1
|
Gatsios A, Kim CS, York AG, Flavell RA, Crawford JM. Cellular Stress-Induced Metabolites in Escherichia coli. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2022; 85:2626-2640. [PMID: 36346625 PMCID: PMC9949963 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.2c00706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Escherichia coli isolates commonly inhabit the human microbiota, yet the majority of E. coli's small-molecule repertoire remains uncharacterized. We previously employed erythromycin-induced translational stress to facilitate the characterization of autoinducer-3 (AI-3) and structurally related pyrazinones derived from "abortive" tRNA synthetase reactions in pathogenic, commensal, and probiotic E. coli isolates. In this study, we explored the "missing" tryptophan-derived pyrazinone reaction and characterized two other families of metabolites that were similarly upregulated under erythromycin stress. Strikingly, the abortive tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase reaction leads to a tetracyclic indole alkaloid metabolite (1) rather than a pyrazinone. Furthermore, erythromycin induced two naphthoquinone-functionalized metabolites (MK-hCys, 2; and MK-Cys, 3) and four lumazines (7-10). Using genetic and metabolite analyses coupled with biomimetic synthesis, we provide support that the naphthoquinones are derived from 4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoic acid (DHNA), an intermediate in the menaquinone biosynthetic pathway, and the amino acids homocysteine and cysteine. In contrast, the lumazines are dependent on a flavin intermediate and α-ketoacids from the aminotransferases AspC and TyrB. We show that one of the lumazine members (9), an indole-functionalized analogue, possesses antioxidant properties, modulates the anti-inflammatory fate of isolated TH17 cells, and serves as an aryl-hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) agonist. These three systems described here serve to illustrate that new metabolic branches could be more commonly derived from well-established primary metabolic pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Gatsios
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
- Institute of Biomolecular Design & Discovery, Yale University, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, United States
| | - Chung Sub Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
- Institute of Biomolecular Design & Discovery, Yale University, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, United States
- School of Pharmacy and Department of Biopharmaceutical Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Autumn G. York
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Richard A. Flavell
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jason M. Crawford
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
- Institute of Biomolecular Design & Discovery, Yale University, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, United States
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kan J, Chen Z, Qiu Z, Lv L, Li C, Li CJ. Umpolung carbonyls enable direct allylation and olefination of carbohydrates. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabm6840. [PMID: 35263121 PMCID: PMC8906572 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abm6840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Mother Nature has its own arts to build a vast number of carbohydrates; however, there is still a lack of tools for selective functionalization of native carbohydrates through C─C bond formation. Such a long-standing challenge for the synthetic community lies into the intrinsic problems related to the innate properties of carbohydrates, e.g., the ease to oligomerization or polymerization, the difficulty of chemoselectivity control in the presence of multiple hydroxyl groups, the great challenge to retain the multiple chiral centers during the transformation, etc. Here, by applying an umpolung strategy of carbohydrate carbonyls, we report a direct deoxygenative allylation and olefination of carbohydrates to tackle the abovementioned issues. The reaction is compatible with a wide range of natural carbohydrates, providing a direct synthetic method to use carbohydrates as multiple C-centered chiral synthons to achieve C─C bond cross-coupling reactions. Furthermore, the synthetic applicability is demonstrated by late-stage modifications of natural products and pharmaceutical derivatives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Kan
- Department of Chemistry and FRQNT Center for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
| | - Zhangpei Chen
- Department of Chemistry and FRQNT Center for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
- Center for Molecular Science and Engineering, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, P. R. China
| | - Zihang Qiu
- Department of Chemistry and FRQNT Center for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Leiyang Lv
- Department of Chemistry and FRQNT Center for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Chenchen Li
- Department of Chemistry and FRQNT Center for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Chao-Jun Li
- Department of Chemistry and FRQNT Center for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yvorra T, Steinmetz A, Retailleau P, Lantz O, Schmidt F. Synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular modelling of new potent clickable analogues of 5-OP-RU for their use as chemical probes for the study of MAIT cell biology. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 211:113066. [PMID: 33341648 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.113066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
MAIT cells are preset αβ T lymphocytes that recognize a series of microbial antigens exclusively derived from the riboflavin biosynthesis pathway, which is present in most bacteria. The most active known antigen is unstable 5-(2-oxopropylideneamino)-6-(d-ribitylamino)uracil (5-OP-RU) which is stabilized when bound and presented to MAIT cells by MHC-related protein 1 (MR1). Here we describe the chemical synthesis and biological evaluation of new chemical probes for the study of MAIT cell biology. The two probes were ethinyl functionalized analogues of 5-OP-RU able to react through CuAAC also called "click chemistry". The molecules up-regulated more MR1 than 5-OP-RU and they efficiently activated iVα19 Vβ8 TCR transgenic murine MAIT cells but not iVα19 TCRα transgenic MAIT cells indicating a surprisingly strong impact of the TRCβ chain. Moreover, the use of these molecules as chemical probes was validated in vitro by efficient and selective binding to MR1 revealed via fluorescence microscopy. This study was also complemented by molecular modelling investigation of the probes and the binary/ternary complexes they form with MR1 and the TCR. These new probes will be crucial to delineate the dynamics of 5-OP-RU at the cellular or whole organism level and to identify the cells presenting 5-OP-RU to MAIT cells in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Yvorra
- Institut Curie, PSL University, CNRS UMR3666, INSERM U1143, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Anke Steinmetz
- Centre de Recherche et Développement Vitry-Alfortville, IDD/ISDD, Sanofi-Aventis R&D, Vitry-sur-Seine, 94400, France
| | - Pascal Retailleau
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301, Université Paris-Saclay, 1 Avenue de La Terrasse, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91190, France
| | - Olivier Lantz
- Institut Curie, PSL University, INSERM U932, Paris, 75005, France; Institut Curie, Laboratoire D'immunologie Clinique, Paris, 75005, France; Centre D'investigation Clinique en Biothérapie, Institut Curie (CIC-BT1428), Paris, 75005, France
| | - Frédéric Schmidt
- Institut Curie, PSL University, CNRS UMR3666, INSERM U1143, Paris, 75005, France.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang J, Rong J, Lou Q, Zhu Y, Yang Y. Synthesis of l- glycero- and d- glycero-d- manno-Heptose Building Blocks for Stereoselective Assembly of the Lipopolysaccharide Core Trisaccharide of Vibrio parahemolyticus O2. Org Lett 2020; 22:8018-8022. [PMID: 32991182 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c02961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of bacterial cell surface l-glycero-d-manno-heptose (l,d-Hep)- and d-glycero-d-manno-heptose (d,d-Hep)-containing higher carbon sugars is a challenging task. Here, we report a convenient and efficient approach for the synthesis of the l,d-Hep and d,d-Hep building blocks. Using l-lyxose and d-ribose as starting materials, this approach features diastereoselective Mukaiyama-type aldol reactions as the key steps. On the basis of the synthetic l,d-Hep and d,d-Hep building blocks, we achieved the first stereoselective synthesis of the unique α-l,d-Hep-(1→3)-α-d,d-Hep-(1→5)-α-Kdo core trisaccharide of the lipopolysaccharide of Vibrio parahemolyticus O2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junchang Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jingjing Rong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Qixin Lou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yirong Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - You Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| |
Collapse
|