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Ohashi M, Tamura A, Yui N. Terminal Structure of Triethylene Glycol-Tethered Chains on β-Cyclodextrin-Threaded Polyrotaxanes Dominates Temperature Responsivity and Biointeractions. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:11102-11114. [PMID: 34478294 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c01894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Pharmacological and biomedical applications of cyclodextrin (CD)-threaded polyrotaxanes (PRXs) have gained increasing attention. We had previously investigated the therapeutic effects of oligo(ethylene glycol) (OEG)-modified β-CD PRXs in congenital metabolic disorders. Although the chemical modification of PRXs is crucial for these applications, the influences of the chemical structure of OEG modified on PRXs were not completely understood. The current study focuses on the terminal group structures of triethylene glycol (TEG)-tethered chains, wherein three series of TEG-tethered PRXs (TEG-PRXs) with various TEG terminal group structures (hydroxy, methoxy, and ethoxy) were synthesized to investigate their physicochemical properties and biointeractions. The methoxy and ethoxy-terminated TEG-PRXs exhibited temperature-dependent phase transitions in phosphate buffer saline and formed coacervate droplets above their cloud points. A comprehensive analysis revealed that the hydrophobicity of the terminal group structures of the TEG-tethered chains played a dominant role in exhibiting temperature-dependent phase transition. Furthermore, the hydrophobicity of the terminal group structures of TEG-tethered chains on PRXs also affected the interactions with lipids and proteins, with the hydrophobic ethoxy-terminated TEG-tethered chains showing the highest interactions. However, in normal human skin fibroblasts, the moderately hydrophobic methoxy-terminated TEG-modified PRXs showed the highest intracellular uptake levels. As a result, we concluded that methoxy-terminated TEG is a suitable chemical modification for the biomedical applications of PRXs due to the negligible temperature responsivity around physiological temperature and significant intracellular uptake levels. The findings of this study shall contribute significantly to the rational design of PRXs and CD-based materials for future pharmacological and biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moe Ohashi
- Department of Organic Biomaterials, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Atsushi Tamura
- Department of Organic Biomaterials, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Yui
- Department of Organic Biomaterials, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
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Wang Y, Ming XX, Zhang CP. Fluorine-Containing Inhalation Anesthetics: Chemistry, Properties and Pharmacology. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:5599-5652. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666191003155703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Studies on fluorinated inhalation anesthetics, including synthesis, physical chemistry and
pharmacology, have been summarized in this review. Retrospecting the history of inhalation anesthetics
revealed their increasing reliance on fluorine and ether structures. Halothane causes a rare but
severe immune-based hepatotoxicity, which was replaced by enflurane in the 1970s. Isoflurane replaced
enflurane in the 1980s, showing modest advantages (e.g. lower solubility, better metabolic
stability, and without convulsive predisposition). Desflurane and sevoflurane came into use in the
1990s, which are better anesthetics than isoflurane (less hepatotoxicity, lower solubility, and/or
markedly decreased pungency). However, they are still less than perfect. To gain more ideal inhalation
anesthetics, a large number of fluorinated halocarbons, polyfluorocycloalkanes, polyfluorocycloalkenes,
fluoroarenes, and polyfluorooxetanes, were prepared and their potency and toxicity were
evaluated. Although the pharmacology studies suggested that some of these agents produced anesthesia,
no further studies were continued on these compounds because they showed obvious lacking
as anesthetics. Moreover, the anesthetic activity cannot be simply predicted from the molecular
structures but has to be inferred from the experiments. Several regularities were found by experimental
studies: 1) the potency and toxicity of the saturated linear chain halogenated ether are enhanced
when its molecular weight is increased; 2) the margin of safety decreases and the recovery
time is prolonged when the boiling point of the candidate increases; and 3) compounds with an
asymmetric carbon terminal exhibit good anesthesia. Nevertheless, the development of new inhalation
anesthetics, better than desflurane and sevoflurane, is still challenging not only because of the
poor structure/activity relationship known so far but also due to synthetic issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhong Wang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Xiao-Xia Ming
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, 205 Luoshi Road, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Cheng-Pan Zhang
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, 205 Luoshi Road, Wuhan 430070, China
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Recent advances in polymer-based drug delivery systems for local anesthetics. Acta Biomater 2019; 96:55-67. [PMID: 31152941 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.05.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Local anesthetics, which cause temporary loss of pain by inhibiting the transmission of nerve impulses, have been widely used in clinical practice. However, neurotoxicity and short half-lives have significantly limited their clinical applications. To overcome those barriers, numerous drug delivery systems (DDS) have been designed to encapsulate local anesthetic agents, so that large doses can be released slowly and provide analgesia over a prolonged period. So far, multiple classes of local anesthetic carriers have been investigated, with some of them already on the market. Among those, polymer-based delivery platforms are the most extensively explored, especially in the form of polymeric nanoparticle carriers. This review gives a specific focus on the most commonly used natural and synthetic polymers for local anesthetics delivery, owing to their excellent biocompatibility, biodegradability and versatility. State-of-the-art studies concerning such polymer delivery systems have been discussed in depth. We also highlight the impact of those delivery platforms as well as some key challenges that need to be overcome for their broader clinical applications. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Currently, local anesthetics have been widely used in clinically practices to prevent transmission of nerve impulses. However, the applications of anesthetics are greatly limited due to their neurotoxicity and short half-lives. Moreover, it is difficult to maintain frequent administrations which can cause poor compliance and serious consequences. Numerous drug delivery systems have been developed to solve those issues. In this review, we highlight the recent advances in polymer-based drug delivery systems for local anesthetics. The advantages as well as shortcomings for different types of polymer-based drug delivery systems are summarized in this paper. In the end, we also give prospects for future development of polymer drug delivery systems for anesthetics.
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Characterization of Cyclodextrin/Volatile Inclusion Complexes: A Review. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23051204. [PMID: 29772824 PMCID: PMC6100373 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23051204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 05/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclodextrins (CDs) are a family of cyclic oligosaccharides that constitute one of the most widely used molecular hosts in supramolecular chemistry. Encapsulation in the hydrophobic cavity of CDs positively affects the physical and chemical characteristics of the guests upon the formation of inclusion complexes. Such a property is interestingly employed to retain volatile guests and reduce their volatility. Within this scope, the starting crucial point for a suitable and careful characterization of an inclusion complex is to assess the value of the formation constant (Kf), also called stability or binding constant. This task requires the application of the appropriate analytical method and technique. Thus, the aim of the present paper is to give a general overview of the main analytical tools used for the determination of Kf values for CD/volatile inclusion complexes. This review emphasizes on the advantages, inconvenients and limits of each applied method. A special attention is also dedicated to the improvement of the current methods and to the development of new techniques. Further, the applicability of each technique is illustrated by a summary of data obtained from the literature.
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Zhu R, Qian A, Yan J, Li W, Liu K, Masuda T, Zhang A. OEGylated Cyclodextrins Responsive to Temperature, Redox, and Metal Ions. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:13258-13263. [PMID: 29624048 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b01514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The present work provides a versatile access for "smart" cyclodextrins (CDs) that are responsive to temperature, redox, and metal ions. These CDs are modified with oligoethylene glycols through thiol-ene click chemistry, which are inherently thermoresponsive in aqueous solutions. At the same time, their thermoresponsiveness is tunable through oxidation or metal ion chelation of thioether moieties. Significantly, these stimuli-responsive CDs retained strong inclusion abilities to guest dyes, and the inclusion complexation can be tuned by thermally induced phase transitions, oxidation, as well as metal chelation. The stimuli-responsive complexation with dyes allows to fabricate colorimetric/fluorescent sensors for temperature or for soft metal ions, such as Ag+ and Hg2+. With multiple responsiveness integrated in one material, these monodisperse CDs have formed a new class of stimuli-responsive macrocycles, which can reversibly encapsulate and release guest species through multiple switches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runlang Zhu
- Department of Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering , Shanghai University , Materials Building Room 447, Nanchen Street 333 , Shanghai 200444 , China
| | - Apan Qian
- Department of Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering , Shanghai University , Materials Building Room 447, Nanchen Street 333 , Shanghai 200444 , China
| | - Jiatao Yan
- Department of Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering , Shanghai University , Materials Building Room 447, Nanchen Street 333 , Shanghai 200444 , China
| | - Wen Li
- Department of Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering , Shanghai University , Materials Building Room 447, Nanchen Street 333 , Shanghai 200444 , China
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences , Harvard University , 29 Oxford Street , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02138 , United States
| | - Kun Liu
- Department of Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering , Shanghai University , Materials Building Room 447, Nanchen Street 333 , Shanghai 200444 , China
| | - Toshio Masuda
- Department of Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering , Shanghai University , Materials Building Room 447, Nanchen Street 333 , Shanghai 200444 , China
| | - Afang Zhang
- Department of Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering , Shanghai University , Materials Building Room 447, Nanchen Street 333 , Shanghai 200444 , China
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Qian A, Shi H, Zhu R, Yan J, Li W, Liu K, Zhang A. Thermoresponsive cyclodextrins with benzenesulfonamide showing tunable inhibition for carbonic anhydrase. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:8028-8031. [PMID: 28933488 DOI: 10.1039/c7ob02171b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Monodisperse thermoresponsive cyclodextrins appended with benzenesulfonamides were demonstrated to reversibly regulate the enzymatic activity of carbonic anhydrase, which was found to be dependent on both scaffold effect and thermoresponsiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apan Qian
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry, Department of Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Materials Building Room 447, Nanchen Street 333, Shanghai 200444, China.
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Schwarz DH, Engelke A, Wenz G. Solubilizing steroidal drugs by β-cyclodextrin derivatives. Int J Pharm 2017; 531:559-567. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.07.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Markenstein L, Appelt-Menzel A, Metzger M, Wenz G. Conjugates of methylated cyclodextrin derivatives and hydroxyethyl starch (HES): Synthesis, cytotoxicity and inclusion of anaesthetic actives. Beilstein J Org Chem 2014; 10:3087-96. [PMID: 25670977 PMCID: PMC4311715 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.10.325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The mono-6-deoxy-6-azides of 2,6-di-O-methyl-β-cyclodextrin (DIMEB) and randomly methylated-β-cyclodextrin (RAMEB) were conjugated to propargylated hydroxyethyl starch (HES) by Cu(+)-catalysed [2 + 3] cycloaddition. The resulting water soluble polymers showed lower critical solution temperatures (LCST) at 52.5 °C (DIMEB-HES) and 84.5 °C (RAMEB-HES), respectively. LCST phase separations could be completely avoided by the introduction of a small amount of carboxylate groups at the HES backbone. The methylated CDs conjugated to the HES backbone exhibited significantly lower cytotoxicities than the corresponding monomeric CD derivatives. Since the binding potentials of these CD conjugates were very high, they are promising candidates for new oral dosage forms of anaesthetic actives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Markenstein
- Organic Macromolecular Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus C4.2, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Antje Appelt-Menzel
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Röntgenring 11, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Marco Metzger
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Röntgenring 11, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Gerhard Wenz
- Organic Macromolecular Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus C4.2, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
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