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Zyk NY, Garanina AS, Plotnikova EA, Ber AP, Nimenko EA, Dashkova NS, Uspenskaia AA, Shafikov RR, Skvortsov DA, Petrov SA, Pankratov AA, Zyk NV, Majouga AG, Beloglazkina EK, Machulkin AE. Synthesis of Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen-Targeted Bimodal Conjugates of Cytotoxic Agents and Antiandrogens and Their Comparative Assessment with Monoconjugates. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11327. [PMID: 37511087 PMCID: PMC10380083 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer among men. We designed and synthesized new ligands targeting prostate-specific membrane antigen and suitable for bimodal conjugates with diagnostic and therapeutic agents. In vitro studies of the affinity of the synthesized compounds to the protein target have been carried out. Based on these ligands, a series of bimodal conjugates with a combination of different mitosis inhibitors and antiandrogenic drugs were synthesized. The cytotoxicity of the compounds obtained in vitro was investigated on three different cell lines. The efficacy of the two obtained conjugates was evaluated in vivo in xenograft models of prostate cancer. These compounds have been shown to be highly effective in inhibiting the growth of PSMA-expressing tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolai Y Zyk
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, Building 1/3, GSP-1, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Anastasiia S Garanina
- Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials, National University of Science and Technology MISIS, 4 Leninskiy pr, Moscow 119049, Russia
| | - Ekaterina A Plotnikova
- National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 2 Botkinskiy proezd, 3, Moscow 125284, Russia
| | - Anton P Ber
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, Building 1/3, GSP-1, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Ekaterina A Nimenko
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, Building 1/3, GSP-1, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Natalia S Dashkova
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, Building 1/3, GSP-1, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Anastasiia A Uspenskaia
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, Building 1/3, GSP-1, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Radik R Shafikov
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, Building 1/3, GSP-1, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences, GSP-7, Ulitsa Miklukho-Maklaya, 16/10, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Dmitry A Skvortsov
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, Building 1/3, GSP-1, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Stanislav A Petrov
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, Building 1/3, GSP-1, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Andrey A Pankratov
- National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 2 Botkinskiy proezd, 3, Moscow 125284, Russia
| | - Nikolai V Zyk
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, Building 1/3, GSP-1, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Alexander G Majouga
- Dmitry Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Miusskaya sq. 9, Moscow 125047, Russia
| | - Elena K Beloglazkina
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, Building 1/3, GSP-1, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Aleksei E Machulkin
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, Building 1/3, GSP-1, Moscow 119991, Russia
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Petrov SA, Zyk NY, Machulkin AE, Beloglazkina EK, Majouga AG. PSMA-targeted low-molecular double conjugates for diagnostics and therapy. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 225:113752. [PMID: 34464875 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This review presents data on dual conjugates of therapeutic and diagnostic action for targeted delivery to prostate cancer cells. The works of the last ten years on this topic were analyzed. The mail attention focuses on low-molecular-weight conjugates directed to the prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA); the comparison of high and low molecular weight PSMA-targeted conjugates was made. The considered conjugates were divided in the review into two main classes: diagnostic bimodal conjugates (which are containing two fragments for different types of diagnostics), theranostic conjugates (containing both therapeutic and diagnostic agents); also bimodal high molecular weight therapeutic conjugates containing two therapeutic agents are briefly discussed. The data of in vitro and in vivo studies for PSMA-targeted double conjugates available by the beginning of 2021 have been analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav A Petrov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nikolay Y Zyk
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | - Alexander G Majouga
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia; Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials, National University of Science and Technology MISiS, Moscow, Russia; Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Moscow, Russia
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Krishnan MA, Yadav K, Chelvam V. Agarose Micro-Well Platform for Rapid Generation of Homogenous 3D Tumor Spheroids. Curr Protoc 2021; 1:e199. [PMID: 34288582 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, 3D culture of tumor spheroids has managed to revolutionize cancer research and drug discovery. 2D monolayer cells grown in cell culture flasks undergo radical changes in cell behavior, structure, and function owing to varying environmental cues and are unable to provide predictive data for preclinical evaluation. 3D tumor spheroids can better recapitulate tumor architecture, cell-cell and cell-matrix connectivity, and the tissue complexity of tumors grown in animal models. However, many of the existing techniques to culture 3D spheroids are time-consuming and ineffective and produce irregular-shaped spheroids that cannot be easily incorporated in biological assays. The set of protocols described herein makes use of a commercial hair brush as a template to create concave micro-well impressions in agarose. This technique is easy, inexpensive, and adaptable and also has the ability to produce uniform, homogenous cancer spheroids, with large diameter (∼1000 μm) and thickness (∼250 μm), within 24 to 48 hr after cell seeding. The 3D spheroids produced using the agarose micro-well platform function as an excellent 3D in vitro model for understanding the extent of penetration, uptake, and distribution of targeted cargos such as a diagnostic or therapeutic agents for identification and treatment of cancer. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Fabrication of agarose micro-well scaffold for growing tumor spheroids using a commercial hair brush Basic Protocol 2: Formation of homogenous tumor spheroids in agarose micro-well platform Basic Protocol 3: Assessing viability of 3D tumor spheroids grown in agarose micro-wells using confocal microscopy Basic Protocol 4: Analyzing uptake and penetration of targeted fluorescent bioconjugate in 3D tumor spheroids using two-photon imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mena Asha Krishnan
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Kratika Yadav
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Venkatesh Chelvam
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India.,Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
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Krishnan MA, Chelvam V. Developing μSpherePlatform Using a Commercial Hairbrush: An Agarose 3D Culture Platform for Deep-Tissue Imaging of Prostate Cancer. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:4254-4270. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mena A. Krishnan
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Khandwa Road, Simrol, Indore 453 552, India
| | - Venkatesh Chelvam
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Khandwa Road, Simrol, Indore 453 552, India
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Khandwa Road, Simrol, Indore 453 552, India
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Asha Krishnan M, Yadav K, Roach P, Chelvam V. A targeted near-infrared nanoprobe for deep-tissue penetration and imaging of prostate cancer. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:2295-2312. [PMID: 33554988 DOI: 10.1039/d0bm01970d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The current challenge in fluorescence guided surgery (FGS) for prostate cancer (PCa) is in the design of imaging probes with high selectivity, clear visualization of tumour margins, and minimal toxicity. This report aims to design and develop a novel NIR-nanoprobe, and evaluate its potential in the penetration of PCa tumour tissues. The PSMA receptor-targeted quantum dot (PSMA-QD655) is a NIR, deep-tissue imaging agent, which has the potential for intraoperative navigation during surgery and improved detection specificity for PCa. The probe was designed and synthesized by conjugating functionalized amino-PEG quantum dots (QDs) through a heterobifunctional linker to a DUPA targeted polypeptide construct. The nanoprobe was evaluated in vitro in PSMA+ PCa cell lines for specificity and its binding affinity was determined by flow cytometric analysis. The penetration efficacy was tested further on large PCa 3D tumour spheroids (dia ∼1200 μm, thickness ∼450 μm) by deep tissue multiphoton imaging. PSMA-QD655 was found to be an efficient deep tissue intra-operative guided surgical tool with a high affinity (KD = 15.3 nM) and penetrative capacity. The results have been demonstrated in vitro in 2D and 3D tissue models, mimicking cancer lesions in vivo. In summary, we have developed a deep-tissue imaging NIR nanoprobe targeting prostatic lesions that (i) binds to PSMA+ tumour with sub-nanomolar affinity and high specificity, (ii) shows an excellent safety profile in primary cell lines in vitro and (iii) shows high penetrative capacity in a 3D prostate tumour model (∼450 μm tissue depth).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mena Asha Krishnan
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore 453 552, India.
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Balogh B, Ivánczi M, Nizami B, Beke-Somfai T, Mándity IM. ConjuPepDB: a database of peptide-drug conjugates. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 49:D1102-D1112. [PMID: 33125057 PMCID: PMC7778964 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkaa950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptide–drug conjugates are organic molecules composed of (i) a small drug molecule, (ii) a peptide and (iii) a linker. The drug molecule is mandatory for the biological action, however, its efficacy can be enhanced by targeted delivery, which often also reduces unwanted side effects. For site-specificity the peptide part is mainly responsible. The linker attaches chemically the drug to the peptide, but it could also be biodegradable which ensures controlled liberation of the small drug. Despite the importance of the field, there is no public comprehensive database on these species. Herein we describe ConjuPepBD, a freely available, fully annotated and manually curated database of peptide drug conjugates. ConjuPepDB contains basic information about the entries, e.g. CAS number. Furthermore, it also implies their biomedical application and the type of chemical conjugation employed. It covers more than 1600 conjugates from ∼230 publications. The web-interface is user-friendly, intuitive, and useable on several devices, e.g. phones, tablets, PCs. The webpage allows the user to search for content using numerous criteria, chemical structure and a help page is also provided. Besides giving quick insight for newcomers, ConjuPepDB is hoped to be also helpful for researchers from various related fields. The database is accessible at: https://conjupepdb.ttk.hu/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balázs Balogh
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Semmelweis University, H-1092 Budapest, Hőgyes Endre u. 7, Hungary
| | - Márton Ivánczi
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Semmelweis University, H-1092 Budapest, Hőgyes Endre u. 7, Hungary
| | - Bilal Nizami
- Biomolecular Self-Assembly Research Group, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, H-1117 Budapest, Magyar Tudósok krt. 2, Hungary
| | - Tamás Beke-Somfai
- Biomolecular Self-Assembly Research Group, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, H-1117 Budapest, Magyar Tudósok krt. 2, Hungary
| | - István M Mándity
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Semmelweis University, H-1092 Budapest, Hőgyes Endre u. 7, Hungary.,TTK Lendület Artificial Transporter Research Group, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, H-1117 Budapest, Magyar Tudósok krt. 2, Hungary
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Temperini A, Aiello D, Mazzotti F, Athanassopoulos CM, De Luca P, Siciliano C. 2,3-Diaminopropanols Obtained from d-Serine as Intermediates in the Synthesis of Protected 2,3-l-Diaminopropanoic Acid (l-Dap) Methyl Esters. Molecules 2020; 25:E1313. [PMID: 32183079 PMCID: PMC7145313 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25061313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A synthetic strategy for the preparation of two orthogonally protected methyl esters of the non-proteinogenic amino acid 2,3-l-diaminopropanoic acid (l-Dap) was developed. In these structures, the base-labile protecting group 9-fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl (Fmoc) was paired to the p-toluensulfonyl (tosyl, Ts) or acid-labile tert-butyloxycarbonyl (Boc) moieties. The synthetic approach to protected l-Dap methyl esters uses appropriately masked 2,3-diaminopropanols, which are obtained via reductive amination of an aldehyde prepared from the commercial amino acid Nα-Fmoc-O-tert-butyl-d-serine, used as the starting material. Reductive amination is carried out with primary amines and sulfonamides, and the process is assisted by the Lewis acid Ti(OiPr)4. The required carboxyl group is installed by oxidizing the alcoholic function of 2,3-diaminopropanols bearing the tosyl or benzyl protecting group on the 3-NH2 site. The procedure can easily be applied using the crude product obtained after each step, minimizing the need for chromatographic purifications. Chirality of the carbon atom of the starting d-serine template is preserved throughout all synthetic steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Temperini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Perugia, Via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy;
| | - Donatella Aiello
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche (CTC), Via Ponte P. Bucci, Cubo 12D, Università della Calabria, I-87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy; (D.A.); (F.M.)
| | - Fabio Mazzotti
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche (CTC), Via Ponte P. Bucci, Cubo 12D, Università della Calabria, I-87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy; (D.A.); (F.M.)
| | | | - Pierantonio De Luca
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Meccanica, Energetica e Gestionale, Università della Calabria, I-87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy;
| | - Carlo Siciliano
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Scienze della Salute e della Nutrizione, Edificio Polifunzionale, Università della Calabria, I-87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
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Tyrosine-based asymmetric urea ligand for prostate carcinoma: Tuning biological efficacy through in silico studies. Bioorg Chem 2019; 91:103154. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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