1
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Yeom S, Ohmori K. One-Pot Synthesis of Functionalized Benzotropones via a Phthalide Ring-Opening/Intramolecular Aldol Condensation Cascade. Org Lett 2024; 26:5120-5124. [PMID: 38855901 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
A one-pot protocol was developed for the synthesis of functionalized benzotropone derivatives via a nucleophilic phthalide ring opening by a 5-lithiated dioxinone derivative, followed by an intramolecular aldol condensation. The method demonstrates exceptional versatility with diverse substrates, yielding a variety of functionalized benzotropones. Subsequent transformations of the obtained benzotropone derivatives were explored for their potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangeun Yeom
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Ken Ohmori
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
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2
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Yoo HS, Shin JW, Jang YH, Yang YS, Son SH, Won HJ, Kim SL, Sim J, Kim NJ. Synthesis of 2,3-Benzotropones via Palladium(II)-Catalyzed Aerobic Dehydrogenation from 1-Benzosuberones and Sequential Diels-Alder Reaction to Yield Benzobicyclo[3.2.2]nonenones. J Org Chem 2024; 89:3102-3110. [PMID: 38364274 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
An approach to 2,3-benzotropone from 1-benzosuberone via palladium(II)-catalyzed aerobic dehydrogenation was developed. This method first provided a catalytic route to various 2,3-benzotropones from their corresponding 1-benzosuberones in good yields. In addition, the reaction could be applied to a one-pot Diels-Alder reaction with maleimide, providing a complex benzobicyclo[3.2.2]nonenone in ≤90% yield. Kinetic analysis supporting our proposed mechanism was also performed, underscoring the robustness of the developed synthetic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung-Seok Yoo
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Won Shin
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Hu Jang
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Yo-Sep Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hwan Son
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuck-Jae Won
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Lim Kim
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehoon Sim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Jung Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
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3
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Huang L, Wang Y, Liu X, Tian SK. Convenient synthesis of thiolated 2,7-disubstituted tropones via double C-N bond cleavage of tropinone derivatives. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:9321-9325. [PMID: 37982281 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01835k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
A range of 2,4-dialkylidenetropinone-derived quaternary ammonium salts smoothly reacted with thiols in the presence of tributylamine, delivering structurally diverse thiolated 2,7-disubstituted tropones in moderate to excellent yields with high site selectivity. The reaction employs readily available feedstocks and reagents, is free of transition metals, tolerates various functional groups, and can be easily scaled up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Huang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.
| | - Yan Wang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.
| | - Xin Liu
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.
| | - Shi-Kai Tian
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.
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4
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Wang Y, Wu QQ, Tian SK. Access to 2-Alkyltropones via Organic Base-Catalyzed Tandem Deamination and Aldol Condensation of Tropinone-Derived Quaternary Ammonium Salts. J Org Chem 2023; 88:16456-16466. [PMID: 37949637 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
The tropone skeleton exists in a number of natural products and bioactive substances, and currently, the applications of substituted tropones are significantly limited by their preparative methods. Herein, we report a very convenient method to access 2-alkyltropones via organic base-catalyzed tandem reaction of tropinone-derived quaternary ammonium salts. Tropinone methiodide reacted with a wide variety of aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes in the presence of 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane to afford structurally diverse 2-alkyltropones in moderate to excellent yields with extremely high site selectivity. The reaction employs readily available feedstocks and reagents, is free of transition metals and compatible with water and air, tolerates a variety of functional groups, and can be easily scaled up. Moreover, the products are amenable to various synthetic transformations. Preliminary mechanistic studies revealed that the reaction proceeded via tandem deamination, aldol condensation, and isomerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Qian-Qian Wu
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Shi-Kai Tian
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
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5
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He YW, Ma WQ, Han Y, Sun J, Yan CG. Construction of Unique Spiro[dibenzo[ a, f]azulene-6,2'-indenes] via Unprecedented Annulation of ortho-C-H Bond of Benzylidene Group. J Org Chem 2023; 88:14911-14927. [PMID: 37870904 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
The domino reaction of alkyl and aryl isocyanides with two molecules of 2-arylidene-1,3-indanediones in acetonitrile at 80 °C resulted in unique functionalized spiro[dibenzo[a,f]azulene-6,2'-indenes] in good yields, in which the two 2-arylidene-1,3-indanediones acted as different building blocks to construct the polycyclic system. More importantly, the unprecedented anticipation of the ortho-position of benzylidene group to form a novel dibenzo[a,f]azulene ring through a formal [5 + 2] cycloaddition process was first observed. On the other hand, DABCO-promoted reaction of the isocyanides with two molecules of 2-arylidene-1,3-indanediones in acetonitrile at 80 °C afforded functionalized spiro[cyclopenta[a]-indene-2,2'-indene] derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Wei He
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China
| | - Wei-Qing Ma
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China
| | - Ying Han
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China
| | - Jing Sun
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China
| | - Chao-Guo Yan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China
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6
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Balasubramani A, Ganaie BA, Mehta G. Direct Two Carbon Ring Expansion of 1-Indanones with Ynones: An Eco-Friendly, One-Flask Approach to Functionally Enriched 5H-Benzo[7]annulenes. J Org Chem 2023; 88:15452-15460. [PMID: 37880254 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Direct 2C-ring expansion of 1-indanones with ynones to 5H-benzo[7]annulenes has been observed, and its generality has been gauged (19 examples). Overall, this simple and convenient cascade process to 5H-benzo[7]annulenes involves engagement of 1-indanone with two ynone moieties with formation of three new C-C σ-bonds, cleavage of C-C σ-bond, and concurrent functionality amplification. The resulting seven-membered ring, laced with an opportunistic disposition of four proximal functional groups, offers avenues for their further productive interplay. Our new approach embraces many green and eco-friendly features.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Goverdhan Mehta
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500 046, India
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7
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Schiavone DV, Gallardo J, Kapkayeva DM, Baucom JC, Murelli RP. Lactam-fused tropolones: a new tunable, environmentally sensitive fluorophore class. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:7900-7907. [PMID: 37750360 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01263h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent small-molecules capable of altering their profiles in response to environmental changes are exceptionally valuable tool compounds throughout the scientific community. The following manuscriipt describes a new class of fluorescent small molecules based on lactam-fused tropolones that are responsive to a dynamic range of environmental changes. These molecules can be easily obtained through a rapid annulation procedure between appropriately functionalized tropolones and primary amines, which is often complete within minutes at room temperature. Molecules generated through this approach have been identified with fluoresence emission across the visible light spectra, and can be tuned based on either the tropolone or amine component. They are also highly responsive to changes in solvent, pH, and certain divalent metal ions. Tropolone-fused lactams thus represent a new class of tunable fluorescent small molecules that could find value throughout the scientific community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel V Schiavone
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brooklyn College, The City University of New York, Brooklyn, New York, USA.
- PhD Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joel Gallardo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brooklyn College, The City University of New York, Brooklyn, New York, USA.
- PhD Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Diana M Kapkayeva
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brooklyn College, The City University of New York, Brooklyn, New York, USA.
| | - John-Charles Baucom
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brooklyn College, The City University of New York, Brooklyn, New York, USA.
- PhD Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ryan P Murelli
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brooklyn College, The City University of New York, Brooklyn, New York, USA.
- PhD Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
- PhD Program in Biochemistry, The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
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8
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Murelli RP, Berkowitz AJ, Zuschlag DW. Carbocycloaddition Strategies for Troponoid Synthesis. Tetrahedron 2023; 130:133175. [PMID: 36777111 PMCID: PMC9910567 DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2022.133175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Tropone is the prototypical aromatic 7-membered ring, and can be found in virtually any undergraduate textbook as a key example of non-benzenoid aromaticity. Aside from this important historical role, tropone is also of high interest as a uniquely reactive synthon in complex chemical synthesis as well as a valuable chemotype in drug design. More recently, there has been growing interest in the utility of tropones for catalysis and material science. Thus, synthetic strategies capable of synthesizing functional tropones are key to fully exploiting the potential of this aromatic ring system. Cycloaddition reactions are particularly powerful methods for constructing carbocycles, and these strategies in turn have proven to be powerful for generating troponoids. The following review article provides an overview of strategies for troponoids wherein the 7-membered carbocycle is generated through a cycloaddition reaction. Representative examples of each strategy are also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan P Murelli
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College, The City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY, 11210, United States
- Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY, 10016, United States
- Ph.D. Program in Biochemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY, 10016, United States
| | - Alex J Berkowitz
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College, The City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY, 11210, United States
- Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY, 10016, United States
| | - Daniel W Zuschlag
- Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY, 10016, United States
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9
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Piacentini P, Bingham TW, Sarlah D. Dearomative Ring Expansion of Polycyclic Arenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202208014. [PMID: 35802860 PMCID: PMC9543877 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202208014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Benzocycloheptenes constitute a common structural motif embedded in many natural products and biologically active compounds. Herein, we report their concise preparation from non‐activated polycyclic arenes using a two‐step sequence involving dearomative [4+2]‐cycloaddition with arenophile in combination with palladium‐catalyzed cyclopropanation, followed by cycloreversion‐initiated ring expansion. The described strategy provides a working alternative to the Buchner reaction, which is limited to monocyclic arenes. Overall, this methylene‐insertion molecular editing approach enables rapid and direct conversion of simple (hetero)arenes into a range of substituted (aza)benzocycloheptatrienes, which can undergo a myriad of downstream functionalizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Piacentini
- Department of Chemistry University of Pavia Viale Taramelli 12 27100 Pavia Italy
| | | | - David Sarlah
- Department of Chemistry University of Pavia Viale Taramelli 12 27100 Pavia Italy
- Department of Chemistry University of Illinois Urbana IL 61801 USA
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10
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Piacentini P, Bingham TW, Sarlah D. Dearomative Ring Expansion of Polycyclic Arenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202208014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Piacentini
- University of Pavia Department of Chemistry: Universita degli Studi di Pavia Dipartimento di Chimica Department of Chemistry ITALY
| | - Tanner W. Bingham
- University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Department of Chemistry UNITED STATES
| | - David Sarlah
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Department of Chemistry 600 South Mathews Avenue270 RAL, Box 107-5 61801 Urbana UNITED STATES
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11
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Khosravi H, Ghazvini HJ, Kamangar M, Rominger F, Balalaie S. Migratory cycloisomerization of 1,3-dien-5-ynes conjugated with pseudopeptides in assembly of benzo[7]annulenes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:2164-2167. [PMID: 35060573 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc06533e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
A novel domino cycloisomerization of 1,3-dien-5-ynes for the synthesis of 7H-benzo[7]annulenes is reported. The noticeable feature of this domino reaction involves the assembly of the fused bicyclic motifs through a transamidation/5-exo-trig cyclization/8π-electrocyclization sequence in a single step. Finally, mechanistic investigations were conducted experimentally and supported by DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hormoz Khosravi
- Peptide Chemistry Research Institute, Department of Chemistry, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, P.O. Box 15875-4416, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Helya Janatian Ghazvini
- Peptide Chemistry Research Institute, Department of Chemistry, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, P.O. Box 15875-4416, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Kamangar
- Peptide Chemistry Research Institute, Department of Chemistry, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, P.O. Box 15875-4416, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut der Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Saeed Balalaie
- Peptide Chemistry Research Institute, Department of Chemistry, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, P.O. Box 15875-4416, Tehran, Iran.
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12
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Márquez IR, Ruíz del Árbol N, Urgel JI, Villalobos F, Fasel R, López MF, Cuerva JM, Martín-Gago JA, Campaña AG, Sánchez-Sánchez C. On-Surface Thermal Stability of a Graphenic Structure Incorporating a Tropone Moiety. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12030488. [PMID: 35159831 PMCID: PMC8837919 DOI: 10.3390/nano12030488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
On-surface synthesis, complementary to wet chemistry, has been demonstrated to be a valid approach for the synthesis of tailored graphenic nanostructures with atomic precision. Among the different existing strategies used to tune the optoelectronic and magnetic properties of these nanostructures, the introduction of non-hexagonal rings inducing out-of-plane distortions is a promising pathway that has been scarcely explored on surfaces. Here, we demonstrate that non-hexagonal rings, in the form of tropone (cycloheptatrienone) moieties, are thermally transformed into phenyl or cyclopentadienone moieties upon an unprecedented surface-mediated retro–Buchner-type reaction involving a decarbonylation or an intramolecular rearrangement of the CO unit, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene R. Márquez
- Departamento Química Orgánica, Universidad de Granada (UGR), Unidad de Excelencia de Química UEQ, C. U. Fuentenueva, 18071 Granada, Spain; (I.R.M.); (F.V.); (J.M.C.)
| | - Nerea Ruíz del Árbol
- ESISNA Group, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM-CSIC), Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (N.R.d.Á.); (M.F.L.); (J.A.M.-G.)
| | - José I. Urgel
- Nanotech@surfaces Group, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland; (J.I.U.); (R.F.)
| | - Federico Villalobos
- Departamento Química Orgánica, Universidad de Granada (UGR), Unidad de Excelencia de Química UEQ, C. U. Fuentenueva, 18071 Granada, Spain; (I.R.M.); (F.V.); (J.M.C.)
| | - Roman Fasel
- Nanotech@surfaces Group, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland; (J.I.U.); (R.F.)
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - María F. López
- ESISNA Group, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM-CSIC), Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (N.R.d.Á.); (M.F.L.); (J.A.M.-G.)
| | - Juan M. Cuerva
- Departamento Química Orgánica, Universidad de Granada (UGR), Unidad de Excelencia de Química UEQ, C. U. Fuentenueva, 18071 Granada, Spain; (I.R.M.); (F.V.); (J.M.C.)
| | - José A. Martín-Gago
- ESISNA Group, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM-CSIC), Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (N.R.d.Á.); (M.F.L.); (J.A.M.-G.)
| | - Araceli G. Campaña
- Departamento Química Orgánica, Universidad de Granada (UGR), Unidad de Excelencia de Química UEQ, C. U. Fuentenueva, 18071 Granada, Spain; (I.R.M.); (F.V.); (J.M.C.)
- Correspondence: (A.G.C.); (C.S.-S.)
| | - Carlos Sánchez-Sánchez
- ESISNA Group, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM-CSIC), Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (N.R.d.Á.); (M.F.L.); (J.A.M.-G.)
- Correspondence: (A.G.C.); (C.S.-S.)
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13
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Novak AJE, Trauner D. Complex Natural Products Derived from Pyrogallols. PROGRESS IN THE CHEMISTRY OF ORGANIC NATURAL PRODUCTS 2022; 118:1-46. [PMID: 35416516 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-92030-2_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Pyrogallols (1,2,3-trihydroxybenzenes) are abundant in Nature, easily oxidized, and are central precursors to important natural products. The rich chemistry of their oxidized derivatives, the hydroxy-o-quinones, has been studied for over a century and still attracts the interest of the scientific community. Only in the last ten years have critical insights of pyrogallol chemistry from the mid-twentieth century been applied to modern natural product synthesis. Historical studies of pyrogallol chemistry, including [5+2], [4+2], and formal [5+5] cycloadditions are discussed here and reactivity guidelines established. The application and remarkable selectivity of these cycloadditions is then showcased in the recent syntheses of several fungal natural products, including dibefurin, epicolactone, the merocytochalasans, and preuisolactone A. The authors hope that this contribution will spark further interest in the fascinating chemistry of pyrogallols and natural products derived from them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J E Novak
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, 31 Washington Place, New York, NY, 10003, USA
| | - Dirk Trauner
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, 31 Washington Place, New York, NY, 10003, USA.
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14
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Liu X, Xu W, Fang F, Xu N, Lin Z, Luan X, Zhang J, Wang H. Construction of Structurally Rigid Azulen-6-ones via Migratory Rearrangement of Spirocycles and Their Photophysical Studies. Org Lett 2021; 23:8662-8667. [PMID: 34714098 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c02841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We report the synthesis of polysubstituted 1,1,2,3-tetraarylazulen-6-ones through the ring opening and scaffold rearrangement of spirocycles in the presence of ferric chloride under ambient conditions. Control experiments shown that this reaction may proceeded through a radical cation mechanism and futher theoretical calculation revealed that the electronic distribution of the radical cation intermediate dominated this oxidative rearrangement instead of dehydrogenation. It is noteworthy that some interesting photophysical properties, including aggregation-induced emission, halochromism, and two-photon fluorescence, were discovered for the azulen-6-one 2a, making them to work as promising functional materials in optical-related fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiumei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China
| | - Wenhua Xu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China
| | - Fang Fang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Sciences, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100811, China
| | - Nengni Xu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China
| | - Zhishuang Lin
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China
| | - Xinjun Luan
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China
| | - Jinfeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Sciences, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100811, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China
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15
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Kodama T, Kawashima Y, Uchida K, Deng Z, Tobisu M. Synthesis and Characterization of 1-Hydroxy-4,5-arene-Fused Tropylium Derivatives. J Org Chem 2021; 86:13800-13807. [PMID: 34519215 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The properties of 1-hydroxy-4,5-arene-fused tropyliums were assessed based on experimental and theoretical investigations. An X-ray crystallographic analysis revealed a decrease of bond alternation in the seven-membered ring of 1-hydroxy-4,5-benzotropylium derivatives compared with that of the parent 4,5-benzotropones, which is indicative of an increase in aromaticity upon protonation. NICS and AICD calculations also supported the increased aromaticity of 1-hydroxy-4,5-arene-fused tropylium. The pKa values for a series of 1-hydroxy-4,5-arene-fused tropylium derivatives were also determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Kodama
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,Innovative Catalysis Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (ICS-OTRI), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuki Kawashima
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kenta Uchida
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Zhirong Deng
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Mamoru Tobisu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,Innovative Catalysis Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (ICS-OTRI), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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16
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Mu Y, Yao Q, Yin L, Fu S, Wang M, Yuan Y, Kong L, Li Y. Atom-Economic Synthesis of Highly Functionalized Bridged Ring Systems Initiated by Ring Expansion of Indene-1,3-dione. J Org Chem 2021; 86:6755-6764. [PMID: 33847128 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An atom economic procedure for the regioselective synthesis of bridged seven-membered-ring compounds from simple reactants such as ynones and indene-1,3-dione has been developed. This process was realized through the one-pot reactions of ring-expansion of indene-1,3-dione with alkynyl ketones and successive formal [4+2] cycloaddition. The Michael addition reaction is the key for the regioselectivity of the formal [4+2] cycloaddition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyang Mu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Qiyi Yao
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Liqiang Yin
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Siyi Fu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Mengdan Wang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yang Yuan
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Lingkai Kong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University, Shuangling Road, Linyi, Shandong 276000, China
| | - Yanzhong Li
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China
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17
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Kodama T, Kawashima Y, Deng Z, Tobisu M. Synthesis of 4,5-Benzotropone π Complexes of Iron, Rhodium, and Iridium and Their Potential Use in Catalytic Borrowing-Hydrogen Reactions. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:4332-4336. [PMID: 33769049 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c03587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The syntheses of rhodium, iridium, and iron π complexes bearing 4,5-benzotropone ligands are reported. X-ray crystallographic analyses revealed that a tropone core coordinates to a metal center in a η4 manner with a tub-form geometry. Some of the benzotropone π complexes exhibited catalytic activity for N-alkylation of aniline by borrowing hydrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Kodama
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,Innovative Catalysis Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (ICS-OTRI), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuki Kawashima
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Zhirong Deng
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Mamoru Tobisu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,Innovative Catalysis Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (ICS-OTRI), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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18
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Erdoğan M, Daştan A. Design, synthesis, and characterization of a new class of efficient dihydropyridazine-dibenzosuberenone derived fluorescent dyes and investigation of their some photophysical properties. Tetrahedron 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2020.131271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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19
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Sekar Kulandai Raj A, Liu R. Gold‐catalyzed [4+3]‐Annulations of Benzopyriliums with Vinyldiazo Carbonyls to Form Bicyclic Heptatriene Rings with Skeletal Rearrangement. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202000292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antony Sekar Kulandai Raj
- Frontier Research Center for Fundamental and Basic Science of MattersDepartment of ChemistryNational Tsing-Hua University Hsinchu Taiwan, ROC
| | - Rai‐Shung Liu
- Frontier Research Center for Fundamental and Basic Science of MattersDepartment of ChemistryNational Tsing-Hua University Hsinchu Taiwan, ROC
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20
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Abstract
This review on natural products containing a tropolonoid motif highlights analytical methods applied for structural identification and biosynthetic pathway analysis, the ecological context and the pharmacological potential of this compound class.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijuan Guo
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology – Hans Knöll Institute
- 07745 Jena
- Germany
| | - David Roman
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology – Hans Knöll Institute
- 07745 Jena
- Germany
| | - Christine Beemelmanns
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology – Hans Knöll Institute
- 07745 Jena
- Germany
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