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Schröder DC, Kracker O, Fröhr T, Góra J, Jewginski M, Nieß A, Antes I, Latajka R, Marion A, Sewald N. 1,4-Disubstituted 1 H-1,2,3-Triazole Containing Peptidotriazolamers: A New Class of Peptidomimetics With Interesting Foldamer Properties. Front Chem 2019; 7:155. [PMID: 30972322 PMCID: PMC6443886 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptidotriazolamers are hybrid foldamers with features of peptides and triazolamers, containing alternation of amide bonds and 1,4-disubstituted 1H-1,2,3-triazoles with conservation of the amino acid side chains. We report on the synthesis of a new class of peptidomimetics, containing 1,4-disubstituted 1H-1,2,3-triazoles in alternation with amide bonds and the elucidation of their conformational properties in solution. Based on enantiomerically pure propargylamines bearing the stereogenic center in the propargylic position and α-azido esters, building blocks were obtained by copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition. With these building blocks the peptidotriazolamers were readily available by solution phase synthesis. A panel of homo- and heterochiral tetramers, hexamers, and heptamers was synthesized and the heptamer Boc-Ala-Val-Ψ[4Tz]Phe-LeuΨ[4Tz]Phe-LeuΨ[4Tz]Val-OAll as well as an heterochiral and a Gly-containing equivalent were structurally characterized by NMR-based molecular dynamics simulations using a specifically tailored force field to determine their conformational and solvation properties. All three variants adopt a compact folded conformation in DMSO as well as in water. In addition to the heptamers we predicted the conformational behavior of similar longer oligomers i.e., Boc-Ala-(AlaΨ[4Tz]Ala)6-OAll as well as Boc-Ala-(d-AlaΨ[4Tz]Ala)6-OAll and Boc-Ala-(GlyΨ[4Tz]Ala)6-OAll. Our calculations predict a clear secondary structure of the first two molecules in DMSO that collapses in water due to the hydrophobic character of the side chains. The homochiral compound folds into a regular helical structure and the heterochiral one shows a twisted “S”-shape, while the Gly variant exhibits no clear secondary structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Schröder
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Oliver Kracker
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Tanja Fröhr
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Jerzy Góra
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany.,Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Michał Jewginski
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Anke Nieß
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Iris Antes
- Center for Integrated Protein Science, TUM School of Life Sciences, TU Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Rafał Latajka
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Antoine Marion
- Center for Integrated Protein Science, TUM School of Life Sciences, TU Munich, Freising, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Norbert Sewald
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
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Kracker O, Góra J, Krzciuk-Gula J, Marion A, Neumann B, Stammler HG, Nieß A, Antes I, Latajka R, Sewald N. 1,5-Disubstituted 1,2,3-Triazole-Containing Peptidotriazolamers: Design Principles for a Class of Versatile Peptidomimetics. Chemistry 2017; 24:953-961. [PMID: 29160605 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201704583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Peptidotriazolamers are hybrid foldamers combining features of peptides and triazolamers-repetitive peptidomimetic structures with triazoles replacing peptide bonds. We report on the synthesis of a new class of peptidomimetics, containing 1,5-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles in an alternating fashion with amide bonds and the analysis of their conformation in solid state and solution. Homo- or heterochiral peptidotriazolamers were obtained from enantiomerically pure propargylamines with stereogenic centers in the propargylic position and α-azido esters by ruthenium-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (RuAAC) under microwave conditions in high yields. With such building blocks the peptidotriazolamers are readily available by solution phase synthesis. While the conformation of the homochiral peptidotriazolamer Boc-Ala[5Tz]Phe-Val[5Tz]Ala-Leu[5Tz]Val-OBzl resembles that of a β VIa1 turn, the heterochiral peptidotriazolamer Boc-d-Ala[5Tz]Phe-d-Val[5Tz]Ala-d-Leu[5Tz]Val-OBzl adopts a polyproline-like repetitive structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Kracker
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, PO Box 100131, 33501, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Jerzy Góra
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, PO Box 100131, 33501, Bielefeld, Germany.,Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Joanna Krzciuk-Gula
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, PO Box 100131, 33501, Bielefeld, Germany.,Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Antoine Marion
- Center for Integrated Protein Science, Department of Biosciences, TU Munich, Emil-Erlenmeyer-Forum 8, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Beate Neumann
- Inorganic and Structural Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, PO Box 100131, 33501, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Stammler
- Inorganic and Structural Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, PO Box 100131, 33501, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Anke Nieß
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, PO Box 100131, 33501, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Iris Antes
- Center for Integrated Protein Science, Department of Biosciences, TU Munich, Emil-Erlenmeyer-Forum 8, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Rafał Latajka
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Norbert Sewald
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, PO Box 100131, 33501, Bielefeld, Germany
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Wünsch M, Schröder D, Fröhr T, Teichmann L, Hedwig S, Janson N, Belu C, Simon J, Heidemeyer S, Holtkamp P, Rudlof J, Klemme L, Hinzmann A, Neumann B, Stammler HG, Sewald N. Asymmetric synthesis of propargylamines as amino acid surrogates in peptidomimetics. Beilstein J Org Chem 2017; 13:2428-2441. [PMID: 29234470 PMCID: PMC5704752 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.13.240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The amide moiety of peptides can be replaced for example by a triazole moiety, which is considered to be bioisosteric. Therefore, the carbonyl moiety of an amino acid has to be replaced by an alkyne in order to provide a precursor of such peptidomimetics. As most amino acids have a chiral center at Cα, such amide bond surrogates need a chiral moiety. Here the asymmetric synthesis of a set of 24 N-sulfinyl propargylamines is presented. The condensation of various aldehydes with Ellman's chiral sulfinamide provides chiral N-sulfinylimines, which were reacted with (trimethylsilyl)ethynyllithium to afford diastereomerically pure N-sulfinyl propargylamines. Diverse functional groups present in the propargylic position resemble the side chain present at the Cα of amino acids. Whereas propargylamines with (cyclo)alkyl substituents can be prepared in a direct manner, residues with polar functional groups require suitable protective groups. The presence of particular functional groups in the side chain in some cases leads to remarkable side reactions of the alkyne moiety. Thus, electron-withdrawing substituents in the Cα-position facilitate a base induced rearrangement to α,β-unsaturated imines, while azide-substituted propargylamines form triazoles under surprisingly mild conditions. A panel of propargylamines bearing fluoro or chloro substituents, polar functional groups, or basic and acidic functional groups is accessible for the use as precursors of peptidomimetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Wünsch
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - David Schröder
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Tanja Fröhr
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Lisa Teichmann
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Sebastian Hedwig
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Nils Janson
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Clara Belu
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Jasmin Simon
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Shari Heidemeyer
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Philipp Holtkamp
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Jens Rudlof
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Lennard Klemme
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Alessa Hinzmann
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Beate Neumann
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Stammler
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Norbert Sewald
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
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