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Pan C, Wang L, Han J. Diaryliodonium Salts Enabled Arylation, Arylocyclization, and Aryl-Migration. CHEM REC 2023; 23:e202300138. [PMID: 37249418 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Our research interest focusing on synthetic methodology with diaryliodonium salts, is summarized in this account. Besides employing a dual activation strategy of C-I and ortho C-H bonds, we have introduced vicinal functional groups at ortho-positions of diaryliodonium salts, in which their unique reactivities have been explored in various processes, including arylation, diarylation, cascade annulation, benzocyclization, arylocyclization, and intramolecular aryl migration. The variety of mechanisms of these reactions that involves either transition metals, especially palladium in organometallic catalysis, or transition-metal free conditions, were discussed in the context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Pan
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Department of Fine Chemistry and Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Limin Wang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Department of Fine Chemistry and Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Jianwei Han
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Department of Fine Chemistry and Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
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2
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Karandikar SS, Metze BE, Roberts RA, Stuart DR. Oxidative Cycloaddition Reactions of Arylboron Reagents via a One-pot Formal Dehydroboration Sequence. Org Lett 2023; 25:6374-6379. [PMID: 37610877 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c02379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Arylboron compounds are widely available and synthetically useful reagents in which the boron group is typically substituted. Herein, we show that the boron group and ortho-hydrogen atom are substituted in a formal cycloaddition reaction. This transformation is enabled by a one-pot sequence involving diaryliodonium and aryne intermediates. The scope of arylboron reagents and arynophiles is demonstrated, and the method is applied to the formal synthesis of an investigational drug candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhendu S Karandikar
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon 97201, United States
| | - Bryan E Metze
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon 97201, United States
| | - Riley A Roberts
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon 97201, United States
| | - David R Stuart
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon 97201, United States
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3
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Roberts RA, Metze BE, Nilova A, Stuart DR. Synthesis of Arynes via Formal Dehydrogenation of Arenes. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:3306-3311. [PMID: 36728842 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c13007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Arynes offer immense potential for diversification of benzenoid rings, which occur in pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and liquid crystals. However, accessing these high-energy intermediates requires synthetic precursors, which involve either harsh conditions or multistep syntheses. The development of alternative methods to access arynes using simpler substrates and milder conditions is necessary for a more streamlined approach. Here, we describe a two-step formal dehydrogenation of simple arenes to generate arynes at a remote position relative to traditionally reactive groups, e.g., halides. This approach is enabled by regioselective installation and ejection of an "onium" leaving group, and we demonstrate the compatibility of simple arenes (20 examples) and arynophiles (8 examples). Moreover, through direct comparison, we show that our formal dehydrogenation method is both more functional group tolerant and efficient in generating arynes than the current state-of-the-art aryne precursors. Finally, we show that aryne intermediates offer opportunities for regioselective C-H amination that are distinct from other methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riley A Roberts
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon 97201, United States
| | - Bryan E Metze
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon 97201, United States
| | - Aleksandra Nilova
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon 97201, United States
| | - David R Stuart
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon 97201, United States
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4
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Gajera G, Henriksen N, Cox B, Kothari V. Identification of anti-pathogenic activity among in silico predicted small-molecule inhibitors of Pseudomonas aeruginosa LasR or nitric oxide reductase (NOR). Drug Target Insights 2023; 17:101-109. [PMID: 37811195 PMCID: PMC10551673 DOI: 10.33393/dti.2023.2638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Antibiotic-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains cause considerable morbidity and mortality globally. Identification of novel targets in this notorious pathogen is urgently warranted to facilitate discovery of new anti-pathogenic agents against it. This study attempted to identify small-molecule inhibitors of two important proteins LasR and nitric oxide reductase (NOR) in P. aeruginosa. 'Las' system can be said to be the 'master' regulator of quorum sensing in P. aeruginosa, whose receptor protein is LasR. Similarly, NOR is crucial to detoxification of reactive nitrogen species. Methods In silico identification of potential LasR or NOR inhibitors was attempted through a virtual screening platform AtomNet® to obtain a final subset of <100 top scoring compounds. These compounds were evaluated for their in vivo anti-pathogenic activity by challenging the model host Caenorhabditis elegans with P. aeruginosa in the presence or absence of test compounds. Survival of the worm population in 24-well assay plates was monitored over a period of 5 days microscopically. Results Of the 96 predicted LasR inhibitors, 11 exhibited anti-Pseudomonas activity (23%-96% inhibition of bacterial virulence as per third-day end-point) at 25-50 µg/mL. Of the 85 predicted NOR inhibitors, 8 exhibited anti-Pseudomonas activity (40%-85% inhibition of bacterial virulence as per second-day end-point) at 25-50 µg/mL. Conclusion Further investigation on molecular mode of action of compounds found active in this study is warranted. Virtual screening can be said to be a useful tool in narrowing down the list of compounds requiring actual wet-lab screening, saving considerable time and efforts for drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemini Gajera
- Institute of Science, Nirma University, Ahmedabad - India
| | | | - Bryan Cox
- Atomwise Inc, San Francisco, CA - USA
| | - Vijay Kothari
- Institute of Science, Nirma University, Ahmedabad - India
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5
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Karandikar SS, Stuart DR. Refining boron-iodane exchange to access versatile arylation reagents. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:1211-1214. [PMID: 34982811 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc06341c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Aryl(Mes)iodonium salts, which are multifaceted aryl transfer reagents, are synthesized via boron-iodane exchange. Modification to both the nucleophilic (aryl boron) and electrophilic (mesityl-λ3-iodane) reaction components results in improved yield and faster reaction time compared to previous conditions. Mechanistic studies reveal a pathway that is more like transmetallation than SEAr.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhendu S Karandikar
- Portland State University, Chemistry, 1719 SW 10th Ave, Science Research and Teaching Center, Portland, Oregon 97201, USA.
| | - David R Stuart
- Portland State University, Chemistry, 1719 SW 10th Ave, Science Research and Teaching Center, Portland, Oregon 97201, USA.
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6
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Karandikar SS, Bhattacharjee A, Metze BE, Javaly N, Valente EJ, McCormick TM, Stuart DR. Orbital analysis of bonding in diarylhalonium salts and relevance to periodic trends in structure and reactivity. Chem Sci 2022; 13:6532-6540. [PMID: 35756513 PMCID: PMC9172531 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc02332f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Diarylhalonium compounds provide new opportunities as reagents and catalysts in the field of organic synthesis. The three center, four electron (3c–4e) bond is a center piece of their reactivity, but structural variation among the diarylhaloniums, and in comparison with other λ3-iodanes, indicates that the model needs refinement for broader applicability. We use a combination of Density Functional Theory (DFT), Natural Bond Orbital (NBO) Theory, and X-ray structure data to correlate bonding and structure for a λ3-iodane and a series of diarylchloronium, bromonium, and iodonium salts, and their isoelectronic diarylchalcogen counterparts. This analysis reveals that the s-orbital on the central halogen atom plays a greater role in the 3c–4e bond than previously considered. Finally, we show that our revised bonding model and associated structures account for both kinetic and thermodynamic reactivity for both acyclic phenyl(mesityl)halonium and cyclic dibenzohalolium salts. A revised bonding model for diarylhalonium salts, that involves partial s-orbital contribution, provides new insight into periodic trends in structure and reactivity.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Avik Bhattacharjee
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, Portland, OR 97201, USA
| | - Bryan E. Metze
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, Portland, OR 97201, USA
| | - Nicole Javaly
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, Portland, OR 97201, USA
| | - Edward J. Valente
- Department of Chemistry, University of Portland, Portland, OR 97203, USA
| | | | - David R. Stuart
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, Portland, OR 97201, USA
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Kikushima K, Elboray EE, Jimenez-Halla JOC, Solorio-Alvarado CR, Dohi T. Diaryliodonium(III) Salts in One-Pot Double Functionalization of C–IIII and ortho C–H Bonds. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:3231-3248. [DOI: 10.1039/d1ob02501e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Since the 1950s, diaryliodonium(III) salts have been demonstrated to participate in various arylation reactions, forming aryl–heteroatom and aryl–carbon bonds. Incorporating the arylation step into sequential transformations would provide access to...
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8
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Lanzi M, Ali Abdine RA, De Abreu M, Wencel-Delord J. Cyclic Diaryl λ 3-Bromanes: A Rapid Access to Molecular Complexity via Cycloaddition Reactions. Org Lett 2021; 23:9047-9052. [PMID: 34806390 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c03278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Biaryls have widespread applications in organic synthesis. However, sequentially polysubstituted biaryls are underdeveloped due to their challenging preparation. Herein, we report the synthesis of dissymetric 2,3,2',3',4-substituted biaryls via pericyclic reactions of cyclic diaryl λ3-bromanes. The functional groups tolerance and atom economy allow access to molecular complexity in a single reaction step. Continuous flow protocol has been designed for the scale-up of the reaction, while postfunctionalizations have been developed taking advantage of the residual Br-atom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Lanzi
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Moléculaire et Applications (UMR CNRS 7042), Université de Strasbourg/Université de Haute Alsace, ECPM, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg, France
| | - Racha Abed Ali Abdine
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Moléculaire et Applications (UMR CNRS 7042), Université de Strasbourg/Université de Haute Alsace, ECPM, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg, France
| | - Maxime De Abreu
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Moléculaire et Applications (UMR CNRS 7042), Université de Strasbourg/Université de Haute Alsace, ECPM, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg, France
| | - Joanna Wencel-Delord
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Moléculaire et Applications (UMR CNRS 7042), Université de Strasbourg/Université de Haute Alsace, ECPM, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg, France
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Nilova A, Metze B, Stuart DR. Aryl(TMP)iodonium Tosylate Reagents as a Strategic Entry Point to Diverse Aryl Intermediates: Selective Access to Arynes. Org Lett 2021; 23:4813-4817. [PMID: 34032454 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c01534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Arenes are broadly found motifs in societally important molecules. Access to diverse arene chemical space is critically important, and the ability to do so from common reagents is highly desirable. Aryl(TMP)iodonium tosylates provide one such access point to arene chemical space via diverse aryl intermediates. Here we demonstrate that controlling reaction pathways selectively leads to arynes with a broad scope of arenes and arynophiles (24 examples, 70% average yield) and efficient access to biologically active compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Nilova
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon 97201, United States
| | - Bryan Metze
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon 97201, United States
| | - David R Stuart
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon 97201, United States
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10
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Nilova A, Sibbald PA, Valente EJ, González‐Montiel GA, Richardson HC, Brown KS, Cheong PH, Stuart DR. Regioselective Synthesis of 1,2,3,4‐Tetrasubstituted Arenes by Vicinal Functionalization of Arynes Derived from Aryl(Mes)iodonium Salts**. Chemistry 2021; 27:7168-7175. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Nilova
- Department of Chemistry Portland State University Portland Oregon 97201 USA
| | - Paul A. Sibbald
- Department of Chemistry Stetson University DeLand Florida 32723 USA
| | - Edward J. Valente
- Department of Chemistry University of Portland Portland Oregon 97203 USA
| | | | | | - Kevin S. Brown
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chemical, Biological, and Environmental Engineering Oregon State University Corvallis Oregon 97331 USA
| | | | - David R. Stuart
- Department of Chemistry Portland State University Portland Oregon 97201 USA
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11
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Abstract
Due to similar reactivity in comparison with aromatic organometallic reagents,
diaryliodonium salts are currently in broad usage as less toxic, highly efficient, stable and
mild electrophilic reagents in organic synthesis. The hypervalent iodine center of diaryliodonium
salts can lead to unique reactivity, which thus is frequently presented in metal-free
arylations or metal-involved elementary reactions such as oxidative addition, reduction
elimination, ligand coupling and ligand exchange reaction. As such, diaryliodonium salts
have experienced explosive growth by transferring aromatics to the target molecules. In
contrast to the reviews on the synthetic utility or aryl transformations by using diaryliodonium
salts, this review provides a summary of their structures and the synthetic strategies
towards them during recent decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Guoqiang An
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Limin Wang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Jianwei Han
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
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12
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Pandey DK, Vijaykumar M, Punji B. Nickel-Catalyzed C(2)-H Arylation of Indoles with Aryl Chlorides under Neat Conditions. J Org Chem 2019; 84:12800-12808. [PMID: 31321982 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b01375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Nickel-catalyzed regioselective C(2)-H arylation of indoles and pyrroles with aryl chlorides is achieved under neat conditions. This method allows the efficient coupling of diverse aryl chlorides employing a user-friendly and inexpensive Ni(OAc)2/dppf catalyst system at 80 °C. Numerous functionalities, such as halides, alkyl ether, fluoro-alkyl ether, and thioether, and substituted amines, including heteroarenes like benzothiazolyl, pyrrolyl, indolyl, and carbazolyl, are well tolerated under the reaction conditions. The preliminary mechanistic study highlights a single-electron transfer (SET) pathway for the arylation reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilip K Pandey
- Organometallic Synthesis and Catalysis Group, Chemical Engineering Division , Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) , CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR-NCL) , Dr. Homi Bhabha Road , Pune 411 008 , Maharashtra , India
| | - Muniyappa Vijaykumar
- Organometallic Synthesis and Catalysis Group, Chemical Engineering Division , Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) , CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR-NCL) , Dr. Homi Bhabha Road , Pune 411 008 , Maharashtra , India
| | - Benudhar Punji
- Organometallic Synthesis and Catalysis Group, Chemical Engineering Division , Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) , CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR-NCL) , Dr. Homi Bhabha Road , Pune 411 008 , Maharashtra , India
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13
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Devaraj K, Ingner FJL, Sollert C, Gates PJ, Orthaber A, Pilarski LT. Arynes and Their Precursors from Arylboronic Acids via Catalytic C-H Silylation. J Org Chem 2019; 84:5863-5871. [PMID: 30835118 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b00221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A new, operationally simple approach is presented to access arynes and their fluoride-activated precursors based on Ru-catalyzed C-H silylation of arylboronates. Chromatographic purification may be deferred until after aryne capture, rendering the arylboronates de facto precursors. Access to various new arynes and their derivatives is demonstrated, including, for the first time, those based on a 2,3-carbazolyne and 2,3-fluorenyne core, which pave the way for novel derivatizations of motifs relevant to materials chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthik Devaraj
- Department of Chemistry - BMC , Uppsala University , Box 576, Uppsala 75-123 , Sweden
| | - Fredric J L Ingner
- Department of Chemistry - BMC , Uppsala University , Box 576, Uppsala 75-123 , Sweden
| | - Carina Sollert
- Department of Chemistry - BMC , Uppsala University , Box 576, Uppsala 75-123 , Sweden
| | - Paul J Gates
- School of Chemistry , University of Bristol , Cantock's Close, Clifton, Bristol BS8 1TS , United Kingdom
| | - Andreas Orthaber
- Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratories , Uppsala University , Box 523, Uppsala 75-120 , Sweden
| | - Lukasz T Pilarski
- Department of Chemistry - BMC , Uppsala University , Box 576, Uppsala 75-123 , Sweden
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14
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Yoshimura A, Saito A, Zhdankin VV. Iodonium Salts as Benzyne Precursors. Chemistry 2018; 24:15156-15166. [PMID: 29797627 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201802111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Reactions involving benzyne and aryne intermediates have found widespread application in organic synthesis. Various benzyne precursors and benzyne generating procedures are known. Recently, methods of benzyne generation from diaryliodonium salts and related hypervalent iodine compounds have received considerable attention. These methods are characterized by mild reaction conditions and applicability in a broad range of chemical transformations. The present minireview is focused on the preparation and reactivity of hypervalent iodine based benzyne precursors. Furthermore, recent developments in their synthetic application are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Yoshimura
- The Tomsk Polytechnic University, 634050, Tomsk, Russia.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Minnesota, Duluth, MN, 55812, USA
| | - Akio Saito
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan
| | - Viktor V Zhdankin
- The Tomsk Polytechnic University, 634050, Tomsk, Russia.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Minnesota, Duluth, MN, 55812, USA
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15
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Yoshimura A, Shea MT, Guselnikova O, Postnikov PS, Rohde GT, Saito A, Yusubov MS, Nemykin VN, Zhdankin VV. Preparation and structure of phenolic aryliodonium salts. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:10363-10366. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc06211k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
para-Hydroxy- and oxy-phenyl(aryl)iodonium salts were prepared and structurally characterized by X-ray crystallography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Yoshimura
- The Tomsk Polytechnic University
- 634050 Tomsk
- Russia
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Minnesota Duluth
| | - Michael T. Shea
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Minnesota Duluth
- USA
| | - Olga Guselnikova
- The Tomsk Polytechnic University
- 634050 Tomsk
- Russia
- Department of Solid State Engineering
- University of Chemistry and Technology
| | - Pavel S. Postnikov
- The Tomsk Polytechnic University
- 634050 Tomsk
- Russia
- Department of Solid State Engineering
- University of Chemistry and Technology
| | | | - Akio Saito
- Division of Applied Chemistry
- Institute of Engineering
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
- Tokyo 184-8588
- Japan
| | | | | | - Viktor V. Zhdankin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Minnesota Duluth
- USA
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