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Rarokar N, Yadav S, Saoji S, Bramhe P, Agade R, Gurav S, Khedekar P, Subramaniyan V, Wong LS, Kumarasamy V. Magnetic nanosystem a tool for targeted delivery and diagnostic application: Current challenges and recent advancement. Int J Pharm X 2024; 7:100231. [PMID: 38322276 PMCID: PMC10844979 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpx.2024.100231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Over the last two decades, researchers have paid more attention to magnetic nanosystems due to their wide application in diverse fields. The metal nanomaterials' antimicrobial and biocidal properties make them an essential nanosystem for biomedical applications. Moreover, the magnetic nanosystems could have also been used for diagnosis and treatment because of their magnetic, optical, and fluorescence properties. Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) and quantum dots (QDs) are the most widely used magnetic nanosystems prepared by a simple process. By surface modification, researchers have recently been working on conjugating metals like silica, copper, and gold with magnetic nanosystems. This hybridization of the nanosystems modifies the structural characteristics of the nanomaterials and helps to improve their efficacy for targeted drug and gene delivery. The hybridization of metals with various nanomaterials like micelles, cubosomes, liposomes, and polymeric nanomaterials is gaining more interest due to their nanometer size range and nontoxic, biocompatible nature. Moreover, they have good injectability and higher targeting ability by accumulation at the target site by application of an external magnetic field. The present article discussed the magnetic nanosystem in more detail regarding their structure, properties, interaction with the biological system, and diagnostic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilesh Rarokar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj University, Nagpur, Maharashtra 440033, India
- G H Raisoni Institute of Life Sciences, Shradha Park, Hingna MIDC, Nagpur 440016, India
| | - Sakshi Yadav
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj University, Nagpur, Maharashtra 440033, India
| | - Suprit Saoji
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj University, Nagpur, Maharashtra 440033, India
| | - Pratiksha Bramhe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj University, Nagpur, Maharashtra 440033, India
| | - Rishabh Agade
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj University, Nagpur, Maharashtra 440033, India
| | - Shailendra Gurav
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Goa College of Pharmacy, Panaji, Goa University, Goa 403 001, India
| | - Pramod Khedekar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj University, Nagpur, Maharashtra 440033, India
| | - Vetriselvan Subramaniyan
- Pharmacology Unit, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, MONASH University, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ling Shing Wong
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, INTI International University, Nilai 71800, Malaysia
| | - Vinoth Kumarasamy
- Department of Parasitology, Medical Entomology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Strain-Induced Self-Rolling of Electrochemically Deposited Co(OH)2 Films into Organic–Inorganic Microscrolls. CRYSTALS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst12081072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Strain-induced self-folding is a ubiquitous phenomenon in biology, but is rarely seen in brittle geological or synthetic inorganic materials. We here apply this concept for the preparation of three-dimensional free-standing microscrolls of cobalt hydroxide. Electrodeposition in the presence of structure-directing water-soluble polyelectrolytes interfering with solid precipitation is used to generate thin polymer/inorganic hybrid films, which undergo self-rolling upon drying. Mechanistically, we propose that heterogeneities with respect to the nanostructural motifs along the surface normal direction lead to substantial internal strain. A non-uniform response to the release of water then results in a bending motion of the two-dimensional Co(OH)2 layer accompanied by dewetting from the substrate. Pseudomorphic conversion into Co3O4 affords the possibility to generate hierarchically structured solids with inherent catalytic activity. Hence, we present an electrochemically controllable precipitation system, in which the biological concepts of organic matrix-directed mineralization and strain-induced self-rolling are combined and translated into a functional material.
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Jenewein C, Schupp SM, Ni B, Schmidt-Mende L, Cölfen H. Tuning the Electronic Properties of Mesocrystals. SMALL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/smsc.202200014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Jenewein
- Department of Chemistry University of Konstanz Universitätsstraße 10 78462 Konstanz Germany
| | - Stefan M. Schupp
- Department of Physics University of Konstanz Universitätsstraße 10 78462 Konstanz Germany
| | - Bing Ni
- Department of Chemistry University of Konstanz Universitätsstraße 10 78462 Konstanz Germany
| | - Lukas Schmidt-Mende
- Department of Physics University of Konstanz Universitätsstraße 10 78462 Konstanz Germany
| | - Helmut Cölfen
- Department of Chemistry University of Konstanz Universitätsstraße 10 78462 Konstanz Germany
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Jenewein C, Avaro J, Appel C, Liebi M, Cölfen H. Binäre 3D‐Mesokristalle aus anisotropen Nanopartikeln. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202112461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Jenewein
- Fachbereich Chemie Physikalische Chemie Universität Konstanz Universitätsstraße 10 Konstanz Deutschland
| | - Jonathan Avaro
- Zentrum für Röntgenanalytik Empa – Eidgenössische Forschungsanstalt für Materialwissenschaft und Technologie Lerchenfeldstrasse 5 9014 St. Gallen Schweiz
| | | | - Marianne Liebi
- Zentrum für Röntgenanalytik Empa – Eidgenössische Forschungsanstalt für Materialwissenschaft und Technologie Lerchenfeldstrasse 5 9014 St. Gallen Schweiz
- Fachbereich Physik Chalmers Universität für Technologie 41296 Göteborg Schweden
| | - Helmut Cölfen
- Fachbereich Chemie Physikalische Chemie Universität Konstanz Universitätsstraße 10 Konstanz Deutschland
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Jenewein C, Avaro J, Appel C, Liebi M, Cölfen H. 3D Binary Mesocrystals from Anisotropic Nanoparticles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202112461. [PMID: 34669241 PMCID: PMC9298807 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202112461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Binary mesocrystals offer the combination of nanocrystal properties in an ordered superstructure. Here, we demonstrate the simultaneous self-assembly of platinum and iron oxide nanocubes into micrometer-sized 3D mesocrystals using the gas-phase diffusion technique. By the addition of minor amounts of a secondary particle type tailored to nearly identical size, shape and surface chemistry, we were able to promote a random incorporation of foreign particles into a self-assembling host lattice. The random distribution of the binary particle types on the surface and within its bulk has been visualized using advanced transmission and scanning electron microscopy techniques. The 20-40 μm sized binary mesocrystals have been further characterized through wide and small angle scattering techniques to reveal a long-range ordering on the atomic scale throughout the crystal while showing clear evidence that the material consists of individual building blocks. Through careful adjustments of the crystallization parameters, we could further obtain a reverse superstructure, where incorporated particles and host lattice switch roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Jenewein
- Department of ChemistryPhysical ChemistryUniversity of KonstanzUniversitätsstrasse 10KonstanzGermany
| | - Jonathan Avaro
- Center for X-ray AnalyticsEmpa—Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and TechnologyLerchenfeldstrasse 59014St. GallenSwitzerland
| | | | - Marianne Liebi
- Center for X-ray AnalyticsEmpa—Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and TechnologyLerchenfeldstrasse 59014St. GallenSwitzerland
- Department of PhysicsChalmers University of Technology41296GothenburgSweden
| | - Helmut Cölfen
- Department of ChemistryPhysical ChemistryUniversity of KonstanzUniversitätsstrasse 10KonstanzGermany
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Jenewein C, Cölfen H. Mesocrystals from Platinum Nanocubes. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11082122. [PMID: 34443951 PMCID: PMC8398057 DOI: 10.3390/nano11082122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Platinum nanoparticles are widely known for their numerous electrochemical and catalytic applications. Enhanced or novel properties that may arise when ordering such particles in a highly defined manner, however, are still subject to ongoing research, as superstructure formation on the mesoscale is still a major challenge to be overcome. In this work, we therefore established a reproducible method to fabricate micrometer-sized superstructures from platinum nanocubes. Through small-angle X-ray scattering and electron diffraction methods we demonstrate that the obtained superstructures have a high degree of ordering up to the atomic scale and, therefore, fulfill all criteria of a mesocrystal. By changing the solvent and stabilizer in which the platinum nanocubes were dispersed, we were able to control the resulting crystal habit of the mesocrystals. Aside from mesocrystal fabrication, this method can be further utilized to purify nanoparticle dispersions by recrystallization with respect to narrowing down the particle size distribution and removing contaminations.
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Kampferbeck M, Klauke LR, Weller H, Vossmeyer T. Little Adjustments Significantly Simplify the Gram-Scale Synthesis of High-Quality Iron Oxide Nanocubes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:9851-9857. [PMID: 34343009 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c01456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This work presents a facile one-step protocol for the gram-scale synthesis of iron oxide nanocubes with adjustable sizes ranging from 13 to 20 nm and with size distributions between 7 and 12%. As X-ray diffraction indicated the initial formation of the wüstite phase, a formation mechanism of the nanocubes based on the wüstite crystal structure is proposed. When exposed to ambient conditions, the nanoparticles rapidly oxidize to magnetite/maghemite with a remaining wüstite core. The cubic morphology is attributed to the thermodynamic stability of the exposed {100} facets and the control over the growth rate via the use of a sodium oleate/oleic acid mixed ligand system. In contrast to previously reported procedures, the described synthetic approach does not require the initial preparation and isolation of iron oleate. Therefore, the amount of work and the consumption of hazardous solvents are significantly reduced. Thus, the method presented is much more efficient and environmentally more friendly while maintaining excellent control over the particles' shape, size, and size distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Kampferbeck
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, Hamburg D-20146, Germany
| | - Lea R Klauke
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, Hamburg D-20146, Germany
| | - Horst Weller
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, Hamburg D-20146, Germany
- Center for Applied Nanotechnology CAN, Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research IAP, Grindelallee 117, Hamburg D-20146, Germany
| | - Tobias Vossmeyer
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, Hamburg D-20146, Germany
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8
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Soran-Erdem Z, Sharma VK, Hernandez-Martinez PL, Demir HV. Tailored Synthesis of Iron Oxide Nanocrystals for Formation of Cuboid Mesocrystals. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:20351-20360. [PMID: 34395983 PMCID: PMC8358947 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c02322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we systematically studied the shape- and size-controlled monodisperse synthesis of iron oxide nanocrystals (IONCs) for their use as building blocks in the formation of mesocrystals. For this aim, on understanding the influence of the oleic acid concentration, iron-oleate concentration, and heating rate on the synthesis of robust and reproducible IONCs with desired sizes and shapes, we synthesized highly monodisperse ∼11 nm sized nanocubes and nanospheres. Magnetic measurements of both cubic and spherical IONCs revealed the presence of mixed paramagnetic and superparamagnetic phases in these nanocrystals. Moreover, we observed that the magnetic moments of the nanocubes are more substantial compared to their spherical counterparts. We then demonstrated a simple magnetic-field-assisted assembly of nanocubes into three-dimensional (3D) cuboid mesocrystals while nanospheres did not form any mesocrystals. These findings indicate that small cubic nanocrystals hold great promise as potential building blocks of 3D magnetic hierarchical structures with their superior magnetic properties and mesocrystal assembly capability, which may have high relevance in various fields ranging from high-density data storage to biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeliha Soran-Erdem
- Department
of Engineering Sciences, Abdullah Gul University, Kayseri 38080, Turkey
- UNAM-National
Nanotechnology Research Center and Institute of Materials Science
and Nanotechnology, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering,
Department of Physics, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Vijay Kumar Sharma
- LUMINOUS!
Center of Excellence for Semiconductor Lighting and Displays, School
of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Physical and Mathematical
Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
- UNAM-National
Nanotechnology Research Center and Institute of Materials Science
and Nanotechnology, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering,
Department of Physics, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Pedro Ludwig Hernandez-Martinez
- LUMINOUS!
Center of Excellence for Semiconductor Lighting and Displays, School
of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Physical and Mathematical
Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
- UNAM-National
Nanotechnology Research Center and Institute of Materials Science
and Nanotechnology, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering,
Department of Physics, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Hilmi Volkan Demir
- LUMINOUS!
Center of Excellence for Semiconductor Lighting and Displays, School
of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Physical and Mathematical
Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
- UNAM-National
Nanotechnology Research Center and Institute of Materials Science
and Nanotechnology, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering,
Department of Physics, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
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Carnis J, Kirner F, Lapkin D, Sturm S, Kim YY, Baburin IA, Khubbutdinov R, Ignatenko A, Iashina E, Mistonov A, Steegemans T, Wieck T, Gemming T, Lubk A, Lazarev S, Sprung M, Vartanyants IA, Sturm EV. Exploring the 3D structure and defects of a self-assembled gold mesocrystal by coherent X-ray diffraction imaging. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:10425-10435. [PMID: 34028473 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr01806j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Mesocrystals are nanostructured materials consisting of individual nanocrystals having a preferred crystallographic orientation. On mesoscopic length scales, the properties of mesocrystals are strongly affected by structural heterogeneity. Here, we report the detailed structural characterization of a faceted mesocrystal grain self-assembled from 60 nm sized gold nanocubes. Using coherent X-ray diffraction imaging, we determined the structure of the mesocrystal with the resolution sufficient to resolve each gold nanoparticle. The reconstructed electron density of the gold mesocrystal reveals its intrinsic structural heterogeneity, including local deviations of lattice parameters, and the presence of internal defects. The strain distribution shows that the average superlattice obtained by angular X-ray cross-correlation analysis and the real, "multidomain" structure of a mesocrystal are very close to each other, with a deviation less than 10%. These results will provide an important impact to understanding the fundamental principles of structuring and self-assembly including ensuing properties of mesocrystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome Carnis
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Felizitas Kirner
- University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany.
| | - Dmitry Lapkin
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Sebastian Sturm
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Young Yong Kim
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany.
| | | | - Ruslan Khubbutdinov
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany. and National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Kashirskoe shosse 31, 115409 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexandr Ignatenko
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Ekaterina Iashina
- Saint-Petersburg State University, University Embankment 7/9, 199034 St Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alexander Mistonov
- Saint-Petersburg State University, University Embankment 7/9, 199034 St Petersburg, Russia
| | | | - Thomas Wieck
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas Gemming
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Axel Lubk
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Sergey Lazarev
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany. and National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University (TPU), pr. Lenina 30, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Michael Sprung
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Ivan A Vartanyants
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany. and National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Kashirskoe shosse 31, 115409 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena V Sturm
- University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany.
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Deng K, Luo Z, Tan L, Quan Z. Self-assembly of anisotropic nanoparticles into functional superstructures. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:6002-6038. [PMID: 32692337 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00541j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Self-assembly of colloidal nanoparticles (NPs) into superstructures offers a flexible and promising pathway to manipulate the nanometer-sized particles and thus make full use of their unique properties. This bottom-up strategy builds a bridge between the NP regime and a new class of transformative materials across multiple length scales for technological applications. In this field, anisotropic NPs with size- and shape-dependent physical properties as self-assembly building blocks have long fascinated scientists. Self-assembly of anisotropic NPs not only opens up exciting opportunities to engineer a variety of intriguing and complex superlattice architectures, but also provides access to discover emergent collective properties that stem from their ordered arrangement. Thus, this has stimulated enormous research interests in both fundamental science and technological applications. This present review comprehensively summarizes the latest advances in this area, and highlights their rich packing behaviors from the viewpoint of NP shape. We provide the basics of the experimental techniques to produce NP superstructures and structural characterization tools, and detail the delicate assembled structures. Then the current understanding of the assembly dynamics is discussed with the assistance of in situ studies, followed by emergent collective properties from these NP assemblies. Finally, we end this article with the remaining challenges and outlook, hoping to encourage further research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerong Deng
- Department of Chemistry, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Technologies, Ministry of Education, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China.
| | - Zhishan Luo
- Department of Chemistry, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Technologies, Ministry of Education, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China.
| | - Li Tan
- Department of Chemistry, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Technologies, Ministry of Education, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China.
| | - Zewei Quan
- Department of Chemistry, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Technologies, Ministry of Education, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China.
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