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Grantham H, Lee RJ, Wardas GM, Mistry JR, Elsegood MRJ, Wright IA, Pritchard GJ, Kimber MC. Transition-Metal-Free Continuous-Flow Synthesis of 2,5-Diaryl Furans: Access to Medicinal Building Blocks and Optoelectronic Materials. J Org Chem 2024; 89:484-497. [PMID: 38143311 PMCID: PMC10777415 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
The direct transformation of 1,3-dienes into valuable 2,5-diarylfurans using transition-metal-free conditions is presented. By employing a simple oxidation─dehydration sequence on readily accessible 1,3-dienes, important 2,5-diarylfuran building blocks frequently used in medicinal and material chemistry are prepared. The oxidation step is realized using singlet oxygen, and the intermediate endoperoxide is dehydrated under metal-free conditions and at ambient temperature using the Appel reagent. Notably, this sequence can be streamlined into continuous flow, thereby eliminating the isolation of the intermediate, often unstable endoperoxide. This leads to a significant improvement in isolated yields (ca. 27% average increase) of the 2,5-diarylfurans while also increasing safety and reducing waste. Our transition-metal-free synthetic approach to 2,5-diarylfurans delivers several important furan building blocks used commonly in medicinal chemistry and as optoelectronic materials, including short-chain linearly conjugated furan oligomers. Consequently, we also complete a short study of the optical and electrochemical properties of a selection of these novel materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena
F. Grantham
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Science, Loughborough
University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, U.K.
| | - Robert J. Lee
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Science, Loughborough
University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, U.K.
| | - Grzegorz M. Wardas
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Science, Loughborough
University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, U.K.
| | - Jai-Ram Mistry
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Science, Loughborough
University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, U.K.
| | - Mark R. J. Elsegood
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Science, Loughborough
University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, U.K.
| | - Iain A. Wright
- The
School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, U.K.
| | - Gareth J. Pritchard
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Science, Loughborough
University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, U.K.
| | - Marc C. Kimber
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Science, Loughborough
University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, U.K.
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2
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Brandner L, Müller TJJ. Multicomponent synthesis of chromophores – The one-pot approach to functional π-systems. Front Chem 2023; 11:1124209. [PMID: 37007054 PMCID: PMC10065161 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1124209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Multicomponent reactions, conducted in a domino, sequential or consecutive fashion, have not only considerably enhanced synthetic efficiency as one-pot methodology, but they have also become an enabling tool for interdisciplinary research. The highly diversity-oriented nature of the synthetic concept allows accessing huge structural and functional space. Already some decades ago this has been recognized for life sciences, in particular, lead finding and exploration in pharma and agricultural chemistry. The quest for novel functional materials has also opened the field for diversity-oriented syntheses of functional π-systems, i.e. dyes for photonic and electronic applications based on their electronic properties. This review summarizes recent developments in MCR syntheses of functional chromophores highlighting syntheses following either the framework forming scaffold approach by establishing connectivity between chromophores or the chromogenic chromophore approach by de novo formation of chromophore of interest. Both approaches warrant rapid access to molecular functional π-systems, i.e. chromophores, fluorophores, and electrophores for various applications.
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Abstract
Metal-catalyzed hydrofunctionalization reactions of alkynes, i.e., the addition of Y–H units (Y = heteroatom or carbon) across the carbon–carbon triple bond, have attracted enormous attention for decades since they allow the straightforward and atom-economic access to a wide variety of functionalized olefins and, in its intramolecular version, to relevant heterocyclic and carbocyclic compounds. Despite conjugated 1,3-diynes being considered key building blocks in synthetic organic chemistry, this particular class of alkynes has been much less employed in hydrofunctionalization reactions when compared to terminal or internal monoynes. The presence of two C≡C bonds in conjugated 1,3-diynes adds to the classical regio- and stereocontrol issues associated with the alkyne hydrofunctionalization processes’ other problems, such as the possibility to undergo 1,2-, 3,4-, or 1,4-monoadditions as well as double addition reactions, thus increasing the number of potential products that can be formed. In this review article, metal-catalyzed hydrofunctionalization reactions of these challenging substrates are comprehensively discussed.
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Nenajdenko VG. Access to molecular complexity. Multicomponent reactions involving five or more components. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2020. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr5010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The evaluation of the significance of a chemical transformation addresses many factors, including such important characteristics as the number of chemical bonds formed in one step, the reaction time, labour intensity, the cost of reactants and catalysts and so on. The amount of waste produced in the reaction has also gained increasing importance in recent years. Multicomponent reactions (MCRs) occupy a special place as a synthetic tool in modern organic chemistry. These reactions allow the synthesis of target products with complex structures, minimizing labour costs. This review summarizes the literature on multicomponent reactions involving five or more components. The data in the review are classified according to the number of reactants participating in the reaction and the types of reactions. It is worth noting that in some cases, these transformations can be a part of a domino process, making this classification difficult, if not impossible. The structural diversity of the reaction products greatly increases with increasing number of components involved in the MCR, which becomes virtually unlimited when using combinations of MCRs. This review highlights the main trends of past decades in the field of MCRs. The last two decades have witnessed an explosive growth in the number of publications in this area of chemistry.
The bibliography includes 309 references.
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Akhtar R, Zahoor AF. Transition metal catalyzed Glaser and Glaser-Hay coupling reactions: Scope, classical/green methodologies and synthetic applications. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2020.1802757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rabia Akhtar
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ameer Fawad Zahoor
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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6
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Huang G, Yin B. Palladium‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling of Furfuryl Alcohols with Arylboronic Acids
via
Aromatization‐Driven Carbon−Carbon Bond Cleavage to Synthesize 5‐Arylfurfuryl Alcohols and 2,5‐Diaryl Furans. Adv Synth Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201900799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guanghao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringSouth China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 People's Republic of China
| | - Biaolin Yin
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringSouth China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 People's Republic of China
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Huang G, Lu L, Jiang H, Yin B. Aerobic oxidative α-arylation of furans with boronic acids via Pd(ii)-catalyzed C–C bond cleavage of primary furfuryl alcohols: sustainable access to arylfurans. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:12217-12220. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc07111f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Aerobic oxidative α-arylation of furans with boronic acids via Pd(ii)-catalyzed C–C bond cleavage of primary furfuryl alcohol provides sustainable access to arylfurans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- P. R. China
| | - Lin Lu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- P. R. China
| | - Huanfeng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- P. R. China
| | - Biaolin Yin
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- P. R. China
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Ishikawa R, Iwasawa R, Takiyama Y, Yamauchi T, Iwanaga T, Takezaki M, Watanabe M, Teramoto N, Shimasaki T, Shibata M. Synthesis of 1,2-Bis(2-aryl-1H-indol-3-yl)ethynes via 5-exo-Digonal Double Cyclization Reactions of 1,4-Bis(2-isocyanophenyl)buta-1,3-diyne with Aryl Grignard Reagents. J Org Chem 2016; 82:652-663. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b02668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rino Ishikawa
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Chiba Institute of Technology, 2-17-1 Tsudanuma, Narashino, Chiba 275-0016, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Iwasawa
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Chiba Institute of Technology, 2-17-1 Tsudanuma, Narashino, Chiba 275-0016, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Takiyama
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Chiba Institute of Technology, 2-17-1 Tsudanuma, Narashino, Chiba 275-0016, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Yamauchi
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Okayama University of Science, 1-1 Ridaicho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-0005, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Iwanaga
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Okayama University of Science, 1-1 Ridaicho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-0005, Japan
| | - Makoto Takezaki
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Okayama University of Science, 1-1 Ridaicho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-0005, Japan
| | - Motonori Watanabe
- International
Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy Research (I2CNER), Molecular Photoconversion Devices Division, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Naozumi Teramoto
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Chiba Institute of Technology, 2-17-1 Tsudanuma, Narashino, Chiba 275-0016, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Shimasaki
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Chiba Institute of Technology, 2-17-1 Tsudanuma, Narashino, Chiba 275-0016, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Shibata
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Chiba Institute of Technology, 2-17-1 Tsudanuma, Narashino, Chiba 275-0016, Japan
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Urselmann D, Deilhof K, Mayer B, Müller TJJ. Thiophene-forming one-pot synthesis of three thienyl-bridged oligophenothiazines and their electronic properties. Beilstein J Org Chem 2016; 12:2055-2064. [PMID: 27829911 PMCID: PMC5082470 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.12.194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The pseudo five-component Sonogashira-Glaser cyclization synthesis of symmetrically 2,5-diaryl-substituted thiophenes is excellently suited to access thienyl-bridged oligophenothiazines in a one-pot fashion. Three thienyl-bridged systems were intensively studied by UV-vis and fluorescence spectroscopy as well as by cyclic voltammetry. The oxidation proceeds with lower oxidation potentials and consistently reversible oxidations can be identified. The Stokes shifts are large and substantial fluorescence quantum yields can be measured. Computational chemistry indicates lowest energy conformers with sigmoidal and helical structure, similar to oligophenothiazines. TD-DFT and even semiempirical ZINDO calculations reproduce the trends of longest wavelengths absorption bands and allow the assignment of these transitions to possess largely charge-transfer character from the adjacent phenothiazinyl moieties to the central thienyl unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Urselmann
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Konstantin Deilhof
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Bernhard Mayer
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Thomas J J Müller
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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10
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Levi L, Müller TJJ. Multicomponent Syntheses of Fluorophores Initiated by Metal Catalysis. European J Org Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201600409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucilla Levi
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie; Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf; Universitätsstrasse 1 40225 Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Thomas J. J. Müller
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie; Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf; Universitätsstrasse 1 40225 Düsseldorf Germany
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11
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Moni L, Gers-Panther CF, Anselmo M, Müller TJJ, Riva R. Highly Convergent Synthesis of Intensively Blue Emissive Furo[2,3-c
]isoquinolines by a Palladium-Catalyzed Cyclization Cascade of Unsaturated Ugi Products. Chemistry 2016; 22:2020-2031. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201504335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Moni
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale; University of Genova; Via Dodecaneso 31 16146 Genova Italy
| | - Charlotte F. Gers-Panther
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromoleculare Chemie; Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf; Universitätsstraße 1 40225 Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Manuel Anselmo
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale; University of Genova; Via Dodecaneso 31 16146 Genova Italy
| | - Thomas J. J. Müller
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromoleculare Chemie; Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf; Universitätsstraße 1 40225 Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Renata Riva
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale; University of Genova; Via Dodecaneso 31 16146 Genova Italy
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Kazantsev MS, Frantseva ES, Kudriashova LG, Konstantinov VG, Mannanov AA, Rybalova TV, Karpova EV, Shundrina IK, Kamaev GN, Pshenichnikov MS, Mostovich EA, Paraschuk DY. Highly-emissive solution-grown furan/phenylene co-oligomer single crystals. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra23160h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Solution-grown single crystals of furan/phenylene co-oligomer combine efficient charge transport properties and high fluorescence efficiency.
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13
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Sequentially Palladium-Catalyzed Processes in One-Pot Syntheses of Heterocycles. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2015. [DOI: 10.3390/app5041803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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14
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Nordmann J, Eierhoff S, Denißen M, Mayer B, Müller TJJ. Two-Step Synthesis of Blue Luminescent (Pyrrol-3-yl)-1H-(aza)indazoles Based on a Three-Component Coupling-Cyclocondensation Sequence. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201500575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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