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The prevalence and correlates of oral sex among low-tier female sex workers in Zhejiang province, China. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0238822. [PMID: 32898155 PMCID: PMC7478619 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Oral sex and its associated factors among low-tier female sex workers (FSWs) have not been documented in the Chinese literature. Here, we report this perspective in this group. Methods The data were derived from a large cross-sectional study conducted among low-tier FSWs using a structured questionnaire in 21 counties in Zhejiang province, China. The prevalence of oral sex and its associated factors among 2645 low-tier FSWs were analyzed using bivariate and multivariate analysis. Results Of all participants, 579 (21.9%) had performed oral sex with clients over the previous month. Multivariate analysis revealed that oral sex is related to being unmarried, low income, early initiation of commercial sex, having conducted commercial sex in more counties, longer duration of commercial sex, larger number of clients, ever having engaged in anal sex, less use of condoms and oral contraceptives during the previous month, low rate of adoption for contraception at the present time, and STI-related symptoms during the previous half year. Conclusion Oral sex practitioners among low-tier FSWs in China are at a higher risk of STI, HIV, and unwanted pregnancy compared to those who did not engage in oral sex. Behavioral interventions carried out among low-tier FSWs should specifically target low-tier FSWs who practice oral sex, should carefully take into account the characteristics of these FSWs, provide risk awareness education and training for condom use negotiation, and promote the availability of condom and reproductive health care, timely diagnosis, and treatment of STIs.
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Yu J, Nehl EJ, Dinh VP, Liang B, Son NV, Meng D, Zhang Y, Jiang J, Huang J, Ning C, Liao Y, Chen H, Zang N, Chen R, Liu D, Ye L, Liang H. Vietnamese female sex workers in rural cross-border areas of Guangxi, China: migration and HIV/STI risk behaviors. AIDS Care 2020; 32:1515-1523. [PMID: 32008356 DOI: 10.1080/09540121.2020.1719968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
China's HIV/AIDS epidemic continues to grow in rural and less developed areas. This consecutive cross-sectional study examines demographic and behavioral factors associated with HIV/STI infection, Hepatitis C (HCV) and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among Vietnamese female sex workers (FSW), a vulnerable population who cross into Guangxi, China. This study is a secondary data analysis of 303 Vietnamese and 4,348 Chinese FSWs recruited over seven years from two Chinese counties that border Vietnam. Logistic regression models compared demographics, HIV/STI status, HIV/AIDS-related knowledge, attitudes, and risk behaviors between Vietnamese FSWs and Chinese FSWs. Compared with Chinese FSWs, Vietnamese FSWs were younger, had attained lower education levels, were highly mobile, more likely to report using drugs, and were more vulnerable to HIV/STIs. Younger age, less educational attainment, shorter time in their current working location, no voluntary HIV testing in the last year, greater drug use, and not using condoms for all commercial sex in the last month were associated with higher HIV/STIs. In conclusion, several factors were associated with HIV/STI risk in Vietnamese cross-border FSWs. There is a pressing need to improve support systems for Vietnamese cross-border FSW and health system cooperation across the Chinese/Vietnamese border.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment & Guangxi Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Disease, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Eric J Nehl
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Van Phu Dinh
- HaTinh Medical College, Ha Tinh City, Ha Tinh Province, Vietnam
| | - Bingyu Liang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment & Guangxi Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Disease, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.,Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, Life Science Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Nguyen Van Son
- Thai Nguyen University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Thai Nguyen City, Vietnam
| | - Donghua Meng
- Ningming Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangxi, Ningming County, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Longzou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Junjun Jiang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment & Guangxi Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Disease, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.,Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, Life Science Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiegang Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment & Guangxi Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Disease, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanyi Ning
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment & Guangxi Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Disease, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.,Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, Life Science Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanyan Liao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment & Guangxi Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Disease, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.,Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, Life Science Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment & Guangxi Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Disease, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Zang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment & Guangxi Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Disease, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.,Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, Life Science Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongfeng Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment & Guangxi Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Disease, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.,Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, Life Science Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Deping Liu
- Chongzuo Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongzuo, Longzhou County, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Ye
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment & Guangxi Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Disease, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.,Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, Life Science Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Liang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment & Guangxi Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Disease, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.,Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, Life Science Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
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