1
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Wojtczak K, Byrne JP. Structural considerations for building synthetic glycoconjugates as inhibitors for Pseudomonas aeruginosa lectins. ChemMedChem 2022; 17:e202200081. [PMID: 35426976 PMCID: PMC9321714 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202200081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a pathogenic bacterium, responsible for a large portion of nosocomial infections globally and designated as critical priority by the World Health Organisation. Its characteristic carbohydrate‐binding proteins LecA and LecB, which play a role in biofilm‐formation and lung‐infection, can be targeted by glycoconjugates. Here we review the wide range of inhibitors for these proteins (136 references), highlighting structural features and which impact binding affinity and/or therapeutic effects, including carbohydrate selection; linker length and rigidity; and scaffold topology, particularly for multivalent candidates. We also discuss emerging therapeutic strategies, which build on targeting of LecA and LecB, such as anti‐biofilm activity, anti‐adhesion and drug‐delivery, with promising prospects for medicinal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Wojtczak
- National University of Ireland Galway School of Biological and Chemical Sciences University Road H91 TK33 Galway IRELAND
| | - Joseph Peter Byrne
- National University of Ireland Galway School of Chemistry University Road H91 TK33 Galway IRELAND
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2
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Chen F, Zhang J, Ji HJ, Kim MK, Kim KW, Choi JI, Han SH, Lim S, Seo HS, Ahn KB. Deinococcus radiodurans Exopolysaccharide Inhibits Staphylococcus aureus Biofilm Formation. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:712086. [PMID: 35002990 PMCID: PMC8739996 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.712086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Deinococcus radiodurans is an extremely resistant bacterium against extracellular stress owing to on its unique physiological functions and the structure of its cellular constituents. Interestingly, it has been reported that the pattern of alteration in Deinococcus proportion on the skin is negatively correlated with skin inflammatory diseases, whereas the proportion of Staphylococcus aureus was increased in patients with chronic skin inflammatory diseases. However, the biological mechanisms of deinococcal interactions with other skin commensal bacteria have not been studied. In this study, we hypothesized that deinococcal cellular constituents play a pivotal role in preventing S. aureus colonization by inhibiting biofilm formation. To prove this, we first isolated cellular constituents, such as exopolysaccharide (DeinoPol), cell wall (DeinoWall), and cell membrane (DeinoMem), from D. radiodurans and investigated their inhibitory effects on S. aureus colonization and biofilm formation in vitro and in vivo. Among them, only DeinoPol exhibited an anti-biofilm effect without affecting bacterial growth and inhibiting staphylococcal colonization and inflammation in a mouse skin infection model. Moreover, the inhibitory effect was impaired in the Δdra0033 strain, a mutant that cannot produce DeinoPol. Remarkably, DeinoPol not only interfered with S. aureus biofilm formation at early and late stages but also disrupted a preexisting biofilm by inhibiting the production of poly-N-acetylglucosamine (PNAG), a key molecule required for S. aureus biofilm formation. Taken together, the present study suggests that DeinoPol is a key molecule in the negative regulation of S. aureus biofilm formation by D. radiodurans. Therefore, DeinoPol could be applied to prevent and/or treat infections or inflammatory diseases associated with S. aureus biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengjia Chen
- Research Division for Radiation Science, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, South Korea.,Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Jing Zhang
- Research Division for Radiation Science, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, South Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Ji
- Research Division for Radiation Science, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, South Korea.,Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, School of Dentistry, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Min-Kyu Kim
- Research Division for Radiation Science, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, South Korea
| | - Kyoung Whun Kim
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, School of Dentistry, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jong-Il Choi
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Seung Hyun Han
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, School of Dentistry, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sangyong Lim
- Research Division for Radiation Science, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, South Korea.,Department of Radiation Biotechnology and Applied Radioisotope Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Ho Seong Seo
- Research Division for Radiation Science, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, South Korea.,Department of Radiation Biotechnology and Applied Radioisotope Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Ki Bum Ahn
- Research Division for Radiation Science, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, South Korea
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3
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Mohy El Dine T, Jimmidi R, Diaconu A, Fransolet M, Michiels C, De Winter J, Gillon E, Imberty A, Coenye T, Vincent SP. Pillar[5]arene-Based Polycationic Glyco[2]rotaxanes Designed as Pseudomonas aeruginosa Antibiofilm Agents. J Med Chem 2021; 64:14728-14744. [PMID: 34542288 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P.A.) is a human pathogen belonging to the top priorities for the discovery of new therapeutic solutions. Its propensity to generate biofilms strongly complicates the treatments required to cure P.A. infections. Herein, we describe the synthesis of a series of novel rotaxanes composed of a central galactosylated pillar[5]arene, a tetrafucosylated dendron, and a tetraguanidinium subunit. Besides the high affinity of the final glycorotaxanes for the two P.A. lectins LecA and LecB, potent inhibition levels of biofilm growth were evidenced, showing that their three subunits work synergistically. An antibiofilm assay using a double ΔlecAΔlecB mutant compared to the wild type demonstrated that the antibiofilm activity of the best glycorotaxane is lectin-mediated. Such antibiofilm potency had rarely been reached in the literature. Importantly, none of the final rotaxanes was bactericidal, showing that their antibiofilm activity does not depend on bacteria killing, which is a rare feature for antibiofilm agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tharwat Mohy El Dine
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Bio-Organic Chemistry - NAmur Research Institute for LIfe Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur (UNamur), Rue de Bruxelles 61, 5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Ravikumar Jimmidi
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Bio-Organic Chemistry - NAmur Research Institute for LIfe Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur (UNamur), Rue de Bruxelles 61, 5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Andrei Diaconu
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Bio-Organic Chemistry - NAmur Research Institute for LIfe Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur (UNamur), Rue de Bruxelles 61, 5000 Namur, Belgium.,Center of Advanced Research in Bionanoconjugates and Biopolymers "Petru Poni", Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of Romanian Academy, 41A, Aleea Gr. Ghica Voda, 700487 Iasi, Romania
| | - Maude Fransolet
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Bio-Organic Chemistry - NAmur Research Institute for LIfe Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur (UNamur), Rue de Bruxelles 61, 5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Carine Michiels
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Bio-Organic Chemistry - NAmur Research Institute for LIfe Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur (UNamur), Rue de Bruxelles 61, 5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Julien De Winter
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Organic Synthesis and Mass Spectrometry, University of Mons (Umons), 20 place du parc, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Emilie Gillon
- Centre de recherches sur les macromolécules végétales (CERMAV), University of Genoble Alpes, CNRS, 601 rue de la chimie, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Anne Imberty
- Centre de recherches sur les macromolécules végétales (CERMAV), University of Genoble Alpes, CNRS, 601 rue de la chimie, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Tom Coenye
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, University of Ghent (UGent), Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Stéphane P Vincent
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Bio-Organic Chemistry - NAmur Research Institute for LIfe Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur (UNamur), Rue de Bruxelles 61, 5000 Namur, Belgium
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4
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O'Reilly C, Blasco S, Parekh B, Collins H, Cooke G, Gunnlaugsson T, Byrne JP. Ruthenium-centred btp glycoclusters as inhibitors for Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm formation. RSC Adv 2021; 11:16318-16325. [PMID: 35479152 PMCID: PMC9030604 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra05107a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbohydrate-decorated clusters (glycoclusters) centred on a Ru(ii) ion were synthesised and tested for their activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm formation. These clusters were designed by conjugating a range of carbohydrate motifs (galactose, glucose, mannose and lactose, as well as galactose with a triethylene glycol spacer) to a btp (2,6-bis(1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)pyridine) scaffold. This scaffold, which possesses a C2 symmetry, is an excellent ligand for d-metal ions, and thus the formation of the Ru(ii)-centred glycoclusters 7 and 8Gal was achieved from 5 and 6Gal; each possessing four deprotected carbohydrates. Glycocluster 8Gal, which has a flexible spacer between the btp and galactose moieties, showed significant inhibition of P. aeruginosa bacterial biofilm formation. By contrast, glycocluster 7, which lacked the flexible linker, didn't show significant antimicrobial effects and neither does the ligand 6Gal alone. These results are proposed to arise from carbohydrate–lectin interactions with LecA, which are possible for the flexible metal-centred multivalent glycocluster. Metal-centred glycoclusters present a structurally versatile class of antimicrobial agent for P. aeruginosa, of which this is, to the best of our knowledge, the first example. Ruthenium-centred glycoclusters based on carbohydrate-functionalised bis(triazolyl)pyridine ligands show Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm inhibition, with activity that is dependent on ligand structure.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciaran O'Reilly
- School of Chemistry, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin Ireland.,School of Medicine, University College Dublin Belfield Dublin 4 Ireland
| | - Salvador Blasco
- School of Chemistry, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin Ireland
| | - Bina Parekh
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin Belfield Dublin 4 Ireland
| | - Helen Collins
- Department of Applied Science, Tallaght Campus, Technological University Dublin Ireland
| | - Gordon Cooke
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin Belfield Dublin 4 Ireland.,Department of Applied Science, Tallaght Campus, Technological University Dublin Ireland
| | | | - Joseph P Byrne
- School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland Galway University Road Galway Ireland
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5
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González-Cuesta M, Ortiz Mellet C, García Fernández JM. Carbohydrate supramolecular chemistry: beyond the multivalent effect. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:5207-5222. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc01135e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
(Hetero)multivalency acts as a multichannel switch that shapes the supramolecular properties of carbohydrates in an intrinsically multifactorial biological context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel González-Cuesta
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Facultad de Química
- Universidad de Sevilla
- Sevilla 41012
- Spain
| | - Carmen Ortiz Mellet
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Facultad de Química
- Universidad de Sevilla
- Sevilla 41012
- Spain
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6
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Ligeour C, Vidal O, Dupin L, Casoni F, Gillon E, Meyer A, Vidal S, Vergoten G, Lacroix JM, Souteyrand E, Imberty A, Vasseur JJ, Chevolot Y, Morvan F. Mannose-centered aromatic galactoclusters inhibit the biofilm formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 13:8433-44. [PMID: 26090586 DOI: 10.1039/c5ob00948k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) is a major public health care issue due to its ability to develop antibiotic resistance mainly through adhesion and biofilm formation. Therefore, targeting the bacterial molecular arsenal involved in its adhesion and the formation of its biofilm appears as a promising tool against this pathogen. The galactose-binding LecA (or PA-IL) has been described as one of the PA virulence factors involved in these processes. Herein, the affinity of three tetravalent mannose-centered galactoclusters toward LecA was evaluated with five different bioanalytical methods: HIA, ELLA, SPR, ITC and DNA-based glycoarray. Inhibitory potential towards biofilms was then assessed for the two glycoclusters with highest affinity towards LecA (Kd values of 157 and 194 nM from ITC measurements). An inhibition of biofilm formation of 40% was found for these galactoclusters at 10 μM concentration. Applications of these macromolecules in anti-bacterial therapy are therefore possible through an anti-adhesive strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Ligeour
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247 CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, place Eugène Bataillon, CC1704, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France.
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7
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Khanam S, Rai SK, Verma D, Khanna RS, Tewari AK. An efficient and controlled synthesis of persulfonylated G1 dendrimers via click reaction. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra09929g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A controlled synthesis for persulfonylated G1 dendrimers has been standardized at room temperature through click reaction using Cu(PPh3)3Br complex in the presence of tridentate chelating ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaziya Khanam
- Department of Chemistry (Center of Advanced Study)
- Institute of Science
- Banaras Hindu University
- Varanasi-221005
- India
| | - Sunil K. Rai
- Department of Chemistry (Center of Advanced Study)
- Institute of Science
- Banaras Hindu University
- Varanasi-221005
- India
| | - Deepshikha Verma
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research
- Mumbai 400005
- India
| | - Ranjana S. Khanna
- Department of Chemistry (Center of Advanced Study)
- Institute of Science
- Banaras Hindu University
- Varanasi-221005
- India
| | - Ashish K. Tewari
- Department of Chemistry (Center of Advanced Study)
- Institute of Science
- Banaras Hindu University
- Varanasi-221005
- India
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8
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Visini R, Jin X, Bergmann M, Michaud G, Pertici F, Fu O, Pukin A, Branson TR, Thies-Weesie DME, Kemmink J, Gillon E, Imberty A, Stocker A, Darbre T, Pieters RJ, Reymond JL. Structural Insight into Multivalent Galactoside Binding to Pseudomonas aeruginosa Lectin LecA. ACS Chem Biol 2015; 10:2455-62. [PMID: 26295304 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.5b00302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Multivalent galactosides inhibiting Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms may help control this problematic pathogen. To understand the binding mode of tetravalent glycopeptide dendrimer GalAG2 [(Gal-β-OC6H4CO-Lys-Pro-Leu)4(Lys-Phe-Lys-Ile)2Lys-His-Ile-NH2] to its target lectin LecA, crystal structures of LecA complexes with divalent analog GalAG1 [(Gal-β-OC6H4CO-Lys-Pro-Leu)2Lys-Phe-Lys-Ile-NH2] and related glucose-triazole linked bis-galactosides 3u3 [Gal-β-O(CH2)n-(C2HN3)-4-Glc-β-(C2HN3)-[β-Glc-4-(N3HC2)]2-(CH2)n-O-β-Gal (n = 1)] and 5u3 (n = 3) were obtained, revealing a chelate bound 3u3, cross-linked 5u3, and monovalently bound GalAG1. Nevertheless, a chelate bound model better explaining their strong LecA binding and the absence of lectin aggregation was obtained by modeling for all three ligands. A model of the chelate bound GalAG2·LecA complex was also obtained rationalizing its unusually tight LecA binding (KD = 2.5 nM) and aggregation by lectin cross-linking. The very weak biofilm inhibition with divalent LecA inhibitors suggests that lectin aggregation is necessary for biofilm inhibition by GalAG2, pointing to multivalent glycoclusters as a unique opportunity to control P. aeruginosa biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Visini
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Berne, Freiestrasse
3, 3012 Berne, Switzerland
| | - Xian Jin
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Berne, Freiestrasse
3, 3012 Berne, Switzerland
| | - Myriam Bergmann
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Berne, Freiestrasse
3, 3012 Berne, Switzerland
| | - Gaelle Michaud
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Berne, Freiestrasse
3, 3012 Berne, Switzerland
| | - Francesca Pertici
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, NL-3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ou Fu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, NL-3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Aliaksei Pukin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, NL-3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas R. Branson
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, NL-3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Dominique M. E. Thies-Weesie
- Van’t
Hoff Laboratory for Physical and Colloid Chemistry, Debye Institute
for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Johan Kemmink
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, NL-3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Emilie Gillon
- Centre
de Recherches sur les Macromolécules Végétales,
UPR5301, CNRS and Université Grenoble Alpes, 601 rue de la
Chimie, F38041 Grenoble, France
| | - Anne Imberty
- Centre
de Recherches sur les Macromolécules Végétales,
UPR5301, CNRS and Université Grenoble Alpes, 601 rue de la
Chimie, F38041 Grenoble, France
| | - Achim Stocker
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Berne, Freiestrasse
3, 3012 Berne, Switzerland
| | - Tamis Darbre
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Berne, Freiestrasse
3, 3012 Berne, Switzerland
| | - Roland J. Pieters
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, NL-3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jean-Louis Reymond
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Berne, Freiestrasse
3, 3012 Berne, Switzerland
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9
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Srivastava S, Bhargava A. Biofilms and human health. Biotechnol Lett 2015; 38:1-22. [PMID: 26386834 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-015-1960-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
A biofilm can be defined as a surface-attached (sessile) community of microorganisms embedded and growing in a self-produced matrix of extracellular polymeric substances. These biofilm communities can be found in medical, industrial and natural environments, and can also be engineered in vitro for various biotechnological applications. Biofilms play a significant role in the transmission and persistence of human disease especially for diseases associated with inert surfaces, including medical devices for internal or external use. Biofilm infections on implants or in-dwelling devices are difficult to eradicate because of their much better protection against macrophages and antibiotics, compared to free living cells, leading to severe clinical complications often with lethal outcome. Recent developments in nanotechnology have provided novel approaches to preventing and dispersing biofilm related infections and potentially providing a novel method for fighting infections that is nondrug related.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpi Srivastava
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh (Lucknow Campus), Gomti Nagar Extension, Lucknow, 226010, India
| | - Atul Bhargava
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh (Lucknow Campus), Gomti Nagar Extension, Lucknow, 226010, India.
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10
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Arseneault M, Wafer C, Morin JF. Recent advances in click chemistry applied to dendrimer synthesis. Molecules 2015; 20:9263-94. [PMID: 26007183 PMCID: PMC6272213 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20059263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendrimers are monodisperse polymers grown in a fractal manner from a central point. They are poised to become the cornerstone of nanoscale devices in several fields, ranging from biomedicine to light-harvesting. Technical difficulties in obtaining these molecules has slowed their transfer from academia to industry. In 2001, the arrival of the "click chemistry" concept gave the field a major boost. The flagship reaction, a modified Hüisgen cycloaddition, allowed researchers greater freedom in designing and building dendrimers. In the last five years, advances in click chemistry saw a wider use of other click reactions and a notable increase in the complexity of the reported structures. This review covers key developments in the click chemistry field applied to dendrimer synthesis from 2010 to 2015. Even though this is an expert review, basic notions and references have been included to help newcomers to the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Arseneault
- Chimie, Université Laval, 1045 avenue de la Médecine, Pavillon Alexandre-Vachon, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | - Caroline Wafer
- Chimie, Université Laval, 1045 avenue de la Médecine, Pavillon Alexandre-Vachon, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | - Jean-François Morin
- Chimie, Université Laval, 1045 avenue de la Médecine, Pavillon Alexandre-Vachon, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
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11
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Grishin AV, Krivozubov MS, Karyagina AS, Gintsburg AL. Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Lectins As Targets for Novel Antibacterials. Acta Naturae 2015; 7:29-41. [PMID: 26085942 PMCID: PMC4463410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most widespread and troublesome opportunistic pathogens that is capable of colonizing various human tissues and organs and is often resistant to many currently used antibiotics. This resistance is caused by different factors, including the acquisition of specific resistance genes, intrinsic capability to diminish antibiotic penetration into the bacterial cell, and the ability to form biofilms. This situation has prompted the development of novel compounds differing in their mechanism of action from traditional antibiotics that suppress the growth of microorganisms or directly kill bacteria. Instead, these new compounds should decrease the pathogens' ability to colonize and damage human tissues by inhibiting the virulence factors and biofilm formation. The lectins LecA and LecB that bind galactose and fucose, as well as oligo- and polysaccharides containing these sugars, are among the most thoroughly-studied targets for such novel antibacterials. In this review, we summarize the results of experiments highlighting the importance of these proteins for P. aeruginosa pathogenicity and provide information on existing lectins inhibitors and their effectiveness in various experimental models. Particular attention is paid to the effects of lectins inhibition in animal models of infection and in clinical practice. We argue that lectins inhibition is a perspective approach to combating P. aeruginosa. However, despite the existence of highly effective in vitro inhibitors, further experiments are required in order to advance these inhibitors into pre-clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. V. Grishin
- Gamaleya Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Gamaleya Str., 18, Moscow, 123098, Russia,Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Timiryazevskaya Str., 42, Moscow, 127550, Russia
| | - M. S. Krivozubov
- Gamaleya Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Gamaleya Str., 18, Moscow, 123098, Russia
| | - A. S. Karyagina
- Gamaleya Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Gamaleya Str., 18, Moscow, 123098, Russia,Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Timiryazevskaya Str., 42, Moscow, 127550, Russia,Belozersky Institute of Physical and Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1, bld. 40, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - A. L. Gintsburg
- Gamaleya Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Gamaleya Str., 18, Moscow, 123098, Russia
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