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Alfonso-Moro M, Guisset V, David P, Canals B, Coraux J, Rougemaille N. Geometrical Frustration, Correlated Disorder, and Emerging Order in a Corrugated C_{60} Monolayer. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:186201. [PMID: 37977638 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.186201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Under certain experimental conditions, the deposition of C_{60} molecules onto an atomically flat copper surface gives rise to the formation of corrugated islands. This corrugation, which reflects a molecular displacement perpendicular to the surface plane, presents an astonishing pattern: It is well described by a frustrated Ising spin Hamiltonian whose thermodynamics is compatible with a spin liquid about to transit toward an ordered zigzag state. Here we study the statistical properties of such a molecular corrugation using a structure factor analysis, a tool generally employed in frustrated magnetism. More specifically, the real and reciprocal space analysis of pairwise molecule correlations allows us to demonstrate that the C_{60}/Cu system, in which magnetism is totally absent, has all the characteristics of a triangular Ising antiferromagnet. Our results indicate that the organization of two-dimensional matter, at the molecular length scale, sometimes turns out to be particularly close to that encountered in highly frustrated magnets.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Alfonso-Moro
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Institut Néel, Grenoble 38000, France
| | - V Guisset
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Institut Néel, Grenoble 38000, France
| | - P David
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Institut Néel, Grenoble 38000, France
| | - B Canals
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Institut Néel, Grenoble 38000, France
| | - J Coraux
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Institut Néel, Grenoble 38000, France
| | - N Rougemaille
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Institut Néel, Grenoble 38000, France
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2
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Wang Z, Tao M, Yang D, Li Z, Shi M, Sun K, Yang J, Wang J. Strain-Relief Patterns and Kagome Lattice in Self-Assembled C 60 Thin Films Grown on Cd(0001). Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22136880. [PMID: 34206862 PMCID: PMC8268109 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We report an ultra-high vacuum low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) study of the C60 monolayer grown on Cd(0001). Individual C60 molecules adsorbed on Cd(0001) may exhibit a bright or dim contrast in STM images. When deposited at low temperatures close to 100 K, C60 thin films present a curved structure to release strain due to dominant molecule–substrate interactions. Moreover, edge dislocation appears when two different wavy structures encounter each other, which has seldomly been observed in molecular self-assembly. When growth temperature rose, we found two forms of symmetric kagome lattice superstructures, 2 × 2 and 4 × 4, at room temperature (RT) and 310 K, respectively. The results provide new insight into the growth behavior of C60 films.
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Wang YR, Tao ML, Chao-Ke M, Wang ZL, Yang DX, Shi MX, Sun K, Yang JY, Wang JZ. Structure transition of a C 60 monolayer on the Bi(111) surface. RSC Adv 2021; 11:14148-14153. [PMID: 35423925 PMCID: PMC8697672 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra00900a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The interfacial structures of C60 molecules adsorbed on solid surfaces are essential for a wide range of scientific and technological processes in carbon-based nanodevices. Here, we report structural transitions of the C60 monolayer on the Bi(111) surface studied via low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). With an increase in temperature, the structure of the C60 monolayer transforms from local-order structures to a (√93 × √93) R20° superstructure, and then to a (11 × 11) R0° superstructure. Moreover, the individual C60 molecules in different superstructures have different orientations. C60 molecules adopt the 6 : 6 C–C bond and 5 : 6 C–C bond facing-up, mixed orientations, and hexagon facing-up in the local-order structure, (√93 × √93) R20°, and (11 × 11) R0° superstructure, respectively. These results shed important light on the growth mechanism of C60 molecules on solid surfaces. With the increase in temperature, the structure of the C60 monolayer on the Bi(111) substrate transforms from local-order structures to a (√93 × √93) R20° superstructure, and then to a (11 × 11) R0° superstructure.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ru Wang
- School of Physical Science and Technology
- Southwest University
- Chongqing
- China
| | - Min-Long Tao
- School of Physical Science and Technology
- Southwest University
- Chongqing
- China
| | - Ma Chao-Ke
- School of Physical Science and Technology
- Southwest University
- Chongqing
- China
| | - Zi-Long Wang
- School of Physical Science and Technology
- Southwest University
- Chongqing
- China
| | - Da-Xiao Yang
- School of Physical Science and Technology
- Southwest University
- Chongqing
- China
| | - Ming-Xia Shi
- School of Physical Science and Technology
- Southwest University
- Chongqing
- China
| | - Kai Sun
- School of Physical Science and Technology
- Southwest University
- Chongqing
- China
| | - Ji-Yong Yang
- School of Physical Science and Technology
- Southwest University
- Chongqing
- China
| | - Jun-Zhong Wang
- School of Physical Science and Technology
- Southwest University
- Chongqing
- China
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4
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Shang Y, Wang Z, Yang D, Wang Y, Ma C, Tao M, Sun K, Yang J, Wang J. Orientation Ordering and Chiral Superstructures in Fullerene Monolayer on Cd (0001). NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10071305. [PMID: 32635309 PMCID: PMC7407170 DOI: 10.3390/nano10071305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The structure of C60 thin films grown on Cd (0001) surface has been investigated from submonolayer to second monolayer regimes with a low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). There are different C60 domains with various misorientation angles relative to the lattice directions of Cd (0001). In the (2√3 × 2√3) R30° domain, orientational disorder of the individual C60 molecules with either pentagon, hexagon, or 6:6 bond facing up has been observed. However, orientation ordering appeared in the R26° domain such that all the C60 molecules adopt the same orientation with the 6:6 bond facing up. In particular, complex chiral motifs composed of seven C60 molecules with clockwise or anticlockwise handedness have been observed in the R4° and R8° domains, respectively. Scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS) measurements reveal a reduced HOMO–LOMO gap of 2.1 eV for the C60 molecules adsorbed on Cd (0001) due to the substrate screening and charge transfer from Cd to C60 molecules.
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Paßens M, Karthäuser S. Rotational switches in the two-dimensional fullerene quasicrystal. Acta Crystallogr A Found Adv 2019; 75:41-49. [PMID: 30575582 PMCID: PMC6302930 DOI: 10.1107/s2053273318015681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the essential components of molecular electronic circuits are switching elements that are stable in two different states and can ideally be switched on and off many times. Here, distinct buckminsterfullerenes within a self-assembled monolayer, forming a two-dimensional dodecagonal quasicrystal on a Pt-terminated Pt3Ti(111) surface, are identified to form well separated molecular rotational switching elements. Employing scanning tunneling microscopy, the molecular-orbital appearance of the fullerenes in the quasicrystalline monolayer is resolved. Thus, fullerenes adsorbed on the 36 vertex configuration are identified to exhibit a distinctly increased mobility. In addition, this finding is verified by differential conductance measurements. The rotation of these mobile fullerenes can be triggered frequently by applied voltage pulses, while keeping the neighboring molecules immobile. An extensive analysis reveals that crystallographic and energetic constraints at the molecule/metal interface induce an inequality of the local potentials for the 36 and 32.4.3.4 vertex sites and this accounts for the switching ability of fullerenes on the 36 vertex sites. Consequently, a local area of the 8/3 approximant in the two-dimensional fullerene quasicrystal consists of single rotational switching fullerenes embedded in a matrix of inert molecules. Furthermore, it is deduced that optimization of the intermolecular interactions between neighboring fullerenes hinders the realization of translational periodicity in the fullerene monolayer on the Pt-terminated Pt3Ti(111) surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Paßens
- Peter Grünberg Institut (PGI-7) and JARA-FIT, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich 52425, Germany
| | - S. Karthäuser
- Peter Grünberg Institut (PGI-7) and JARA-FIT, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich 52425, Germany
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Paßens M, Caciuc V, Atodiresei N, Feuerbacher M, Moors M, Dunin-Borkowski RE, Blügel S, Waser R, Karthäuser S. Interface-driven formation of a two-dimensional dodecagonal fullerene quasicrystal. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15367. [PMID: 28530242 PMCID: PMC5458153 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Since their discovery, quasicrystals have attracted continuous research interest due to their unique structural and physical properties. Recently, it was demonstrated that dodecagonal quasicrystals could be used as bandgap materials in next-generation photonic devices. However, a full understanding of the formation mechanism of quasicrystals is necessary to control their physical properties. Here we report the formation of a two-dimensional dodecagonal fullerene quasicrystal on a Pt3Ti(111) surface, which can be described in terms of a square–triangle tiling. Employing density functional theory calculations, we identify the complex adsorption energy landscape of the Pt-terminated Pt3Ti surface that is responsible for the quasicrystal formation. We demonstrate the presence of quasicrystal-specific phason strain, which provides the degree of freedom required to accommodate the quasicrystalline structure on the periodic substrate. Our results reveal detailed insight into an interface-driven formation mechanism and open the way to the creation of tailored fullerene quasicrystals with specific physical properties. Quasicrystals promise exciting technological advances in optical devices, but their formation mechanism is yet not fully understood. Here, the authors describe a two-dimensional dodecagonal fullerene quasicrystal, forming on a Pt3Ti(111)-surface due to the complex adsorption-energy landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Paßens
- Peter Grünberg Institut (PGI-7) and JARA-FIT, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - V Caciuc
- Peter Grünberg Institut (PGI-1) and Institute for Advanced Simulation (IAS-1), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - N Atodiresei
- Peter Grünberg Institut (PGI-1) and Institute for Advanced Simulation (IAS-1), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - M Feuerbacher
- Peter Grünberg Institut (PGI-5) and Ernst Ruska-Centre for Microscopy and Spectroscopy with Electrons (ER-C), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - M Moors
- Peter Grünberg Institut (PGI-7) and JARA-FIT, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - R E Dunin-Borkowski
- Peter Grünberg Institut (PGI-5) and Ernst Ruska-Centre for Microscopy and Spectroscopy with Electrons (ER-C), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - S Blügel
- Peter Grünberg Institut (PGI-1) and Institute for Advanced Simulation (IAS-1), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - R Waser
- Peter Grünberg Institut (PGI-7) and JARA-FIT, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany.,IWE2 and JARA-FIT, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - S Karthäuser
- Peter Grünberg Institut (PGI-7) and JARA-FIT, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
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Chutora T, Redondo J, de la Torre B, Švec M, Jelínek P, Vázquez H. Stable Au-C bonds to the substrate for fullerene-based nanostructures. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 8:1073-1079. [PMID: 28685108 PMCID: PMC5480335 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.8.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We report on the formation of fullerene-derived nanostructures on Au(111) at room temperature and under UHV conditions. After low-energy ion sputtering of fullerene films deposited on Au(111), bright spots appear at the herringbone corner sites when measured using a scanning tunneling microscope. These features are stable at room temperature against diffusion on the surface. We carry out DFT calculations of fullerene molecules having one missing carbon atom to simulate the vacancies in the molecules resulting from the sputtering process. These modified fullerenes have an adsorption energy on the Au(111) surface that is 1.6 eV higher than that of C60 molecules. This increased binding energy arises from the saturation by the Au surface of the bonds around the molecular vacancy defect. We therefore interpret the observed features as adsorbed fullerene-derived molecules with C vacancies. This provides a pathway for the formation of fullerene-based nanostructures on Au at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taras Chutora
- Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Cukrovarnicka 10, Prague, Czech Republic
- Palacký University, RCPTM, Joint Laboratory of Optics, 17. listopadu 12, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jesús Redondo
- Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Cukrovarnicka 10, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Bruno de la Torre
- Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Cukrovarnicka 10, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Švec
- Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Cukrovarnicka 10, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Jelínek
- Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Cukrovarnicka 10, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Héctor Vázquez
- Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Cukrovarnicka 10, Prague, Czech Republic
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8
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Fujii S, Ziatdinov M, Higashibayashi S, Sakurai H, Kiguchi M. Bowl Inversion and Electronic Switching of Buckybowls on Gold. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:12142-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b04741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shintaro Fujii
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 W4-10 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8511, Japan
| | - Maxim Ziatdinov
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 W4-10 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8511, Japan
| | - Shuhei Higashibayashi
- Research Center of Integrative Molecular Systems, Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
| | - Hidehiro Sakurai
- Division
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1
Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Manabu Kiguchi
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 W4-10 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8511, Japan
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