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Mollova-Sapundzhieva Y, Angelov P, Georgiev D, Yanev P. Synthetic approach to 2-alkyl-4-quinolones and 2-alkyl-4-quinolone-3-carboxamides based on common β-keto amide precursors. Beilstein J Org Chem 2023; 19:1804-1810. [PMID: 38033452 PMCID: PMC10682542 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.19.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
β-Keto amides were used as convenient precursors to both 2-alkyl-4-quinolones and 2-alkyl-4-quinolone-3-carboxamides. The utility of this approach is demonstrated with the synthesis of fourteen novel and four known quinolone derivatives, including natural products of microbial origin such as HHQ and its C5-congener. Two compounds with high activity against S. aureus have been identified among the newly obtained quinolones, with MICs ≤ 3.12 and ≤ 6.25 µg/mL, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yordanka Mollova-Sapundzhieva
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Plovdiv Paisii Hilendarski, 24 Tsar Asen Str., 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Plamen Angelov
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Plovdiv Paisii Hilendarski, 24 Tsar Asen Str., 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Danail Georgiev
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Plovdiv Paisii Hilendarski, 24 Tsar Asen Str., 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Pavel Yanev
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Plovdiv Paisii Hilendarski, 24 Tsar Asen Str., 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
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2
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Effect of the pseudomonas metabolites HQNO on the Toxoplasma gondii RH strain in vitro and in vivo. Int J Parasitol Drugs Drug Resist 2023; 21:74-80. [PMID: 36758272 PMCID: PMC9929485 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpddr.2023.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Toxoplasmosis is a widespread disease in humans and animals. Currently, toxoplasmosis chemotherapy options are limited due to severe side effects. There is an urgent need to develop new drugs with better efficacy and few side effects. HQNO, a cytochrome bc1 and type II NADH inhibitor in eukaryotes and bacteria, possesses extensive bioactivity. In this study, the cytotoxicity of HQNO was evaluated in Vero cells. The in vitro effects of HQNO were determined by plaque assay and qPCR assay. To determine the in vivo effect of HQNO, pharmacokinetic experiments and in vivo infection assays were performed in mice. The changes in tachyzoites after HQNO exposure were examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), MitoTracker Red CMXRos staining, ROS detection and ATP detection. HQNO inhibited T. gondii invasion and proliferation with an EC50 of 0.995 μM. Pharmacokinetic experiments showed that the Cmax of HQNO (20 mg/kg·bw) was 3560 ± 1601 ng/mL (13.73 μM) in healthy BALB/c mouse plasma with no toxicity in vivo. Moreover, HQNO induced a significant decrease in the parasite burden load of T. gondii in mouse peritoneum. TEM revealed alterations in the mitochondria of T. gondii. Further assays verified that HQNO also decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) and ATP levels and enhanced the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in T. gondii. Hence, HQNO exerted anti-T. gondii activity, which may be related to the damage to the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC).
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3
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Khan MS, Gao J, Zhang M, Xue J, Zhang X. Pseudomonas aeruginosa Ld-08 isolated from Lilium davidii exhibits antifungal and growth-promoting properties. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0269640. [PMID: 35714148 PMCID: PMC9205524 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A plant growth-promoting and antifungal endophytic bacteria designated as Ld-08 isolated from the bulbs of Lilium davidii was identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa based on phenotypic, microscopic, and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. Ld-08 exhibited antifungal effects against Fusarium oxysporum, Botrytis cinerea, Botryosphaeria dothidea, and Fusarium fujikuroi. Ld-08 showed the highest growth inhibition, i.e., 83.82±4.76% against B. dothidea followed by 74.12±3.87%, 67.56±3.35%, and 63.67±3.39% against F. fujikuroi, B. cinerea, and F. oxysporum, respectively. The ethyl acetate fraction of Ld-08 revealed the presence of several bioactive secondary metabolites. Prominent compounds were quinolones; 3,9-dimethoxypterocarpan; cascaroside B; dehydroabietylamine; epiandrosterone; nocodazole; oxolinic acid; pyochelin; rhodotulic acid; 9,12-octadecadienoic acid; di-peptides; tri-peptides; ursodiol, and venlafaxine. The strain Ld-08 showed organic acids, ACC deaminase, phosphate solubilization, IAA, and siderophore. The sterilized bulbs of a Lilium variety, inoculated with Ld-08, were further studied for plant growth-promoting traits. The inoculated plants showed improved growth than the control plants. Importantly, some growth parameters such as plant height, leaf length, bulb weight, and root length were significantly (P ≤0.05) increased in the inoculated plants than in the control un-inoculated plants. Further investigations are required to explore the potential of this strain to be used as a plant growth-promoting and biocontrol agent in sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Sayyar Khan
- Microbiology Division, Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (IBGE), The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
- Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Junlian Gao
- Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mingfang Zhang
- Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Xue
- Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuhai Zhang
- Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
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4
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Junkins EN, McWhirter JB, McCall LI, Stevenson BS. Environmental structure impacts microbial composition and secondary metabolism. ISME COMMUNICATIONS 2022; 2:15. [PMID: 37938679 PMCID: PMC9723690 DOI: 10.1038/s43705-022-00097-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Determining the drivers of microbial community assembly is a central theme of microbial ecology, and chemical ecologists seek to characterize how secondary metabolites mediate these assembly patterns. Environmental structure affects how communities assemble and what metabolic pathways aid in that assembly. Here, we bridged these two perspectives by addressing the chemical drivers of community assembly within a spatially structured landscape with varying oxygen availability. We hypothesized that structured environments would favor higher microbial diversity and metabolite diversity. We anticipated that the production of a compound would be more advantageous in a structured environment (less mixing) compared to an unstructured environment (more mixing), where the molecule would have a diminished local effect. We observed this to be partially true in our experiments: structured environments had similar microbial diversity compared to unstructured environments but differed significantly in the metabolites produced. We also found that structured environments selected for communities with higher evenness, rather than communities with higher richness. This supports the idea that when characterizing the drivers of community assembly, it matters less about who is there and more about what they are doing. Overall, these data contribute to a growing effort to approach microbial community assembly with interdisciplinary tools and perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily N Junkins
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA.
| | - Joseph B McWhirter
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - Laura-Isobel McCall
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - Bradley S Stevenson
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
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Ramos AF, Woods DF, Shanahan R, Cano R, McGlacken GP, Serra C, O'Gara F, Reen FJ. A structure-function analysis of interspecies antagonism by the 2-heptyl-4-alkyl-quinolone signal molecule from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2020; 166:169-179. [PMID: 31860435 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.000876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the alkyl-quinolone molecular framework has already provided a rich source of bioactivity for the development of novel anti-infective compounds. Based on the quorum-sensing signalling molecules 4-hydroxy-2-heptylquinoline (HHQ) and 3,4-dihydroxy-2-heptylquinoline (PQS) from the nosocomial pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa, modifications have been developed with markedly enhanced anti-biofilm bioactivity towards important fungal and bacterial pathogens, including Candida albicans and Aspergillus fumigatus. Here we show that antibacterial activity of HHQ against Vibrionaceae is species-specific and it requires an exquisite level of structural fidelity within the alkyl-quinolone molecular framework. Antibacterial activity was demonstrated against the serious human pathogens Vibrio vulnificus and Vibrio cholerae as well as a panel of bioluminescent squid symbiont Allivibrio fischeri isolates. In contrast, Vibrio parahaemolyticus growth and biofilm formation was unaffected in the presence of HHQ and all the structural variants tested. In general, modification to almost all of the molecule except the alkyl-chain end, led to loss of activity. This suggests that the bacteriostatic activity of HHQ requires the concerted action of the entire framework components. The only exception to this pattern was deuteration of HHQ at the C3 position. HHQ modified with a terminal alkene at the quinolone alkyl chain retained bacteriostatic activity and was also found to activate PqsR signalling comparable to the native agonist. The data from this integrated analysis provides novel insights into the structural flexibility underpinning the signalling activity of the complex alkyl-quinolone molecular communication system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana F Ramos
- CIIMAR, -Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental University of Porto, Porto Matosinhos, Portugal.,Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - David F Woods
- BIOMERIT Research Centre, School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Rachel Shanahan
- School of Chemistry and Analytical and Biological Chemistry Research Facility, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Rafael Cano
- School of Chemistry and Analytical and Biological Chemistry Research Facility, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Gerard P McGlacken
- SSPC, Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre, Ireland.,School of Chemistry and Analytical and Biological Chemistry Research Facility, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Claudia Serra
- CIIMAR, -Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental University of Porto, Porto Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Fergal O'Gara
- BIOMERIT Research Centre, School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Telethon Kids Institute, Perth Children's Hospital, PerthWA 6009, Australia.,SSPC, Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre, Ireland.,School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, PerthWA, Australia
| | - F Jerry Reen
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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Sartor P, Bock J, Hennecke U, Thierbach S, Fetzner S. Modification of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa toxin 2-heptyl-1-hydroxyquinolin-4(1H)-one and other secondary metabolites by methyltransferases from mycobacteria. FEBS J 2020; 288:2360-2376. [PMID: 33064871 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa, one of the most prevalent species in infections of the cystic fibrosis lung, produces a range of secondary metabolites, among them the respiratory toxin 2-heptyl-1-hydroxyquinolin-4(1H)-one (2-heptyl-4-hydroxyquinoline N-oxide, HQNO). Cultures of the emerging cystic fibrosis pathogen Mycobacteroides abscessus detoxify HQNO by methylating the N-hydroxy moiety. In this study, the class I methyltransferase MAB_2834c and its orthologue from Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Rv0560c, were identified as HQNO O-methyltransferases. The P. aeruginosa exoproducts 4-hydroxyquinolin-2(1H)-one (DHQ), 2-heptylquinolin-4(1H)-one (HHQ), and 2-heptyl-3-hydroxyquinolin-4(1H)-one (the 'Pseudomonas quinolone signal', PQS), some structurally related (iso)quinolones, and the flavonol quercetin were also methylated; however, HQNO was by far the preferred substrate. Both enzymes converted a benzimidazole[1,2-a]pyridine-4-carbonitrile-based compound, representing the scaffold of antimycobacterial substances, to an N-methylated derivative. We suggest that these promiscuous methyltransferases, newly termed as heterocyclic toxin methyltransferases (Htm), are involved in cellular response to chemical stress and possibly contribute to resistance of mycobacteria toward antimicrobial natural compounds as well as drugs. Thus, synthetic antimycobacterial agents may be designed to be unamenable to methyl transfer. ENZYMES: S-adenosyl-l-methionine:2-heptyl-1-hydroxyquinolin-4(1H)-one O-methyl-transferase, EC 2.1.1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Sartor
- Institute for Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, Germany
| | - Jonathan Bock
- Organic Chemistry Research Group, Department of Chemistry and Department of Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ulrich Hennecke
- Organic Chemistry Research Group, Department of Chemistry and Department of Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sven Thierbach
- Institute for Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, Germany
| | - Susanne Fetzner
- Institute for Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, Germany
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Guo J, Yoshida K, Ikegame M, Okamura H. Quorum sensing molecule N-(3-oxododecanoyl)-l-homoserine lactone: An all-rounder in mammalian cell modification. J Oral Biosci 2020; 62:16-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2020.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Isolation and Characterization of Plant Growth-Promoting Endophytic Bacteria Paenibacillus polymyxa SK1 from Lilium lancifolium. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:8650957. [PMID: 32190683 PMCID: PMC7064867 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8650957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Paenibacillus polymyxa is a plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium that has immense potential to be used as an environmentally friendly replacement of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. In the present study, Paenibacillus polymyxa SK1 was isolated from bulbs of Lilium lancifolium. The isolated endophytic strain showed antifungal activities against important plant pathogens like Botryosphaeria dothidea, Fusarium oxysporum, Botrytis cinerea, and Fusarium fujikuroi. The highest percentage of growth inhibition, i.e., 66.67 ± 2.23%, was observed for SK1 against Botryosphaeria dothidea followed by 61.19 ± 3.12%, 60.71 ± 3.53%, and 55.54 ± 2.89% against Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium fujikuroi, and Fusarium oxysporum, respectively. The metabolite profiling of ethyl acetate fraction was assessed through the UHPLC-LTQ-IT-MS/MS analysis, and putative identification was done with the aid of the GNPS molecular networking workflow. A total of 29 compounds were putatively identified which included dipeptides, tripeptides, cyclopeptides (cyclo-(Leu-Leu), cyclo(Pro-Phe)), 2-heptyl-3-hydroxy 4-quinolone, 6-oxocativic acid, anhydrobrazilic acid, 1-(5-methoxy-1H-indol-3-yl)-2-piperidin-1-ylethane-1,2-dione, octadecenoic acid, pyochelin, 15-hydroxy-5Z,8Z,11Z, 13E-eicosatetraenoic acid, (Z)-7-[(2R,3S)-3-[(2Z,5E)-Undeca-2,5-dienyl]oxiran-2-yl]hept-5-enoic acid, arginylasparagine, cholic acid, sphinganine, elaidic acid, gossypin, L-carnosine, tetrodotoxin, and ursodiol. The high antifungal activity of SK1 might be attributed to the presence of these bioactive compounds. The isolated strain SK1 showed plant growth-promoting traits such as the production of organic acids, ACC deaminase, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), siderophores, nitrogen fixation, and phosphate solubilization. IAA production was strongly correlated with the application of exogenous tryptophan concentrations in the medium. Furthermore, inoculation of SK1 enhanced plant growth of two Lilium varieties, Tresor and White Heaven, under greenhouse condition. In the light of these findings, the P. polymyxa SK1 may be utilized as a source of plant growth promotion and disease control in sustainable agriculture.
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Ritzmann NH, Mährlein A, Ernst S, Hennecke U, Drees SL, Fetzner S. Bromination of alkyl quinolones by Microbulbifer sp. HZ11, a marine Gammaproteobacterium, modulates their antibacterial activity. Environ Microbiol 2019; 21:2595-2609. [PMID: 31087606 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.14654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Alkyl quinolones (AQs) are multifunctional bacterial secondary metabolites generally known for their antibacterial and algicidal properties. Certain representatives are also employed as signalling molecules of Burkholderia strains and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The marine Gammaproteobacterium Microbulbifer sp. HZ11 harbours an AQ biosynthetic gene cluster with unusual topology but does not produce any AQ-type metabolites under laboratory conditions. In this study, we demonstrate the potential of strain HZ11 for AQ production by analysing intermediates and key enzymes of the pathway. Moreover, we demonstrate that exogenously added AQs such as 2-heptyl-1(H)-quinolin-4-one (referred to as HHQ) or 2-heptyl-1-hydroxyquinolin-4-one (referred to as HQNO) are brominated by a vanadium-dependent haloperoxidase (V-HPOHZ11 ), which preferably is active towards AQs with C5-C9 alkyl side chains. Bromination was specific for the third position and led to 3-bromo-2-heptyl-1(H)-quinolin-4-one (BrHHQ) and 3-bromo-2-heptyl-1-hydroxyquinolin-4-one (BrHQNO), both of which were less toxic for strain HZ11 than the respective parental compounds. In contrast, BrHQNO showed increased antibiotic activity against Staphylococcus aureus and marine isolates. Therefore, bromination of AQs by V-HPOHZ11 can have divergent consequences, eliciting a detoxifying effect for strain HZ11 while simultaneously enhancing antibiotic activity against other bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas H Ritzmann
- Institute for Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Almuth Mährlein
- Institute for Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Simon Ernst
- Institute for Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Ulrich Hennecke
- Organic Chemistry Institute, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.,Organic Chemistry Research Group, Department of Chemistry and Department of Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussel, Belgium
| | - Steffen L Drees
- Institute for Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Susanne Fetzner
- Institute for Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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