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Lupu A, Gradinaru LM, Gradinaru VR, Bercea M. Diversity of Bioinspired Hydrogels: From Structure to Applications. Gels 2023; 9:gels9050376. [PMID: 37232968 DOI: 10.3390/gels9050376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrogels are three-dimensional networks with a variety of structures and functions that have a remarkable ability to absorb huge amounts of water or biological fluids. They can incorporate active compounds and release them in a controlled manner. Hydrogels can also be designed to be sensitive to external stimuli: temperature, pH, ionic strength, electrical or magnetic stimuli, specific molecules, etc. Alternative methods for the development of various hydrogels have been outlined in the literature over time. Some hydrogels are toxic and therefore are avoided when obtaining biomaterials, pharmaceuticals, or therapeutic products. Nature is a permanent source of inspiration for new structures and new functionalities of more and more competitive materials. Natural compounds present a series of physico-chemical and biological characteristics suitable for biomaterials, such as biocompatibility, antimicrobial properties, biodegradability, and nontoxicity. Thus, they can generate microenvironments comparable to the intracellular or extracellular matrices in the human body. This paper discusses the main advantages of the presence of biomolecules (polysaccharides, proteins, and polypeptides) in hydrogels. Structural aspects induced by natural compounds and their specific properties are emphasized. The most suitable applications will be highlighted, including drug delivery, self-healing materials for regenerative medicine, cell culture, wound dressings, 3D bioprinting, foods, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Lupu
- "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41-A Grigore Ghica Voda Alley, 700487 Iasi, Romania
| | - Luiza Madalina Gradinaru
- "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41-A Grigore Ghica Voda Alley, 700487 Iasi, Romania
| | - Vasile Robert Gradinaru
- Faculty of Chemistry, "Alexandru Ioan Cuza" University, 11 Carol I Bd., 700506 Iasi, Romania
| | - Maria Bercea
- "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41-A Grigore Ghica Voda Alley, 700487 Iasi, Romania
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2
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Ferrocene appended naphthalimide derivatives: Synthesis, DNA binding, and in vitro cytotoxic activity. J Organomet Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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3
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Zheng D, Gao Z, Xu T, Liang C, Shi Y, Wang L, Yang Z. Responsive peptide-based supramolecular hydrogels constructed by self-immolative chemistry. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:21459-21465. [PMID: 30427030 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr07534d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Peptide-based supramolecular hydrogels that are stimuli-responsive under aqueous conditions have many potential biological applications, including drug delivery and sensing. Herein, we reported a series of responsive peptide-based supramolecular hydrogels that respond to glutathione (GSH), nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S), which are biologically important signaling molecules. The responsive hydrogelators were designed by "self-immolative" chemistry and constructed by using self-immolative groups to modify short peptides. The self-immolative capping group could be removed in the presence of a corresponding trigger, thus causing gel-sol phase transitions. The potential of our responsive hydrogels for drug release was also demonstrated in this study. Our study offered several candidates of responsive hydrogels for sensing and drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debin Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China.
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4
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Chalard A, Vaysse L, Joseph P, Malaquin L, Souleille S, Lonetti B, Sol JC, Loubinoux I, Fitremann J. Simple Synthetic Molecular Hydrogels from Self-Assembling Alkylgalactonamides as Scaffold for 3D Neuronal Cell Growth. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:17004-17017. [PMID: 29757611 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b01365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we demonstrated that the hydrogel obtained from a very simple and single synthetic molecule, N-heptyl-galactonamide was a suitable scaffold for the growth of neuronal cells in 3D. We evidenced by confocal microscopy the presence of the cells into the gel up to a depth of around 200 μm, demonstrating that the latter was permissive to cell growth and enabled a true 3D colonization and organization. It also supported successfully the differentiation of adult human neuronal stem cells (hNSCs) into both glial and neuronal cells and the development of a really dense neurofilament network. So the gel appears to be a good candidate for neural tissue regeneration. In contrast with other molecular gels described for cell culture, the molecule can be obtained at the gram scale by a one-step reaction. The resulting gel is very soft, a quality in accordance with the aim of growing neuronal cells, that requires low modulus substrates similar to the brain. But because of its fragility, specific procedures had to be implemented for its preparation and for cell labeling and confocal microscopy observations. Notably, the implementation of a controlled slow cooling of the gel solution was needed to get a very soft but nevertheless cohesive gel. In these conditions, very wide straight and long micrometric fibers were formed, held together by a second network of flexible narrower nanometric fibers. The two kinds of fibers guided the neurite and glial cell growth in a different way. We also underlined the importance of a tiny difference in the molecular structure on the gel performances: parent molecules, differing by a one-carbon increment in the alkyl chain length, N-hexyl-galactonamide and N-octyl-galactonamide, were not as good as N-heptyl-galactonamide. Their differences were analyzed in terms of gel fibers morphology, mechanical properties, solubility, chain parity, and cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaïs Chalard
- IMRCP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Bat 2R1 , 118 Route de Narbonne , 31062 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
- TONIC, Toulouse NeuroImaging Center , Université de Toulouse , Inserm , UPS , France
- LAAS-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS , Toulouse , France
| | - Laurence Vaysse
- TONIC, Toulouse NeuroImaging Center , Université de Toulouse , Inserm , UPS , France
| | - Pierre Joseph
- LAAS-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS , Toulouse , France
| | - Laurent Malaquin
- LAAS-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS , Toulouse , France
| | | | - Barbara Lonetti
- IMRCP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Bat 2R1 , 118 Route de Narbonne , 31062 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Sol
- TONIC, Toulouse NeuroImaging Center , Université de Toulouse , Inserm , UPS , France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse , Pôle Neurosciences , CHU Toulouse , France
| | - Isabelle Loubinoux
- TONIC, Toulouse NeuroImaging Center , Université de Toulouse , Inserm , UPS , France
| | - Juliette Fitremann
- IMRCP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Bat 2R1 , 118 Route de Narbonne , 31062 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
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5
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Wu C, Hoang HN, Liu L, Fairlie DP. Glucuronic acid as a helix-inducing linker in short peptides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:2162-2165. [PMID: 29431766 DOI: 10.1039/c7cc09785a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A new strategy is demonstrated for making peptides helical, using a carbohydrate to bridge between sidechains at each end of a pentapeptide. CD and NMR spectra establish that both an α-helix and a 310-helix structure can form depending upon the bridge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongyang Wu
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
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6
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Zhou J, Li J, Du X, Xu B. Supramolecular biofunctional materials. Biomaterials 2017; 129:1-27. [PMID: 28319779 PMCID: PMC5470592 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
This review discusses supramolecular biofunctional materials, a novel class of biomaterials formed by small molecules that are held together via noncovalent interactions. The complexity of biology and relevant biomedical problems not only inspire, but also demand effective molecular design for functional materials. Supramolecular biofunctional materials offer (almost) unlimited possibilities and opportunities to address challenging biomedical problems. Rational molecular design of supramolecular biofunctional materials exploit powerful and versatile noncovalent interactions, which offer many advantages, such as responsiveness, reversibility, tunability, biomimicry, modularity, predictability, and, most importantly, adaptiveness. In this review, besides elaborating on the merits of supramolecular biofunctional materials (mainly in the form of hydrogels and/or nanoscale assemblies) resulting from noncovalent interactions, we also discuss the advantages of small peptides as a prevalent molecular platform to generate a wide range of supramolecular biofunctional materials for the applications in drug delivery, tissue engineering, immunology, cancer therapy, fluorescent imaging, and stem cell regulation. This review aims to provide a brief synopsis of recent achievements at the intersection of supramolecular chemistry and biomedical science in hope of contributing to the multidisciplinary research on supramolecular biofunctional materials for a wide range of applications. We envision that supramolecular biofunctional materials will contribute to the development of new therapies that will ultimately lead to a paradigm shift for developing next generation biomaterials for medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, MA 02453, USA
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, MA 02453, USA
| | - Xuewen Du
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, MA 02453, USA
| | - Bing Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, MA 02453, USA.
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7
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Panek D, Więckowska A, Wichur T, Bajda M, Godyń J, Jończyk J, Mika K, Janockova J, Soukup O, Knez D, Korabecny J, Gobec S, Malawska B. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of new phthalimide and saccharin derivatives with alicyclic amines targeting cholinesterases, beta-secretase and amyloid beta aggregation. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 125:676-695. [PMID: 27721153 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.09.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/24/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The complexity of Alzheimer's disease (AD) calls for search of multifunctional compounds as potential candidates for effective therapy. A series of phthalimide and saccharin derivatives linked by different alicyclic fragments (piperazine, hexahydropyrimidine, 3-aminopyrrolidine or 3-aminopiperidine) with phenylalkyl moieties attached have been designed, synthesized, and evaluated as multifunctional anti-AD agents with cholinesterase, β-secretase and β-amyloid inhibitory activities. In vitro studies showed that the majority of saccharin derivatives with piperazine moiety and one phthalimide derivative with 3-aminopiperidine fragment exhibited inhibitory potency toward acetylcholinesterase (AChE) with EeAChE IC50 values ranging from 0.83 μM to 19.18 μM. The target compounds displayed inhibition of human β-secretase-1 (hBACE1) ranging from 26.71% to 61.42% at 50 μM concentration. Among these compounds, two multifunctional agents (26, [2-(2-(4-benzylpiperazin-1-yl)ethyl)benzo[d]isothiazol-3(2H)-one 1,1-dioxide] and 52, 2-(2-(3-(3,5-difluorobenzylamino)piperidin-1-yl)ethyl)isoindoline-1,3-dione) have been identified. Compound 26 exhibited the highest inhibitory potency against EeAChE (IC50 = 0.83 μM) and inhibitory activity against hBACE1 (33.61% at 50 μM). Compound 52 is a selective AChE inhibitor (IC50 AChE = 6.47 μM) with BACE1 inhibitory activity (26.3% at 50 μM) and it displays the most significant Aβ anti-aggregating properties among all the obtained compounds (39% at 10 μM). Kinetic and molecular modeling studies indicate that 26 may act as non-competitive AChE inhibitor able to interact with both catalytic and peripheral active site of the enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawid Panek
- Department of Physicochemical Drug Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna Więckowska
- Department of Physicochemical Drug Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Tomasz Wichur
- Department of Physicochemical Drug Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Marek Bajda
- Department of Physicochemical Drug Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Justyna Godyń
- Department of Physicochemical Drug Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Jakub Jończyk
- Department of Physicochemical Drug Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Kamil Mika
- Department of Physicochemical Drug Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Jana Janockova
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Soukup
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Damijan Knez
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jan Korabecny
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Stanislav Gobec
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Barbara Malawska
- Department of Physicochemical Drug Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland.
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8
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Chen J, Wang T, Liu M. Chaperone gelator for the chiral self-assembly of all proteinogenic amino acids and their enantiomers. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:6123-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc01651k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A concept of a chaperone gelator that can assist non-gelator molecules to form gels is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid
- Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing
| | - Tianyu Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid
- Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing
| | - Minghua Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid
- Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing
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9
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Xiao X, Hu J, Wang X, Huang L, Chen Y, Wang W, Li J, Zhang Y. A dual-functional supramolecular hydrogel based on a spiropyran–galactose conjugate for target-mediated and light-controlled delivery of microRNA into cells. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:12517-12520. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc07386g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A dual-functional supramolecular hydrogel was developed for light-controlled release of miRNA and target-mediated delivery of miRNA into cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Sciences
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210023
- China
| | - Jing Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Sciences
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210023
- China
| | - Xingxing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Sciences
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210023
- China
| | - Lei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Sciences
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210023
- China
| | - Yingjie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Sciences
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210023
- China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Sciences
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210023
- China
| | - Jinbo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Sciences
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210023
- China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Sciences
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210023
- China
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10
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Cheng KG, Su CH, Huang JY, Wang HS, Liu J, Zheng YT, Chen ZF. Synthesis and cytotoxic evaluation of several oleanolic acid–uracil/thymine conjugates. MEDCHEMCOMM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6md00061d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Some IC50 values of sixteen synthesized oleanolic acid–uracil/thymine hybrids were under 0.1 μM against tested cells (Hep-G2, A549, BGC-823, MCF-7 and PC-3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Guang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources
- School of Chemistry and Pharmacy of Guangxi Normal University
- Guilin 541004
- PR China
| | - Chun-Hua Su
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources
- School of Chemistry and Pharmacy of Guangxi Normal University
- Guilin 541004
- PR China
| | - Jia-Yan Huang
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources
- School of Chemistry and Pharmacy of Guangxi Normal University
- Guilin 541004
- PR China
| | - Heng-Shan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources
- School of Chemistry and Pharmacy of Guangxi Normal University
- Guilin 541004
- PR China
| | - Jun Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- PR China
| | - Yuan-Ting Zheng
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy
- School of Pharmacy
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 201203
- China
| | - Zhen-Feng Chen
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources
- School of Chemistry and Pharmacy of Guangxi Normal University
- Guilin 541004
- PR China
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11
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Du X, Zhou J, Shi J, Xu B. Supramolecular Hydrogelators and Hydrogels: From Soft Matter to Molecular Biomaterials. Chem Rev 2015; 115:13165-307. [PMID: 26646318 PMCID: PMC4936198 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1292] [Impact Index Per Article: 143.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In this review we intend to provide a relatively comprehensive summary of the work of supramolecular hydrogelators after 2004 and to put emphasis particularly on the applications of supramolecular hydrogels/hydrogelators as molecular biomaterials. After a brief introduction of methods for generating supramolecular hydrogels, we discuss supramolecular hydrogelators on the basis of their categories, such as small organic molecules, coordination complexes, peptides, nucleobases, and saccharides. Following molecular design, we focus on various potential applications of supramolecular hydrogels as molecular biomaterials, classified by their applications in cell cultures, tissue engineering, cell behavior, imaging, and unique applications of hydrogelators. Particularly, we discuss the applications of supramolecular hydrogelators after they form supramolecular assemblies but prior to reaching the critical gelation concentration because this subject is less explored but may hold equally great promise for helping address fundamental questions about the mechanisms or the consequences of the self-assembly of molecules, including low molecular weight ones. Finally, we provide a perspective on supramolecular hydrogelators. We hope that this review will serve as an updated introduction and reference for researchers who are interested in exploring supramolecular hydrogelators as molecular biomaterials for addressing the societal needs at various frontiers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuewen Du
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454, United States
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454, United States
| | - Junfeng Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454, United States
| | - Bing Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454, United States
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12
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Cara CJ, Skropeta D. Glycosylation and functionalization of native amino acids with azido uronic acids. Tetrahedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Paradís-Bas M, Tulla-Puche J, Albericio F. The road to the synthesis of "difficult peptides". Chem Soc Rev 2015; 45:631-54. [PMID: 26612670 DOI: 10.1039/c5cs00680e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The last decade has witnessed a renaissance of peptides as drugs. This progress, together with advances in the structural behavior of peptides, has attracted the interest of the pharmaceutical industry in these molecules as potential APIs. In the past, major peptide-based drugs were inspired by sequences extracted from natural structures of low molecular weight. In contrast, nowadays, the peptides being studied by academic and industrial groups comprise more sophisticated sequences. For instance, they consist of long amino acid chains and show a high tendency to form aggregates. Some researchers have claimed that preparing medium-sized proteins is now feasible with chemical ligation techniques, in contrast to medium-sized peptide syntheses. The complexity associated with the synthesis of certain peptides is exemplified by the so-called "difficult peptides", a concept introduced in the 80's. This refers to sequences that show inter- or intra-molecular β-sheet interactions significant enough to form aggregates during peptide synthesis. These structural associations are stabilized and mediated by non-covalent hydrogen bonds that arise on the backbone of the peptide and-depending on the sequence-are favored. The tendency of peptide chains to aggregate is translated into a list of common behavioral features attributed to "difficult peptides" which hinder their synthesis. In this regard, this manuscript summarizes the strategies used to overcome the inherent difficulties associated with the synthesis of known "difficult peptides". Here we evaluate several external factors, as well as methods to incorporate chemical modifications into sequences, in order to describe the strategies that are effective for the synthesis of "difficult peptides". These approaches have been classified and ordered to provide an extensive guide for achieving the synthesis of peptides with the aforementioned features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Paradís-Bas
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
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Yuan D, Du X, Shi J, Zhou N, Baoum AA, Al Footy KO, Badahdah KO, Xu B. Synthesis and evaluation of the biostability and cell compatibility of novel conjugates of nucleobase, peptidic epitope, and saccharide. Beilstein J Org Chem 2015; 11:1352-9. [PMID: 26425189 PMCID: PMC4578436 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.11.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This article reports the synthesis of a new class of conjugates containing a nucleobase, a peptidic epitope, and a saccharide and the evalution of their gelation, biostability, and cell compatibility. We demonstrate a facile synthetic process, based on solid-phase peptide synthesis of nucleopeptides, to connect a saccharide with the nucleopeptides for producing the target conjugates. All the conjugates themselves (1-8) display excellent solubility in water without forming hydrogels. However, a mixture of 5 and 8 self-assembles to form nanofibers and results in a supramolecular hydrogel. The proteolytic stabilities of the conjugates depend on the functional peptidic epitopes. We found that TTPV is proteolytic resistant and LGFNI is susceptible to proteolysis. In addition, all the conjugates are compatible to the mammalian cells tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, MS015, Waltham, MA 02453, USA
| | - Xuewen Du
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, MS015, Waltham, MA 02453, USA
| | - Junfeng Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, MS015, Waltham, MA 02453, USA
| | - Ning Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, MS015, Waltham, MA 02453, USA
| | | | | | | | - Bing Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, MS015, Waltham, MA 02453, USA
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15
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Yuan D, Du X, Shi J, Zhou N, Zhou J, Xu B. Mixing biomimetic heterodimers of nucleopeptides to generate biocompatible and biostable supramolecular hydrogels. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:5705-8. [PMID: 25783774 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201412448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Revised: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
As a new class of biomaterials, most supramolecular hydrogels formed by small peptides require the attachment of long alkyl chains, multiple aromatic groups, or strong electrostatic interactions. Based on the fact that the most abundant protein assemblies in nature are dimeric, we select short peptide sequences from the interface of a heterodimer of proteins with known crystal structure to conjugate with nucleobases to form nucleopeptides. Being driven mainly by hydrogen bonds, the nucleopeptides self-assemble to form nanofibers, which results in supramolecular hydrogels upon simple mixing of two distinct nucleopeptides in water. Moreover, besides being biocompatible to mammalian cells, the heterodimer of the nucleopeptides exhibit excellent proteolytic resistance against proteinase K. This work illustrates a new and rational approach to create soft biomaterials by a supramolecular hydrogelation triggered by mixing heterodimeric nucleopeptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South St, Waltham, MA 02454 (USA)
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16
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Yuan D, Du X, Shi J, Zhou N, Zhou J, Xu B. Mixing Biomimetic Heterodimers of Nucleopeptides to Generate Biocompatible and Biostable Supramolecular Hydrogels. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201412448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Shi Y, Wang Z, Zhang X, Xu T, Ji S, Ding D, Yang Z, Wang L. Multi-responsive supramolecular hydrogels for drug delivery. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:15265-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc05792b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We reported a versatile method to prepare responsive supramolecular hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology
- College of Pharmacy
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Design
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
| | - Zhongyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology
- College of Pharmacy
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Design
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials
- Ministry of Education
- College of Life Sciences
- Nankai University
| | - Tengyan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology
- College of Pharmacy
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Design
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
| | - Shenglu Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials
- Ministry of Education
- College of Life Sciences
- Nankai University
| | - Dan Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials
- Ministry of Education
- College of Life Sciences
- Nankai University
| | - Zhimou Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology
- College of Pharmacy
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Design
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
| | - Ling Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology
- College of Pharmacy
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Design
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
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