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McKeown JP, Byrne AJ, Bright SA, Charleton CE, Kandwal S, Čmelo I, Twamley B, McElligott AM, Fayne D, O’Boyle NM, Williams DC, Meegan MJ. Synthesis and Biochemical Evaluation of Ethanoanthracenes and Related Compounds: Antiproliferative and Pro-Apoptotic Effects in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL). Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:1034. [PMID: 39204139 PMCID: PMC11359702 DOI: 10.3390/ph17081034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a malignancy of mature B cells, and it is the most frequent form of leukemia diagnosed in Western countries. It is characterized by the proliferation and accumulation of neoplastic B lymphocytes in the blood, lymph nodes, bone marrow and spleen. We report the synthesis and antiproliferative effects of a series of novel ethanoanthracene compounds in CLL cell lines. Structural modifications were achieved via the Diels-Alder reaction of 9-(2-nitrovinyl)anthracene and 3-(anthracen-9-yl)-1-arylprop-2-en-1-ones (anthracene chalcones) with dienophiles, including maleic anhydride and N-substituted maleimides, to afford a series of 9-(E)-(2-nitrovinyl)-9,10-dihydro-9,10-[3,4]epipyrroloanthracene-12,14-diones, 9-(E)-3-oxo-3-phenylprop-1-en-1-yl)-9,10-dihydro-9,10-[3,4]epipyrroloanthracene-12,14-diones and related compounds. Single-crystal X-ray analysis confirmed the structures of the novel ethanoanthracenes 23f, 23h, 24a, 24g, 25f and 27. The products were evaluated in HG-3 and PGA-1 CLL cell lines (representative of poor and good patient prognosis, respectively). The most potent compounds were identified as 20a, 20f, 23a and 25n with IC50 values in the ranges of 0.17-2.69 µM (HG-3) and 0.35-1.97 µM (PGA-1). The pro-apoptotic effects of the potent compounds 20a, 20f, 23a and 25n were demonstrated in CLL cell lines HG-3 (82-95%) and PGA-1 (87-97%) at 10 µM, with low toxicity (12-16%) observed in healthy-donor peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) at concentrations representative of the compounds IC50 values for both the HG-3 and PGA-1 CLL cell lines. The antiproliferative effect of the selected compounds, 20a, 20f, 23a and 25n, was mediated through ROS flux with a marked increase in cell viability upon pretreatment with the antioxidant NAC. 25n also demonstrated sub-micromolar activity in the NCI 60 cancer cell line panel, with a mean GI50 value of 0.245 µM. This ethanoanthracene series of compounds offers potential for the further development of lead structures as novel chemotherapeutics to target CLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- James P. McKeown
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panoz Institute, Trinity College, The University of Dublin, East End 4/5, Dublin 2, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland (N.M.O.)
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160 Pearse St, Dublin 2, D02 R590 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Andrew J. Byrne
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panoz Institute, Trinity College, The University of Dublin, East End 4/5, Dublin 2, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland (N.M.O.)
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160 Pearse St, Dublin 2, D02 R590 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sandra A. Bright
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160 Pearse St, Dublin 2, D02 R590 Dublin, Ireland (D.C.W.)
| | - Clara E. Charleton
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panoz Institute, Trinity College, The University of Dublin, East End 4/5, Dublin 2, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland (N.M.O.)
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160 Pearse St, Dublin 2, D02 R590 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Shubhangi Kandwal
- Molecular Design Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160 Pearse St, Dublin 2, D02 R590 Dublin, Ireland
- Molecular Design Group, School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, D09 V209 Dublin, Ireland
- DCU Life Sciences Institute, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, D09 V209 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ivan Čmelo
- Molecular Design Group, School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, D09 V209 Dublin, Ireland
- DCU Life Sciences Institute, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, D09 V209 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Brendan Twamley
- School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, D02 P3X2 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Anthony M. McElligott
- Discipline of Haematology, School of Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James’s Hospital and Trinity College, Dublin 8, D08 W9RT Dublin, Ireland;
| | - Darren Fayne
- Molecular Design Group, School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, D09 V209 Dublin, Ireland
- DCU Life Sciences Institute, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, D09 V209 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Niamh M. O’Boyle
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panoz Institute, Trinity College, The University of Dublin, East End 4/5, Dublin 2, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland (N.M.O.)
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160 Pearse St, Dublin 2, D02 R590 Dublin, Ireland
| | - D. Clive Williams
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160 Pearse St, Dublin 2, D02 R590 Dublin, Ireland (D.C.W.)
| | - Mary J. Meegan
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panoz Institute, Trinity College, The University of Dublin, East End 4/5, Dublin 2, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland (N.M.O.)
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160 Pearse St, Dublin 2, D02 R590 Dublin, Ireland
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Briou B, Améduri B, Boutevin B. Trends in the Diels-Alder reaction in polymer chemistry. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:11055-11097. [PMID: 34605835 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01382j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The Diels-Alder (DA) reaction is regarded as quite a useful strategy in organic and macromolecular syntheses. The reversibility of this reaction and the advent of self-repair technology, as well as other applications in controlled macromolecular architectures and crosslinking, have strongly boosted the research activity, which is still attracting a huge interest in both academic and industrial research. The DA reaction is a simple and scalable toolbox. Though it is well-established that furan/maleimide is the most studied diene/dienophile couple, this perspective article reports strategies using other reversible systems with deeper features on other types of diene/dienophile pairs being either petro-sourced (cyclopentadiene, anthracene) or bio-sourced (muconic and sorbic acids, myrcene and farnesene derivatives, eugenol, cardanol). This review is composed of four sections. The first one briefly recalls the background on the DA reactions involving cyclodimerizations, dienes, and dienophiles, parameters affecting the reaction, while the second part deals with the furan/maleimide reaction. The third one deals with petro-sourced and bio-sourced (or products becoming bio-sourced) reactants involved in DA reactions are also listed and discussed. Finally, the authors' opinion is given on the potential future of the crosslinking-decrosslinking reaction, especially regarding the process (e.g., key temperatures of decrosslinking) or possibly monocomponents. It presents both fundamental and applied research on the DA reaction and its applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoit Briou
- Institut Charles Gerhardt, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, Montpellier, France.
| | - Bruno Améduri
- Institut Charles Gerhardt, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, Montpellier, France.
| | - Bernard Boutevin
- Institut Charles Gerhardt, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, Montpellier, France.
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Prusinowska N, Czapik A, Kwit M. Chiral Triphenylacetic Acid Esters: Residual Stereoisomerism and Solid-State Variability of Molecular Architectures. J Org Chem 2021; 86:6433-6448. [PMID: 33908243 PMCID: PMC8279475 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
We have proven the usability and versatility of chiral triphenylacetic acid esters, compounds of high structural diversity, as chirality-sensing stereodynamic probes and as molecular tectons in crystal engineering. The low energy barrier to stereoisomer interconversion has been exploited to sense the chirality of an alkyl substituent in the esters. The structural information are cascaded from the permanently chiral alcohol (inducer) to the stereodynamic chromophoric probe through cooperative interactions. The ECD spectra of triphenylacetic acid esters are highly sensitive to very small structural differences in the inducer core. The tendencies to maximize the C-H···O hydrogen bonds, van der Waals interactions, and London dispersion forces determine the way of packing molecules in the crystal lattice. The phenyl embraces of trityl groups allowed, to some extent, the control of molecular organization in the crystal. However, the spectrum of possible molecular arrangements is very broad and depends on the type of substituent, the optical purity of the sample, and the presence of a second trityl group in the proximity. Racemates crystallize as the solid solution of enantiomers, where the trityl group acts as a protecting group for the stereogenic center. Therefore, the absolute configuration of the inducer is irrelevant to the packing mode of molecules in the crystal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Prusinowska
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego
8, 61 614 Poznań, Poland
- Centre
for Advanced Technologies, Adam Mickiewicz
University, Uniwersytetu
Poznańskiego 10, 61 614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Czapik
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego
8, 61 614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Marcin Kwit
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego
8, 61 614 Poznań, Poland
- Centre
for Advanced Technologies, Adam Mickiewicz
University, Uniwersytetu
Poznańskiego 10, 61 614 Poznań, Poland
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Stasiak B, Czapik A, Kwit M. Dynamic Induction of Optical Activity in Triarylmethanols and Their Carbocations. J Org Chem 2021; 86:643-656. [PMID: 33348985 PMCID: PMC7872417 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
A series of artificial triarylmethanols
has been synthesized and
studied toward the possibility of exhibiting an induced optical activity.
The observed chiroptical response of these compounds resulted from
the chiral conformation of a triarylmethyl core. The chirality induction
from a permanent chirality element to the liable triarylmethyl core
proceeds as a cooperative and cascade process. The OH···O(R)
and/or (H)O···HorthoC hydrogen
bond formation along with the C–H···π
interactions seem to be the most important factors that control efficiency
of the chirality induction. The position of chiral and methoxy electron-donating
groups within a trityl skeleton affects the amplitude of observed
Cotton effects and stability of the trityl carbocations. In the neutral
environment, the most intense Cotton effects are observed for ortho-substituted derivatives, which undergo a rapid decomposition
associated with the complete decay of ECD signals upon acidification.
From all of the in situ generated stable carbocations, only two exhibit
intense Cotton effects in the low energy region at around 450 nm.
The formation of carbocations is reversible; after alkalization, the
ions return to the original neutral forms. Unlike most triarylmethyl
derivatives known so far, in the crystal, the triarylmethanol, para-substituted with the chiral moiety, shows a propensity
for a solid-state sorting phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Stasiak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 8, 61 614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Czapik
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 8, 61 614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Marcin Kwit
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 8, 61 614 Poznań, Poland.,Centre for Advanced Technologies, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 10, 61 614 Poznań, Poland
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Courant T, Lombard M, Boyarskaya DV, Neuville L, Masson G. Tritylium assisted iodine catalysis for the synthesis of unsymmetrical triarylmethanes. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:6502-6508. [PMID: 32789393 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01502d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The combined Lewis acid catalytic system, generated from molecular iodine and tritylium tetrafluoroborate effectively catalyzed the Friedel-Crafts (FC) arylation of diarylmethyl sulfides providing an efficient access to various unsymmetrical triarylmethanes. The addition of tritylium and iodine created a more active catalytic system to promote the cleavage of sulfidic C-S bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibaut Courant
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles CNRS, Univ. Paris-Saclay, 1 Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France.
| | - Marine Lombard
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles CNRS, Univ. Paris-Saclay, 1 Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France.
| | - Dina V Boyarskaya
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles CNRS, Univ. Paris-Saclay, 1 Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France.
| | - Luc Neuville
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles CNRS, Univ. Paris-Saclay, 1 Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France.
| | - Géraldine Masson
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles CNRS, Univ. Paris-Saclay, 1 Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France.
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Shang W, Duan D, Liu Y, Lv J. Carbocation Lewis Acid TrBF4-Catalyzed 1,2-Hydride Migration: Approaches to (Z)-α,β-Unsaturated Esters and α-Branched β-Ketocarbonyls. Org Lett 2019; 21:8013-8017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b03005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wansong Shang
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Depeng Duan
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Yongjun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Jian Lv
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
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