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Two Novel Rare Earth Coordination Polymers Derived from Zwitterionic 1,3-Bis(1-carboxylatoethyl)imidazolium Bromide: Structures and Magnetic Properties. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.131665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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2
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Wei W, Zhang X, Lu L, Feng S. Novel 2D isomorphic lanthanide complexes based on a bifunctional 5-(pyridin-3-yloxy)isophthalic acid: synthesis, structure, fluorescence and magnetic properties. CrystEngComm 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2ce00626j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The Tb(iii)-complex can be used as a multifunctional luminescent sensor presenting visual quenching responses towards acetone, Fe3+ and CrO42− in aqueous solution with high sensitivity and low detection limits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Wei
- Institute of Molecular Science, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of the Education Ministry, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Science, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of the Education Ministry, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, People's Republic of China
| | - Liping Lu
- Institute of Molecular Science, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of the Education Ministry, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, People's Republic of China
| | - Sisi Feng
- Institute of Molecular Science, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of the Education Ministry, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage of Shanxi Province, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, People's Republic of China
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Wang Y, Chang JP, Xu R, Bai S, Wang D, Yang GP, Sun LY, Li P, Han YF. N-Heterocyclic carbenes and their precursors in functionalised porous materials. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:13559-13586. [PMID: 34783804 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00296a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Though N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) have emerged as diverse and powerful discrete functional molecules in pharmaceutics, nanotechnology, and catalysis over decades, the heterogenization of NHCs and their precursors for broader applications in porous materials, like metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), porous coordination polymers (PCPs), covalent-organic frameworks (COFs), porous organic polymers (POPs), and porous organometallic cages (POMCs) was not extensively studied until the last ten years. By de novo or post-synthetic modification (PSM) methods, myriads of NHCs and their precursors containing building blocks were designed and integrated into MOFs, PCPs, COFs, POPs and POMCs to form various structures and porosities. Functionalisation with NHCs and their precursors significantly expands the scope of the potential applications of porous materials by tuning the pore surface chemical/physical properties, providing active sites for binding guest molecules and substrates and realizing recyclability. In this review, we summarise and discuss the recent progress on the synthetic methods, structural features, and promising applications of NHCs and their precursors in functionalised porous materials. At the end, a brief perspective on the encouraging future prospects and challenges in this contemporary field is presented. This review will serve as a guide for researchers to design and synthesize more novel porous materials functionalised with NHCs and their precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China.
| | - Jin-Ping Chang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, P. R. China.
| | - Rui Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China.
| | - Sha Bai
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, P. R. China.
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China.
| | - Guo-Ping Yang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, P. R. China.
| | - Li-Ying Sun
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, P. R. China.
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China.
| | - Ying-Feng Han
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, P. R. China.
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Wei WW, Lu LP, Feng SS, Zhu ML, Englert U. Synthesis, structure and magnetocaloric properties of a new two-dimensional gadolinium(III) coordination polymer based on azobenzene-2,2',3,3'-tetracarboxylic acid. Acta Crystallogr C Struct Chem 2021; 77:591-598. [PMID: 34607981 PMCID: PMC8491096 DOI: 10.1107/s2053229621008871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A new Gd3+ coordination polymer (CP), namely, poly[diaqua[μ4-1'-carboxy-3,3'-(diazene-1,2-diyl)dibenzene-1,2,2'-tricarboxylato]gadolinium(III)], [Gd(C16H7N2O8)(H2O)2]n, (I), has been synthesized hydrothermally from Gd(NO3)3·6H2O and azobenzene-2,2',3,3'-tetracarboxylic acid (H4abtc). The target solid has been characterized by single-crystal and powder X-ray diffraction, elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy and susceptibility measurements. CP (I) crystallizes in the monoclinic space group C2/c. The structure features a 4-connected topology in which Gd3+ ions are connected by carboxylate groups into a linear chain along the monoclinic symmetry direction. Adjacent one-dimensional aggregates are bridged by Habtc3- ligands to form a two-dimensional CP in the (10-1) plane. A very short hydrogen bond [O...O = 2.4393 (4) Å] links neighbouring layers into a three-dimensional network. A magnetic study revealed antiferromagnetic Gd...Gd coupling within the chain direction. CP (I) displays a significant magnetocaloric effect (MCE), with a maximum -ΔSm of 27.26 J kg-1 K-1 for ΔH = 7 T at 3.0 K. As the MCE in (I) exceeds that of the commercial magnetic refrigerant GGG (Gd3Ga5O12, -ΔSm = 24 J kg-1 K-1, ΔH = 30 kG), CP (I) can be regarded as a potential cryogenic material for low-temperature magnetic refrigeration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Wen Wei
- Institute of Molecular Science, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of the Education Ministry, Shanxi University, 92 Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li-Ping Lu
- Institute of Molecular Science, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of the Education Ministry, Shanxi University, 92 Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Si-Si Feng
- Institute of Molecular Science, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of the Education Ministry, Shanxi University, 92 Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Miao-Li Zhu
- Institute of Molecular Science, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of the Education Ministry, Shanxi University, 92 Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ulli Englert
- Institute of Molecular Science, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of the Education Ministry, Shanxi University, 92 Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg. 1, Aachen 52074, Germany
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5
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Sun H, Liu M, Fu X, Xin T, Wang Y, Wang S, Wang J, Diao Y, Yang F, Zhang T. Solvothermal Synthesis and Conformation Probe of Novel Europium Complex of Brønsted Acidic Ionic Liquid: 1,3‐
Bis
(1‐carboxylatoethyl)imidazolium Bromide. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.202100058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Sun
- Department of Chemistry Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing 100048 China
| | - Mengchen Liu
- Department of Chemistry Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing 100048 China
| | - Xiaofang Fu
- Department of Chemistry Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing 100048 China
| | - Tingting Xin
- Department of Chemistry Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing 100048 China
| | - Yibo Wang
- Department of Chemistry Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing 100048 China
| | - Si Wang
- Analysis and Test Center of Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
| | - Jing Wang
- School of Food and Health Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing 100048 China
| | - Yanyan Diao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Feifei Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Chemistry Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing 100048 China
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Mara D, Kaczmarek AM, Artizzu F, Abalymov A, Skirtach AG, Van Hecke K, Van Deun R. Luminescent PMMA Films and PMMA@SiO 2 Nanoparticles with Embedded Ln 3+ Complexes for Highly Sensitive Optical Thermometers in the Physiological Temperature Range*. Chemistry 2021; 27:6479-6488. [PMID: 33476058 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202004951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, luminescent materials doped with Ln3+ ions have attracted much attention for their application as optical thermometers based on both downshifting and upconversion processes. This study presents research done on the development of highly sensitive optical thermometers in the physiological temperature range based on poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) films doped with two series of visible Ln3+ complexes (Ln3+ =Tb3+ , Eu3+ , and Sm3+ ) and SiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) coated with these PMMA films. The best performing PMMA film doped with Tb3+ and Eu3+ complexes was the PMMA[TbEuL1 tppo]1 film (L1 =4,4,4-trifluoro-1-phenyl-1,3-butadionate; tppo=triphenylphosphine oxide), which showed good temperature sensing of Sr =4.21 % K-1 at 313 K, whereas for the PMMA films doped with Tb3+ and Sm3+ complexes the best performing was the PMMA[TbSmL2 tppo]3 film (L2 =4,4,4-trifluoro-1-(4-chlorophenyl)-1,3-butadionate), with Sr =3.64 % K-1 at 313 K. Additionally, SiO2 NPs coated with the best performing films from each of the series of PMMA films (Tb-Eu and Tb-Sm) and their temperature-sensing properties were studied in water, showing excellent performance in the physiological temperature range (PMMA[TbEuL1 tppo]1@SiO2 : Sr =3.84 % °C at 20 °C; PMMA[TbSmL2 tppo]3@SiO2 : Sr =3.27 % °C at 20 °C) and the toxicity of these nanoparticles on human cells was studied, showing that they were nontoxic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrije Mara
- Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Anna M Kaczmarek
- Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Flavia Artizzu
- Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Anatolii Abalymov
- Department of Biotechnology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.,Educational Research Institute of Nanostructure and Biosystems, Saratov State University, Saratov, 410012, Russia
| | - Andre G Skirtach
- Department of Biotechnology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kristof Van Hecke
- Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Rik Van Deun
- Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
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7
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Zhang HT, Ma L, Han MR, Feng SS, Zhu ML. A one-dimensional chiral gadolinium complex based on a tartaric acid derivative: crystal structure, thermal behavior and magnetic properties. INORG NANO-MET CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/24701556.2020.1862211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Han-tao Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Science, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of the Education Ministry, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, P. R. China
| | - Ling Ma
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jinzhong University, Jinzhong, Shanxi, P. R. China
| | - Mei-rong Han
- Institute of Molecular Science, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of the Education Ministry, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, P. R. China
| | - Si-si Feng
- Institute of Molecular Science, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of the Education Ministry, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage of Shanxi Province, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, P. R. China
| | - Miao-li Zhu
- Institute of Molecular Science, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of the Education Ministry, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage of Shanxi Province, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, P. R. China
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Vialtsev MB, Dalinger AI, Latipov EV, Lepnev LS, Kushnir SE, Vatsadze SZ, Utochnikova VV. New approach to increase the sensitivity of Tb-Eu-based luminescent thermometer. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:25450-25454. [PMID: 33170195 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp04909c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The formation of trimetallic terbium-europium-gadolinium complexes was proposed as an approach to increase the sensitivity of the corresponding terbium-europium complexes for temperature measurement due to the suppression of multiphotonic emission. This approach results in over a 2-fold increase of the sensitivity of Eu-Tb carboxylate, which reached 5.3% K-1 in the physiological range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail B Vialtsev
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1, build. 3, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation.
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Wang Y, Fu X, Liu S, Yang F, Wang J, Pan Y, Lu C, Xin T, Zhang T. A new gadolinium complex with 1, 3-bis (carboxymethyl) imidazolium chloride ionic liquid: Solvothermal synthesis, structure and magnetic properties. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.128340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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11
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Taubert A, Leroux F, Rabu P, de Zea Bermudez V. Advanced hybrid nanomaterials. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 10:2563-2567. [PMID: 31921535 PMCID: PMC6941402 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.10.247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Taubert
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24–25, D-14476 Potsdam OT Golm, Germany
| | - Fabrice Leroux
- Chemical Institute of Clermont-Ferrand, UMR CNRS 6296, University Clermont Auvergne, 24 av. Blaise Pascal, Aubière, France
| | - Pierre Rabu
- Institute of Physics and Chemistry of Materials of Strasbourg, CNRS-University of Strasbourg, 23, rue du Loess, BP43, Strasbourg cedex 2, France
| | - Verónica de Zea Bermudez
- Departamento de Química - Escola de Ciências da Vida e do Ambiente, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
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12
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Han MR, Li SD, Ma L, Yao B, Feng SS, Zhu ML. Luminescent and magnetic bifunctional coordination complex based on a chiral tartaric acid derivative and europium. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION C-STRUCTURAL CHEMISTRY 2019; 75:1220-1227. [DOI: 10.1107/s205322961901060x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A new mononuclear europium complex incorporating the (+)-di-p-toluoyl-D-tartaric acid (D-H2DTTA) ligand, namely, catena-poly[tris{μ2-3-carboxy-2,3-bis[(4-methylphenyl)carbonyloxy]propanoato}tris(methanol)europium(III)], [Eu(C20H17O8)3(CH3OH)3]
n
, (I), has been synthesized and characterized by IR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, powder X-ray diffraction and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The structure analysis indicates that complex (I) crystallizes in the trigonal space group R3 and exhibits an infinite one-dimensional chain structure, in which the Eu3+ ion is surrounded by six O atoms from six D-HDTTA− ligands and three O atoms from three coordinated methanol molecules, thus forming a tricapped trigonal prism geometry. The D-H2DTTA ligand is partially deprotonated and adopts a μ1,6-coordination mode via two carboxylate groups to link adjacent Eu3+ ions, affording an infinite one-dimensional propeller-shaped coordination polymer chain along the c axis, with an Eu...Eu distance of 7.622 (1) Å. Moreover, C—H...π interactions lead to the formation of helical chains running along the c axis and the whole structure displays a snowflake pattern in the ab plane. The circular dichroism spectrum confirms the chirality of complex (I). The solid-state photoluminescence properties were also investigated at room temperature and (I) exhibits characteristic red emission bands derived from the Eu3+ ion (CIE 0.63, 0.32), with a reasonably long lifetime of 0.394 ms, indicating effective energy transfer from the ligand to the metal centre. In addition, a magnetic investigation reveals single-ion magnetic behaviour. The spin-orbit coupling parameter (λ) between the ground and excited states is fitted to be 360 (2) cm−1 through Zeeman perturbation. Therefore, complex (I) may be regarded as a chiral optical-magneto bifunctional material.
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Han MR, Zhang HT, Wang JN, Feng SS, Lu LP. Three chiral one-dimensional lanthanide–ditoluoyl-tartrate bifunctional polymers exhibiting luminescence and magnetic behaviors. RSC Adv 2019; 9:32288-32295. [PMID: 35530802 PMCID: PMC9072961 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra06920h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Since Ln-CPs have excellent optical properties (higher color purity, longer fluorescence lifetime and higher quantum yield) and magnetic properties, it is of great significance to prepare dual magneto-optical materials based on Ln(iii). Herein, we obtained three versatile Ln-CPs, [Ln(HDTTA)3(CH3OH)3]n, derived from reactions of lanthanide salts (Ln = Tb 1, Dy 2, Ho 3) and a chiral and flexible ligand, namely, (+)-di-p-toluoyl-d-tartaric acid (d-H2DTTA) in a methanol–water solution, at room temperature and pressure. The structures of these compounds have been characterized by single crystal and powder X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, elemental analyses and thermogravimetric analyses. Complexes 1–3 are isomorphic, crystallizing in the chiral trigonal R3 space group with the linkage of Ln3+ ions and featuring 1D propeller chain structures. The circular dichroism spectra confirm that the complexes maintain the chirality from the ligands. Furthermore, the luminescent and magnetic properties have been investigated, relying on intrinsic properties of the lanthanide ions. The photoluminescence measurements indicate that 1, 2 and 3 show strong green, white and blue emission bands with CIE chromaticity coordinates of (0.32, 0.56), (0.29, 0.26) and (0.21, 0.12), respectively. The decay lifetime curve of 1 shows the exponential decay with long lifetime of 1.169 ms and the relative quantum yield for 1 was 19.31%. In addition, the magnetic properties of complexes 1–3 have been investigated by measuring the magnetic susceptibility in the temperature range of 2–300 K. They are all dominated by spin–orbit coupling and ligand field perturbation, and the exchange coupling between Ln3+ ions is almost negligible. Therefore, complexes 1–3 are promising chiral, optical and magnetic multifunctional materials. Self-assembly of three chiral one-dimensional Ln-CPs with luminescence and magnetic behaviors.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-rong Han
- Institute of Molecular Science
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of the Education Ministry
- Shanxi University
- Taiyuan
- P. R. China
| | - Han-tao Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Science
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of the Education Ministry
- Shanxi University
- Taiyuan
- P. R. China
| | - Jia-nan Wang
- Institute of Molecular Science
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of the Education Ministry
- Shanxi University
- Taiyuan
- P. R. China
| | - Si-si Feng
- Institute of Molecular Science
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of the Education Ministry
- Shanxi University
- Taiyuan
- P. R. China
| | - Li-ping Lu
- Institute of Molecular Science
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of the Education Ministry
- Shanxi University
- Taiyuan
- P. R. China
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