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Blaj DA, Peptu CA, Danu M, Harabagiu V, Peptu C, Bujor A, Ochiuz L, Tuchiluș CG. Enrofloxacin Pharmaceutical Formulations through the Polymer-Free Electrospinning of β-Cyclodextrin-oligolactide Derivatives. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:903. [PMID: 39065598 PMCID: PMC11279624 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16070903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Enrofloxacin (ENR), a member of the fluoroquinolone class of antibiotics, is widely used in veterinary medicine to treat bacterial infections. Like many antibiotics, ENR has limited water solubility and low bioavailability. To address these challenges, drug formulations using solid dispersions, nanosuspensions, surfactants, cocrystal/salt formation, and inclusion complexes with cyclodextrins may be employed. The approach described herein proposes the development of ENR formulations by co-electrospinning ENR with custom-prepared cyclodextrin-oligolactide (CDLA) derivatives. This method benefits from the high solubility of these derivatives, enabling polymer-free electrospinning. The electrospinning parameters were optimized to incorporate significant amounts of ENR into the CDLA nanofibrous webs, reaching up to 15.6% by weight. The obtained formulations were characterized by FTIR and NMR spectroscopy methods and evaluated for their antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This study indicates that the presence of CDLA derivative does not inhibit the antibacterial activity of ENR, recommending these formulations for further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana-Andreea Blaj
- “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 700487 Iasi, Romania; (D.-A.B.); (V.H.)
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Protection of the Environment, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iasi, 700050 Iasi, Romania; (C.A.P.); (M.D.)
| | - Cătălina Anișoara Peptu
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Protection of the Environment, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iasi, 700050 Iasi, Romania; (C.A.P.); (M.D.)
| | - Maricel Danu
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Protection of the Environment, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iasi, 700050 Iasi, Romania; (C.A.P.); (M.D.)
| | - Valeria Harabagiu
- “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 700487 Iasi, Romania; (D.-A.B.); (V.H.)
| | - Cristian Peptu
- “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 700487 Iasi, Romania; (D.-A.B.); (V.H.)
| | - Alexandra Bujor
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Grigore. T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Lăcrămioara Ochiuz
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Grigore. T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
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Mass Spectrometry of Esterified Cyclodextrins. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052001. [PMID: 36903247 PMCID: PMC10003902 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclodextrins are cyclic oligosaccharides that have received special attention due to their cavity-based structural architecture that imbues them with outstanding properties, primarily related to their capacity to host various guest molecules, from low-molecular-mass compounds to polymers. Cyclodextrin derivatization has been always accompanied by the development of characterization methods, able to unfold complicated structures with increasing precision. One of the important leaps forward is represented by mass spectrometry techniques with soft ionization, mainly matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) and electrospray ionization (ESI). In this context, esterified cyclodextrins (ECDs) benefited also from the formidable input of structural knowledge, thus allowing the understanding of the structural impact of reaction parameters on the obtained products, especially for the ring-opening oligomerization of cyclic esters. The current review envisages the common mass spectrometry approaches such as direct MALDI MS or ESI MS analysis, hyphenated liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, and tandem mass spectrometry, employed for unraveling the structural features and particular processes associated with ECDs. Thus, the accurate description of complex architectures, advances in the gas phase fragmentation processes, assessment of secondary reactions, and reaction kinetics are discussed in addition to typical molecular mass measurements.
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Opalkova Siskova A, Sacarescu L, Opalek A, Mosnacek J, Peptu C. Electrospinning of Cyclodextrin-Oligolactide Derivatives. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13020203. [PMID: 36830572 PMCID: PMC9953490 DOI: 10.3390/biom13020203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The materials used for the preparation of electrospun mats exhibit a large variety. Among them, cyclodextrins (CDs) and their derivatives have received thorough attention. Herein, we focus on the preparation of electrospun fibers based on biodegradable cyclodextrin-oligolactide (CDLA) derivatives, which may be qualified as polymer-free cyclodextrin. CDLA was prepared by ring opening of L-lactide initiated by the β-cyclodextrin. A clear structural image of the high-purity CDLA product was proved by MALDI MS. Preparation of the electrospun mats was optimized by taking into consideration the electrospinning parameters such as applied voltage, needle-to-collector distance, flow rate, the concentration of cyclodextrin solutions, and solvent type. The obtained electrospun fibers were morphologically characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). SEM allowed the optimization of the electrospinning process to obtain beadless fibers with submicronic diameters. Further analysis by TEM and SAXS revealed the inner structural features of the CDLA-based filaments. Our results showed that the high purity CDLA materials, structurally well-defined at the molecular level, are suitable for the preparation of electrospun mats by using dimethylformamide or a water/acetonitrile mixture as electrospinning solvents, similar to lower molecular weight commercial cyclodextrin derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena Opalkova Siskova
- Polymer Institute of Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 9, 84541 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Liviu Sacarescu
- “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Aleea Grigore Gica Voda 41A, 700487 Iasi, Romania
| | - Andrej Opalek
- Institute of Material and Machine Mechanics of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 84513 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jaroslav Mosnacek
- Polymer Institute of Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 9, 84541 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Cristian Peptu
- Polymer Institute of Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 9, 84541 Bratislava, Slovakia
- “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Aleea Grigore Gica Voda 41A, 700487 Iasi, Romania
- Correspondence:
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Harvey DJ. Analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry: An update for 2017-2018. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2023; 42:227-431. [PMID: 34719822 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This review is the tenth update of the original article published in 1999 on the application of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI) mass spectrometry to the analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates and brings coverage of the literature to the end of 2018. Also included are papers that describe methods appropriate to glycan and glycoprotein analysis by MALDI, such as sample preparation techniques, even though the ionization method is not MALDI. Topics covered in the first part of the review include general aspects such as theory of the MALDI process, new methods, matrices, derivatization, MALDI imaging, fragmentation and the use of arrays. The second part of the review is devoted to applications to various structural types such as oligo- and poly-saccharides, glycoproteins, glycolipids, glycosides, and biopharmaceuticals. Most of the applications are presented in tabular form. The third part of the review covers medical and industrial applications of the technique, studies of enzyme reactions, and applications to chemical synthesis. The reported work shows increasing use of combined new techniques such as ion mobility and highlights the impact that MALDI imaging is having across a range of diciplines. MALDI is still an ideal technique for carbohydrate analysis and advancements in the technique and the range of applications continue steady progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Harvey
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Peptu C, Blaj DA, Balan-Porcarasu M, Rydz J. Cyclodextrin-Oligocaprolactone Derivatives-Synthesis and Advanced Structural Characterization by MALDI Mass Spectrometry. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:1436. [PMID: 35406308 PMCID: PMC9003485 DOI: 10.3390/polym14071436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclodextrins have previously been proven to be active in the catalysis of cyclic ester ring-opening reactions, hypothetically in a similar way to lipase-catalyzed reactions. However, the way they act remains unclear. Here, we focus on β-cyclodextrin's involvement in the synthesis and characterization of β-cyclodextrin-oligocaprolactone (CDCL) products obtained via the organo-catalyzed ring-opening of ε-caprolactone. Previously, bulk or supercritical carbon dioxide polymerizations has led to inhomogeneous products. Our approach consists of solution polymerization (dimethyl sulfoxide and dimethylformamide) to obtain homogeneous CDCL derivatives with four monomer units on average. Oligomerization kinetics, performed by a matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI MS) optimized method in tandem with 1H NMR, revealed that monomer conversion occurs in two stages: first, the monomer is rapidly attached to the secondary OH groups of β-cyclodextrin and, secondly, the monomer conversion is slower with attachment to the primary OH groups. MALDI MS was further employed for the measurement of the ring-opening kinetics to establish the influence of the solvents as well as the effect of organocatalysts (4-dimethylaminopyridine and (-)-sparteine). Additionally, the mass spectrometry structural evaluation was further enhanced by fragmentation studies which confirmed the attachment of oligoesters to the cyclodextrin and the cleavage of dimethylformamide amide bonds during the ring-opening process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Peptu
- Petru Poni Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Grigore Ghica Voda Alley, 41A, 700487 Iasi, Romania; (D.-A.B.); (M.B.-P.)
- Polish-Romanian Laboratory ADVAPOL, M. Curie-Skłodowska 34, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland and Aleea Grigore Ghica Voda, 41A, 700487 Iasi, Romania
| | - Diana-Andreea Blaj
- Petru Poni Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Grigore Ghica Voda Alley, 41A, 700487 Iasi, Romania; (D.-A.B.); (M.B.-P.)
| | - Mihaela Balan-Porcarasu
- Petru Poni Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Grigore Ghica Voda Alley, 41A, 700487 Iasi, Romania; (D.-A.B.); (M.B.-P.)
| | - Joanna Rydz
- Polish-Romanian Laboratory ADVAPOL, M. Curie-Skłodowska 34, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland and Aleea Grigore Ghica Voda, 41A, 700487 Iasi, Romania
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, M. Curie-Skłodowska 34, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland
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Cyclodextrins Initiated Ring-Opening Polymerization of Lactide Using 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) as Catalyst: Study of DMAP/β-CD Inclusion Complex and Access to New Structures. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27031083. [PMID: 35164347 PMCID: PMC8838909 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27031083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclodextrins (CDs) are cyclic oligosaccharides used in many fields. Grafting polymers onto CDs enables new structures and applications to be obtained. Polylactide (PLA) is a biobased, biocompatible aliphatic polyester that can be grafted onto CDs by -OH-initiated ring-opening polymerization. Using 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) as an organocatalyst, a quantitative functionalization is reached on native α-, β-, γ- and 2,3-dimethyl- β-cyclodextrins. Narrow molecular weight distributions are obtained with the native CDs (dispersity < 1.1). The DMAP/β-CD combination is used as a case study, and the formation of an inclusion complex (1/1) is shown for the first time in the literature, which is fully characterized by NMR. The inclusion of DMAP into the cavity occurs via the secondary rim of the β-CD and the association constant (Ka) is estimated to be 88.2 M−1. Its use as an initiator for ring-opening polymerization leads to a partial functionalization efficiency, and thus a more hydrophilic β-CD-PLA conjugate than that obtained starting from native β-CD. Polymerization results including also the use of the adamantane/β-CD inclusion complex as an initiator suggest that inclusion of the DMAP catalyst into the CD may not occur during polymerization reactions. Rac-lactide does not form an inclusion complex with β-CD.
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Blaj DA, Balan-Porcarasu M, Petre BA, Harabagiu V, Peptu C. MALDI mass spectrometry monitoring of cyclodextrin-oligolactide derivatives synthesis. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.124186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Oliva E, Mathiron D, Rigaud S, Monflier E, Sevin E, Bricout H, Tilloy S, Gosselet F, Fenart L, Bonnet V, Pilard S, Djedaini-Pilard F. New Lipidyl-Cyclodextrins Obtained by Ring Opening of Methyl Oleate Epoxide Using Ball Milling. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E339. [PMID: 32093153 PMCID: PMC7072689 DOI: 10.3390/biom10020339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Bearing grafts based on fatty esters derivatives, lipidyl-cyclodextrins (L-CDs) are compounds able to form water-soluble nano-objects. In this context, bicatenary biobased lipidic-cyclodextrins of low DS were easily synthesized from a fatty ester epoxide by means of alternative methods (ball-milling conditions, use of enzymes). The ring opening reaction of methyl oleate epoxide needs ball-milling and is highly specific of cyclodextrins in solventless conditions. L-CDs are thus composed of complex mixtures that were deciphered by an extensive structural analysis using mainly mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy. In addition, as part of their potential use as vectors of active drugs, these products were submitted to an integrity study on in vitro model of the blood-brain-barrier (BBB) and the intestinal epithelium. No toxicity has been observed, suggesting that applications for the vectorization of active ingredients can be expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estefania Oliva
- LG2A UMR CNRS 7378, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80039 Amiens CEDEX, France; (E.O.); (V.B.)
| | - David Mathiron
- Plateforme Analytique, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80039 Amiens CEDEX, France; (D.M.); (S.R.); (S.P.)
| | - Sébastien Rigaud
- Plateforme Analytique, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80039 Amiens CEDEX, France; (D.M.); (S.R.); (S.P.)
| | - Eric Monflier
- Univ. Artois, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Lille, UMR 8181–UCCS–Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide, F-62300 Lens, France; (E.M.); (H.B.); (S.T.)
| | - Emmanuel Sevin
- LBHE EA 2465, Université d’Artois, 62307 Lens CEDEX, France; (E.S.); (F.G.); (L.F.)
| | - Hervé Bricout
- Univ. Artois, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Lille, UMR 8181–UCCS–Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide, F-62300 Lens, France; (E.M.); (H.B.); (S.T.)
| | - Sébastien Tilloy
- Univ. Artois, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Lille, UMR 8181–UCCS–Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide, F-62300 Lens, France; (E.M.); (H.B.); (S.T.)
| | - Fabien Gosselet
- LBHE EA 2465, Université d’Artois, 62307 Lens CEDEX, France; (E.S.); (F.G.); (L.F.)
| | - Laurence Fenart
- LBHE EA 2465, Université d’Artois, 62307 Lens CEDEX, France; (E.S.); (F.G.); (L.F.)
| | - Véronique Bonnet
- LG2A UMR CNRS 7378, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80039 Amiens CEDEX, France; (E.O.); (V.B.)
| | - Serge Pilard
- Plateforme Analytique, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80039 Amiens CEDEX, France; (D.M.); (S.R.); (S.P.)
| | - Florence Djedaini-Pilard
- LG2A UMR CNRS 7378, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80039 Amiens CEDEX, France; (E.O.); (V.B.)
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Chizhov AO, Tsvetkov YE, Nifantiev NE. Gas-Phase Fragmentation of Cyclic Oligosaccharides in Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24122226. [PMID: 31207901 PMCID: PMC6631135 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24122226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Modern mass spectrometry, including electrospray and MALDI, is applied for analysis and structure elucidation of carbohydrates. Cyclic oligosaccharides isolated from different sources (bacteria and plants) have been known for decades and some of them (cyclodextrins and their derivatives) are widely used in drug design, as food additives, in the construction of nanomaterials, etc. The peculiarities of the first- and second-order mass spectra of cyclic oligosaccharides (natural, synthetic and their derivatives and modifications: cyclodextrins, cycloglucans, cyclofructans, cyclooligoglucosamines, etc.) are discussed in this minireview.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander O Chizhov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Science, Leninskii Prosp., 47, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Yury E Tsvetkov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Science, Leninskii Prosp., 47, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Nikolay E Nifantiev
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Science, Leninskii Prosp., 47, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
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Peptu C, Danchenko M, Škultéty Ľ, Mosnáček J. Structural Architectural Features of Cyclodextrin Oligoesters Revealed by Fragmentation Mass Spectrometry Analysis. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23092259. [PMID: 30189595 PMCID: PMC6225376 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23092259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclodextrins (CDs) were used in the present study for the ring-opening oligomerization (ROO) of l-lactide (LA) in order to synthesize biodegradable products with possible applications in pharmaceutical and medical fields. The practical importance of ROO reactions may reside in the possibility of synthesizing novel CD derivatives with high purity due to the dual role played by CDs, the role of the initiator through the hydroxylic groups, and the role of the catalyst by monomer inclusion in the CD cavity. The analyzed compounds were CDs modified with oligolactides obtained through ROO reactions of l-lactide in dimethylformamide. The resulting CD isomeric mixtures were investigated using classical characterization techniques such as gel permeation chromatography and nuclear magnetic resonance. Moreover, advanced mass spectrometry (MS) techniques were employed for the determination of the average number of monomer units attached to the cyclodextrin and the architecture of the derivatives (if the monomer units were attached as a single chain or as multiple chains). Thus, fragmentation studies effectuated on two different instruments (ESI Q-TOF and MALDI TOF) allowed us to correlate the size of the oligolactide chains attached to the CD with the observed fragmentation patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Peptu
- Polymer Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 84541 Bratislava, Slovakia.
- "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Grigore Ghica Voda 41A, 700487 Iasi, Romania.
| | - Maksym Danchenko
- Institute of Virology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 84505 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Ľudovít Škultéty
- Institute of Virology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 84505 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Jaroslav Mosnáček
- Polymer Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 84541 Bratislava, Slovakia.
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