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Santalucia D, Bondanza M, Lipparini F, Ripszam M, Rossi N, Mandoli A. Breaking the Rules: On the Relative Stability of Some Methylencyclopropane and Methylcyclopropene Derivatives. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400431. [PMID: 38483818 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
The structure of the spirocyclic product obtained by reacting catechol with 1,1-dichloro-2-(chloromethyl)cyclopropane is shown by NMR and X-ray analysis to be that of a 2-methylcyclopropene (MeCP), instead of the previously reported 2-methylenecyclopropane (MCP) one. The study of the equilibration between the two isomeric forms by experimental and computational means (including both Density Functional Theory - DFT - and Coupled Cluster with single, double, and perturbative triple excitations - CCSD(T) - calculations) revealed that, at variance with most of the alkylidenecyclopropane/alkylcyclopropene systems described to date, for the compounds of the present study the MeCP derivative is more stable by≈ 2.5-3.0 Kcal mol-1 than the MCP one. The extension of the DFT and CCSD(T) study to other spiro-MCP/MeCP pairs suggests that the origin of the unexpected shift of the equilibrium position can be tracked back to a combination of electronic and ring-strain effects. These findings lead to re-think a long-standing, and substantially undisputed belief in the area of unsaturated cyclopropane derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delio Santalucia
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Mattia Bondanza
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Filippo Lipparini
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Matyas Ripszam
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Nicolò Rossi
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandro Mandoli
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, 56126, Pisa, Italy
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Ranga PK, Ahmad F, Singh G, Tyagi A, Vijaya Anand R. Recent advances in the organocatalytic applications of cyclopropene- and cyclopropenium-based small molecules. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:9541-9564. [PMID: 34704583 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob01549d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The development of novel small molecule-based catalysts for organic transformations has increased noticeably in the last two decades. A very recent addition to this particular research area is cyclopropene- and cyclopropenium-based catalysts. At one point in time, particularly in the mid-20th century, much attention was focused on the structural aspects and physical properties of cyclopropene-based compounds. However, a paradigm shift was observed in the late 20th century, and the focus shifted to the synthetic utility of these compounds. In fact, a wide range of cyclopropene derivatives have been found serving as valuable synthons for the construction of carbocycles, heterocycles and other useful organic compounds. In the last few years, the catalytic applications of cyclopropene/cyclopropenium-based compounds have been uncovered and many synthetic protocols have been developed using cyclopropene-based compounds as organocatalysts. Therefore, the main objective of this review is to highlight recent developments in the catalytic applications of cyclopropene-based small molecules in different areas of organocatalysis such as phase-transfer catalysis (PTC), Brønsted base catalysis, hydrogen-bond donor catalysis, nucleophilic carbene catalysis, and electrophotocatalysis developed within the past two decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavit K Ranga
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Sector 81, Knowledge City, S.A.S Nagar, Manauli (PO), Punjab - 140306, India.
| | - Feroz Ahmad
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Sector 81, Knowledge City, S.A.S Nagar, Manauli (PO), Punjab - 140306, India.
| | - Gurdeep Singh
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Sector 81, Knowledge City, S.A.S Nagar, Manauli (PO), Punjab - 140306, India.
| | - Akshi Tyagi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Sector 81, Knowledge City, S.A.S Nagar, Manauli (PO), Punjab - 140306, India.
| | - Ramasamy Vijaya Anand
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Sector 81, Knowledge City, S.A.S Nagar, Manauli (PO), Punjab - 140306, India.
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Hu C, Farshadfar K, Dietl MC, Cervantes-Reyes A, Wang T, Adak T, Rudolph M, Rominger F, Li J, Ariafard A, Hashmi ASK. Gold-Catalyzed [5,5]-Rearrangement. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c01108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Hu
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Kaveh Farshadfar
- Department of Chemistry, Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch, Poonak, Tehran 1469669191, Iran
| | - Martin C. Dietl
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Alejandro Cervantes-Reyes
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Tao Wang
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Tapas Adak
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Matthias Rudolph
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Jun Li
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Alireza Ariafard
- School of Natural Sciences (Chemistry), University of Tasmania, Private Bag 75, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
| | - A. Stephen K. Hashmi
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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Drew MA, Arndt S, Richardson C, Rudolph M, Hashmi ASK, Hyland CJT. Divergent gold-catalysed reactions of cyclopropenylmethyl sulfonamides with tethered heteroaromatics. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:13971-13974. [PMID: 31686080 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc06241f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cyclopropenylmethyl sulfonamides with tethered heteroaromatics have been demonstrated to undergo divergent gold-catalysed cyclisation reactions. A formal dearomative (4+3) cycloaddition takes place with furan-tethered substrates, yielding densely functionalised 5,7-fused heterocycles related to the bioactive curcusone natural products. Indole-tethered substrates display divergent reactivity giving biologically important tetrahydro-β-carbolines via a Friedel-Crafts mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie A Drew
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, and Molecular Horizons Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Northfields Avenue, Wollongong, 2522, Australia.
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