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1
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Wang G, Liu L. Amblyopia: progress and promise of functional magnetic resonance imaging. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2022; 261:1229-1246. [PMID: 36282454 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-022-05826-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Amblyopia is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by functional deficits in the visual cortex. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is the most commonly used neuroimaging technique for investigating amblyopia. Herein, we systematically searched a PubMed database from inception to December 2021 to highlight the current progress and promises about fMRI technology in amblyopia; amblyopia's neural mechanism, the comparison of different types of amblyopia, and the evaluation of the therapeutic effect were explored. Relevant articles published in English and appropriate cross-references were considered for inclusion, including basic studies, imaging techniques, clinical diagnostic and therapeutic studies, case series, and reviews.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiqu Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Longqian Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
- Department of Optometry and Visual Science, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Dai P, Zhou X, Ou Y, Xiong T, Zhang J, Chen Z, Zou B, Wei X, Wu Y, Xiao M. Altered Effective Connectivity of Children and Young Adults With Unilateral Amblyopia: A Resting-State Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:657576. [PMID: 34295218 PMCID: PMC8290343 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.657576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The altered functional connectivity (FC) in amblyopia has been investigated by many studies, but the specific causality of brain connectivity needs to be explored further to understand the brain activity of amblyopia. We investigated whether the effective connectivity (EC) of children and young adults with amblyopia was altered. The subjects included 16 children and young adults with left eye amblyopia and 17 healthy controls (HCs). The abnormalities between the left/right primary visual cortex (PVC) and the other brain regions were investigated in a voxel-wise manner using the Granger causality analysis (GCA). According to the EC results in the HCs and the distribution of visual pathways, 12 regions of interest (ROIs) were selected to construct an EC network. The alteration of the EC network of the children and young adults with amblyopia was analyzed. In the voxel-wise manner analysis, amblyopia showed significantly decreased EC between the left/right of the PVC and the left middle frontal gyrus/left inferior frontal gyrus compared with the HCs. In the EC network analysis, compared with the HCs, amblyopia showed significantly decreased EC from the left calcarine fissure, posterior cingulate gyrus, left lingual gyrus, right lingual gyrus, and right fusiform gyrus to the right calcarine fissure. Amblyopia also showed significantly decreased EC from the right inferior frontal gyrus and right lingual gyrus to the left superior temporal gyrus compared with the HCs in the EC network analysis. The results may indicate that amblyopia altered the visual feedforward and feedback pathway, and amblyopia may have a greater relevance with the feedback pathway than the feedforward pathway. Amblyopia may also correlate with the feedforward of the third visual pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peishan Dai
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Engineering Research Center of Machine Vision and Intelligent Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhou
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Engineering Research Center of Machine Vision and Intelligent Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yilin Ou
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Engineering Research Center of Machine Vision and Intelligent Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Tong Xiong
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Engineering Research Center of Machine Vision and Intelligent Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jinlong Zhang
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Engineering Research Center of Machine Vision and Intelligent Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zailiang Chen
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Engineering Research Center of Machine Vision and Intelligent Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Beiji Zou
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Engineering Research Center of Machine Vision and Intelligent Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xin Wei
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha, China
| | - Ying Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha, China
| | - Manyi Xiao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha, China
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Altered Spontaneous Brain Activity of Children with Unilateral Amblyopia: A Resting State fMRI Study. Neural Plast 2019; 2019:3681430. [PMID: 31428144 PMCID: PMC6683781 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3681430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study is aimed at investigating differences in local brain activity and functional connectivity (FC) between children with unilateral amblyopia and healthy controls (HCs) by using resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI). Methods Local activity and FC analysis methods were used to explore the altered spontaneous brain activity of children with unilateral amblyopia. Local brain function analysis methods included the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF). FC analysis methods consisted of the FC between the primary visual cortex (PVC-FC) and other brain regions and the FC network between regions of interest (ROIs-FC) selected by independent component analysis. Results The ALFF in the bilateral frontal, temporal, and occipital lobes in the amblyopia group was lower than that in the HCs. The weakened PVC-FC was mainly concentrated in the frontal lobe and the angular gyrus. The ROIs-FC between the default mode network, salience network, and primary visual cortex network (PVCN) were significantly reduced, whereas the ROIs-FC between the PVCN and the high-level visual cortex network were significantly increased in amblyopia. Conclusions Unilateral amblyopia may reduce local brain activity and FC in the dorsal and ventral visual pathways and affect the top-down attentional control. Amblyopia may also alter FC between brain functional networks. These findings may help understand the pathological mechanisms of children with amblyopia.
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