-3659-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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