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Meier K, Riepl A, Voitl P, Lischka L, Voitl JJM, Langer K, Kuzio U, Redlberger-Fritz M, Diesner-Treiber SC. Characterisation of RSV infections in children without chronic diseases aged 0-36 months during the post-COVID-19 winter season 2022/2023. Front Pediatr 2024; 12:1342399. [PMID: 38379907 PMCID: PMC10876782 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2024.1342399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is one of the leading causes of hospitalisation, morbidity, and mortality due to respiratory infection in the first years of life. This longitudinal prospective study outlines the 2022/23 season's viral patterns in Austria after the epidemiological changes determined by public health measures. We aimed to highlight differences within the RSV subtypes and genotypes in 0-36-month-old children without chronic diseases in the outpatient setting. Methods From November 2022 to March 2023 children younger than 36 months admitted to Vienna's largest paediatric primary healthcare centre with an acute respiratory infection were enrolled in this study. Nasal swabs and multiplex PCR panels detected 20 viruses including RSV subtypes and genotypes. Clinical presentation, features, and treatment of the participants were documented and analysed using the Modified Tal Score (MTS). Patients were scheduled for a telemedical follow-up one week after the initial appointment. Analysis was done using descriptive statistics, including Cramér V and binominal logarithmic regression. Results Among the 345 samples from 329 children, RSV was the most common virus (31.9%), followed by influenza (17.5%) and rhinovirus infections (20.58%). Of the RSV positive samples, only 13 cases were RSV subtype A (11.8%), whereas 97 were of subtype B (87.3%); ON1 and BA9 were the only detectable RSV genotypes (ON1: BA9 = 1:9.25). RSV was the main predictor of hospitalisation (OR: 7.5, 95% CI: (1.46-38.40), and age had a significant but smaller effect (OR: 0.89, 95% CI: (0.81-0.99). Almost all patients' clinical status improved within the first days. Conclusion RSV cases showed a rapid onset in late November 2022, and subtype B was predominant throughout the season. RSV infection was associated with higher hospitalisation rates, even after excluding high-risk patients (preterm and severe chronic diseases population).Further testing in the upcoming winter seasons will improve our knowledge of the dominant subtype and its association with disease severity, especially with the development of novel RSV vaccine candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Angela Riepl
- First Vienna Pediatric Medical Center, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Voitl
- First Vienna Pediatric Medical Center, Vienna, Austria
- Sigmund Freud University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lena Lischka
- First Vienna Pediatric Medical Center, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Klara Langer
- First Vienna Pediatric Medical Center, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ulrike Kuzio
- First Vienna Pediatric Medical Center, Vienna, Austria
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Zhou X, Jiang M, Wang F, Qian Y, Song Q, Sun Y, Zhu R, Wang F, Qu D, Cao L, Ma L, Xu Y, De R, Zhao L. Immune escaping of the novel genotypes of human respiratory syncytial virus based on gene sequence variation. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1084139. [PMID: 36703972 PMCID: PMC9871593 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1084139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Immune escaping from host herd immunity has been related to changes in viral genomic sequences. The study aimed to understand the diverse immune responses to different subtypes or genotypes of human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in pediatric patients. Methods The genomic sequences of different subtypes or RSV genotypes, isolated from Beijing patients, were sequenced and systematically analyzed. Specifically, the antiviral effects of Palivizumab and the cross-reactivity of human sera from RSV-positive patients to different subtypes or genotypes of RSV were determined. Then, the level of 38 cytokines and chemokines in respiratory and serum samples from RSV-positive patients was evaluated. Results The highest nucleotide and amino acid variations and the secondary and tertiary structure diversities among different subtypes or genotypes of RSV were found in G, especially for genotype ON1 with a 72bp-insertion compared to NA1 in subtype A, while more mutations of F protein were found in the NH-2 terminal, including the antigenic site II, the target of Palivizumab, containing one change N276S. Palivizumab inhibited subtype A with higher efficiency than subtype B and had stronger inhibitory effects on the reference strains than on isolated strains. However, RSV-positive sera had stronger inhibitory effects on the strains in the same subtypes or genotypes of RSV. The level of IFN-α2, IL-1α, and IL-1β in respiratory specimens from patients with NA1 was lower than those with ON1, while there were higher TNFα, IFNγ, IL-1α, and IL-1β in the first serum samples from patients with ON1 compared to those with BA9 of subtype B. Conclusions Diverse host immune responses were correlated with differential subtypes and genotypes of RSV in pediatric patients, demonstrating the impact of viral genetics on host immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohe Zhou
- Laboratory of Virology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China,Beijing Key Laboratory of Etiology of Viral Diseases in Children, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Mingli Jiang
- Laboratory of Virology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China,Beijing Key Laboratory of Etiology of Viral Diseases in Children, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Fengjie Wang
- Laboratory of Virology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China,Beijing Key Laboratory of Etiology of Viral Diseases in Children, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Qian
- Laboratory of Virology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China,Beijing Key Laboratory of Etiology of Viral Diseases in Children, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Qinwei Song
- Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Children’s Hospital, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Laboratory of Virology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China,Beijing Key Laboratory of Etiology of Viral Diseases in Children, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Runan Zhu
- Laboratory of Virology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China,Beijing Key Laboratory of Etiology of Viral Diseases in Children, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Laboratory of Virology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China,Beijing Key Laboratory of Etiology of Viral Diseases in Children, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Qu
- Intensive Care Unit, Affiliated Children’s Hospital, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Cao
- Department of Respiratory, Affiliated Children’s Hospital, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Lijuan Ma
- Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Children’s Hospital, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Yanpeng Xu
- Laboratory of Virology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China,Beijing Key Laboratory of Etiology of Viral Diseases in Children, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Ri De
- Laboratory of Virology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China,Beijing Key Laboratory of Etiology of Viral Diseases in Children, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Linqing Zhao, ; Ri De,
| | - Linqing Zhao
- Laboratory of Virology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China,Beijing Key Laboratory of Etiology of Viral Diseases in Children, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Linqing Zhao, ; Ri De,
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任 康, 任 洛, 邓 昱, 谢 晓, 臧 娜, 谢 军, 罗 征, 罗 健, 符 州, 刘 恩, 李 渠. [Epidemiological characteristics of respiratory syncytial virus in hospitalized children with acute lower respiratory tract infection in Chongqing, China, from 2013 to 2018: an analysis of 2 066 cases]. ZHONGGUO DANG DAI ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY PEDIATRICS 2021; 23:67-73. [PMID: 33476540 PMCID: PMC7818151 DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2007139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the detection rate, epidemic pattern, and clinical features of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in hospitalized children with acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI). METHODS Nasopharyngeal aspirates were collected from children with ALRI, aged < 2 years, who were hospitalized in Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from June 2013 to May 2018. Multiplex PCR was used to detect 16 common respiratory viruses. The epidemiological characteristics of RSV were analyzed. RESULTS A total of 2 066 hospitalized children with ALRI were enrolled. Among the children, 1 595 (77.20%) tested positive for virus and 826 (39.98%) tested positive for RSV [410(49.6%) positive for RSV-A, 414 (50.1%) positive for RSV-B, and 2 (0.2%) positive for both RSV-A and RSV-B]. RSV-B was the main subtype detected in 2013-2014 and 2016-2017, while RSV-A was the main subtype in 2014-2015 and 2017-2018, and these two subtypes were prevalent in 2015-2016. The highest detection rate of RSV was noted in winter. RSV + human rhinovirus was the most common combination of viruses and was detected in 123 children. These children were more likely to develop wheezing than those with single RSV detected (P=0.030). A total of 298 samples were detected with single RSV, 148 were detected with RSV mixed with other viruses, 389 were detected with other viruses, and 241 were detected negative for viruses. Compared with the other viruses and negative virus groups, the single RSV group had a significantly younger age and significantly higher incidence rates of dyspnea, respiratory failure, and severe lower respiratory tract infection (P < 0.0083). The RSV-A positive group had a significantly higher proportion of boys than the RSV-B positive group (P=0.004), but there were no significant differences in clinical manifestations between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS In Chongqing in 2013-2018, RSV-A and RSV-B not only can predominate alternately, but also can co-circulate during a season. RSV is the major viral pathogen of hospitalized children with ALRI and can cause severe lower respiratory tract infection. There are no differences in clinical manifestations between children with RSV-A infection and those with RSV-B infection, but boys are more susceptible to RSV-A infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- 康轶 任
- />重庆医科大学附属儿童医院呼吸科/国家儿童健康与疾病临床医学研究中心/儿童发育疾病研究教育部重点实验室/儿童感染免疫重庆市重点实验室, 重庆 400014Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University/National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders/Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders/Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - 洛 任
- />重庆医科大学附属儿童医院呼吸科/国家儿童健康与疾病临床医学研究中心/儿童发育疾病研究教育部重点实验室/儿童感染免疫重庆市重点实验室, 重庆 400014Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University/National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders/Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders/Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - 昱 邓
- />重庆医科大学附属儿童医院呼吸科/国家儿童健康与疾病临床医学研究中心/儿童发育疾病研究教育部重点实验室/儿童感染免疫重庆市重点实验室, 重庆 400014Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University/National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders/Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders/Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - 晓虹 谢
- />重庆医科大学附属儿童医院呼吸科/国家儿童健康与疾病临床医学研究中心/儿童发育疾病研究教育部重点实验室/儿童感染免疫重庆市重点实验室, 重庆 400014Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University/National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders/Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders/Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - 娜 臧
- />重庆医科大学附属儿童医院呼吸科/国家儿童健康与疾病临床医学研究中心/儿童发育疾病研究教育部重点实验室/儿童感染免疫重庆市重点实验室, 重庆 400014Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University/National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders/Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders/Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - 军 谢
- />重庆医科大学附属儿童医院呼吸科/国家儿童健康与疾病临床医学研究中心/儿童发育疾病研究教育部重点实验室/儿童感染免疫重庆市重点实验室, 重庆 400014Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University/National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders/Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders/Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - 征秀 罗
- />重庆医科大学附属儿童医院呼吸科/国家儿童健康与疾病临床医学研究中心/儿童发育疾病研究教育部重点实验室/儿童感染免疫重庆市重点实验室, 重庆 400014Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University/National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders/Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders/Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - 健 罗
- />重庆医科大学附属儿童医院呼吸科/国家儿童健康与疾病临床医学研究中心/儿童发育疾病研究教育部重点实验室/儿童感染免疫重庆市重点实验室, 重庆 400014Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University/National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders/Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders/Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - 州 符
- />重庆医科大学附属儿童医院呼吸科/国家儿童健康与疾病临床医学研究中心/儿童发育疾病研究教育部重点实验室/儿童感染免疫重庆市重点实验室, 重庆 400014Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University/National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders/Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders/Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - 恩梅 刘
- />重庆医科大学附属儿童医院呼吸科/国家儿童健康与疾病临床医学研究中心/儿童发育疾病研究教育部重点实验室/儿童感染免疫重庆市重点实验室, 重庆 400014Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University/National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders/Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders/Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - 渠北 李
- />重庆医科大学附属儿童医院呼吸科/国家儿童健康与疾病临床医学研究中心/儿童发育疾病研究教育部重点实验室/儿童感染免疫重庆市重点实验室, 重庆 400014Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University/National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders/Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders/Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Chongqing 400014, China
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5
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Dong YW, Dai LH, Ye WJ, Chen XF, Dong L. [A molecular epidemiological study of respiratory syncytial virus circulating in southern Zhejiang Province, China, from 2009 to 2014]. ZHONGGUO DANG DAI ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY PEDIATRICS 2018; 20:904-910. [PMID: 30477620 PMCID: PMC7389031 DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2018.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To find out the prevalence of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) genotypes in southern Zhejiang Province, China, and to study the genetic characteristics of G protein from subtype A of RSV. METHODS The lower respiratory tract secretions of children under 5 years of age who were hospitalized for pneumonia and bronchiolitis in three hospitals in southern Zhejiang Province from July 2009 to June 2014 were collected. Direct immunofluorescence assay was used to detect RSV antigens from the collected secretions. A total of 200 samples were randomly selected from RSV-positive specimens in each prevailing year (from July of a specific year to June of the next year). RT-PCR was used to determine RSV subtypes, and the near-full length gene sequence of G protein from subtype A was amplified and sequenced to identify the genotype. RESULTS A total of 25 449 samples of lower respiratory tract secretions were collected from 2009 to 2014, among which 6 416 (25.21%) samples were RSV-positive. Among the 1 000 RSV-positive specimens randomly sampled, 462 strains (46.2%) were subtype A, and 538 strains (53.8%) were subtype B. Subtype A accounted for 22.5%, 74.5%, 84.5%, 19.0%, and 30.5% of the total strains in each year from 2009 to 2014. A total of 25 RSV subtype A strains were randomly sampled and sent out for bidirectional sequencing in each year, which confirmed 52 positive subtype A strains. Four genotypes of subtype A strains were obtained from the above strains, including NA1 (39 strains), NA4 (1 strain), ON1 (10 strains), and GA2 (2 strains). NA1 was the dominant genotype between 2009 and 2012, and ON1 was the only genotype of subtype A during 2013-2014. The nucleotide homology and amino acid homology between the G protein of subtype A and the prototype strain A2 were 80.7%-89.3% and 74.4%-82.6%, respectively. The nucleotide homology and amino acid homology between the isolates of subtype A were 81.5%-100% and 80.2%-100%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS In southern Zhejiang Province from 2009 to 2014, there was a co-circulation of RSV subtypes A and B, as well as a co-circulation of several different genotypes of RSV subtype A, which had highly variable G protein genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Wei Dong
- Department of Pulmonology, Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China.
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