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Chitosan supported 1-phenyl-1H-tetrazole-5-thiol ionic liquid copper(II) complex as an efficient catalyst for the synthesis of arylaminotetrazoles. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.117398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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2
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Salaklang J, Mertens E, Maes V, Dams R, Dermaut W, Junkers T. Telescoped continuous flow synthesis of phenyl acrylamide. J Flow Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s41981-020-00113-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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3
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Motahharifar N, Nasrollahzadeh M, Taheri-Kafrani A, Varma RS, Shokouhimehr M. Magnetic chitosan-copper nanocomposite: A plant assembled catalyst for the synthesis of amino- and N-sulfonyl tetrazoles in eco-friendly media. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 232:115819. [PMID: 31952615 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A greener, cost efficient and simple method is described to prepare copper nanoparticles (NPs) immobilized on the magnetic chitosan (one of the more versatile polysaccharides) using Euphorbia falcata leaf extract as reducing/stabilizing agent. The prepared catalyst (Cu NPs@Fe3O4-chitosan) was authenticated by field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), thermogravimetry/derivative thermogravimetry (TG/DTG), Vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), and elemental mapping. TEM analysis indicates that Cu NPs with average sizes in 5-10 nm range is formed on magnetic chitosan with the spherical morphology. The Cu NPs@Fe3O4-chitosan was employed as a new catalyst for the synthesis of different tetrazoles by the reaction of various secondary or tertiary cyanamides with sodium azide in water under reflux conditions. Easy separation by external magnetic field, mild reaction conditions, low cost and the reusability are some of the beneficial features of this catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narjes Motahharifar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Qom, Qom 3716146611, Iran
| | | | - Asghar Taheri-Kafrani
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technologies, University of Isfahan, Isfahan 81746-73441, Iran
| | - Rajender S Varma
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Mohammadreza Shokouhimehr
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Tissot M, Jacq J, Pasau P. Stereospecific Amination of Mesylated Cyclobutanol in Continuous Flow. Org Process Res Dev 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.9b00381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Tissot
- UCB Biopharma SPRL, Avenue de l’industrie, 1420 Braine l’Alleud, Belgium
| | - Jérôme Jacq
- UCB Biopharma SPRL, Avenue de l’industrie, 1420 Braine l’Alleud, Belgium
| | - Patrick Pasau
- UCB Biopharma SPRL, Avenue de l’industrie, 1420 Braine l’Alleud, Belgium
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Hone CA, Lopatka P, Munday R, O'Kearney‐McMullan A, Kappe CO. Continuous-flow Synthesis of Aryl Aldehydes by Pd-catalyzed Formylation of Aryl Bromides Using Carbon Monoxide and Hydrogen. CHEMSUSCHEM 2019; 12:326-337. [PMID: 30300970 PMCID: PMC6582436 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201802261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A continuous-flow protocol utilizing syngas (CO and H2 ) was developed for the palladium-catalyzed reductive carbonylation of (hetero)aryl bromides to their corresponding (hetero)aryl aldehydes. The optimization of temperature, pressure, catalyst and ligand loading, and residence time resulted in process-intensified flow conditions for the transformation. In addition, a key benefit of investigating the reaction in flow is the ability to precisely control the CO-to-H2 stoichiometric ratio, which was identified as having a critical influence on yield. The protocol proceeds with low catalyst and ligand loadings: palladium acetate (1 mol % or below) and cataCXium A (3 mol % or below). A variety of (hetero)aryl bromides at a 3 mmol scale were converted to their corresponding (hetero)aryl aldehydes at 12 bar pressure (CO/H2 =1:3) and 120 °C reaction temperature within 45 min residence time to afford products mostly in good-to-excellent yields (17 examples). In particular, a successful scale-up was achieved over 415 min operation time for the reductive carbonylation of 2-bromo-6-methoxynaphthalene to synthesize 3.8 g of 6-methoxy-2-naphthaldehyde in 85 % isolated yield. Studies were conducted to understand catalyst decomposition within the reactor by using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) analysis. The palladium could easily be recovered using an aqueous nitric acid wash post reaction. Mechanistic aspects and the scope of the transformation are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A. Hone
- Center for Continuous Flow Synthesis and Processing (CCFLOW)Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering (RCPE)Inffeldgasse 138010GrazAustria
- Institute of ChemistryUniversity of Graz, NAWI GrazHeinrichstrasse 28A-8010GrazAustria
| | - Pavol Lopatka
- Institute of ChemistryUniversity of Graz, NAWI GrazHeinrichstrasse 28A-8010GrazAustria
| | - Rachel Munday
- AstraZenecaSilk Road Business ParkMacclesfieldSK10 2NAUK
| | | | - C. Oliver Kappe
- Center for Continuous Flow Synthesis and Processing (CCFLOW)Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering (RCPE)Inffeldgasse 138010GrazAustria
- Institute of ChemistryUniversity of Graz, NAWI GrazHeinrichstrasse 28A-8010GrazAustria
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Chen Y, Hone CA, Gutmann B, Kappe CO. Continuous Flow Synthesis of Carbonylated Heterocycles via Pd-Catalyzed Oxidative Carbonylation Using CO and O2 at Elevated Temperatures and Pressures. Org Process Res Dev 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.7b00217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuesu Chen
- Institute
of Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Christopher A. Hone
- Institute
of Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, A-8010 Graz, Austria
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH (RCPE), Inffeldgasse 13, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Bernhard Gutmann
- Institute
of Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, A-8010 Graz, Austria
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH (RCPE), Inffeldgasse 13, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - C. Oliver Kappe
- Institute
of Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, A-8010 Graz, Austria
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH (RCPE), Inffeldgasse 13, 8010 Graz, Austria
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Kant R, Singh V, Agarwal A. An efficient and economical synthesis of 5-substituted 1H-tetrazoles via Pb(II) salt catalyzed [3+2] cycloaddition of nitriles and sodium azide. CR CHIM 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crci.2015.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Malik EM, Baqi Y, Müller CE. Syntheses of 2-substituted 1-amino-4-bromoanthraquinones (bromaminic acid analogues) - precursors for dyes and drugs. Beilstein J Org Chem 2015; 11:2326-33. [PMID: 26734081 PMCID: PMC4685860 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.11.253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthraquinone (AQ) derivatives play a prominent role in medicine and also in textile industry. Bromaminic acid (1-amino-4-bromoanthraquinone-2-sulfonic acid) is an important precursor for obtaining dyes as well as biologically active compounds through the replacement of the C4-bromo substituent with different (ar)alkylamino residues. Here we report methods for the synthesis of bromaminic acid analogues bearing different substituents at the 2-position of the anthraquinone core. 1-Aminoanthraquinone was converted to its 2-hydroxymethyl-substituted derivative which, under different reaction conditions, yielded the corresponding carbaldehyde, carboxylic acid, and nitrile derivatives. The latter was further reacted to obtain 1-amino-2-tetrazolylanthraquinone. Subsequent bromination using bromine in DMF led to the corresponding bromaminic acid derivatives in excellent isolated yields (>90%) and high purities. Alternatively, 1-amino-4-bromo-2-hydroxymethylanthraquinone could be directly converted to the desired 2-substituted bromaminic acid analogues in high yields (85-100%). We additionally report the preparation of bromaminic acid sodium salt and 1-amino-2,4-dibromoanthraquinone directly from 1-aminoanthraquinone in excellent yields (94-100%) and high purities. The synthesized brominated AQs are valuable precursors for the preparation of AQ drugs and dyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enas M Malik
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, Pharmaceutical Sciences Bonn (PSB), University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Younis Baqi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, PO Box 36, Postal Code 123, Muscat, Oman
| | - Christa E Müller
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, Pharmaceutical Sciences Bonn (PSB), University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
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Bi YG, Feng YA, Li Y, Wu BD, Zhang TL. Synthesis, structure, and thermal decomposition of two copper coordination compounds [Cu(DAT)2(PA)2] and [Cu(DAT)2(HTNR)2] with nitrogen rich 1,5-diaminotetrazole (DAT). J COORD CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2014.981167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Gang Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yong-An Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, PR China
| | - Ying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, PR China
| | - Bi-Dong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, PR China
| | - Tong-Lai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, PR China
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Cantillo D, Kappe CO. Immobilized Transition Metals as Catalysts for Cross-Couplings in Continuous Flow-A Critical Assessment of the Reaction Mechanism and Metal Leaching. ChemCatChem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201402483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Damm M, Gutmann B, Kappe CO. Continuous-flow synthesis of adipic acid from cyclohexene using hydrogen peroxide in high-temperature explosive regimes. CHEMSUSCHEM 2013; 6:978-982. [PMID: 23592635 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201300197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Safe only in a microreactor! The synthesis of adipic acid from cyclohexene by tungstic acid-catalyzed oxidation using hydrogen peroxide following the classical Noyori protocol can be accomplished in good yields with residence times as short as 20 min at 140 °C using a safe and scalable microreactor environment. Under these intensified conditions the use of a phase-transfer catalyst is not required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Damm
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Microwave Chemistry (CDLMC) and Institute of Chemistry, Karl-Franzens-University Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, A-8010 Graz, Austria
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Gutmann B, Obermayer D, Roduit JP, Roberge DM, Kappe CO. Safe Generation and Synthetic Utilization of Hydrazoic Acid in a Continuous Flow Reactor. J Flow Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1556/jfchem.2012.00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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13
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Reichart B, Kappe CO. High-temperature continuous flow synthesis of 1,3,4-oxadiazoles via N-acylation of 5-substituted tetrazoles. Tetrahedron Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2011.12.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Rueping M, Bootwicha T, Baars H, Sugiono E. Continuous-flow hydration-condensation reaction: Synthesis of α,β-unsaturated ketones from alkynes and aldehydes by using a heterogeneous solid acid catalyst. Beilstein J Org Chem 2011; 7:1680-7. [PMID: 22238547 PMCID: PMC3252873 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.7.198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2011] [Accepted: 12/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A simple, practical and efficient continuous-flow hydration-condensation protocol was developed for the synthesis of α,β-unsaturated ketones starting from alkynes and aldehydes by employing a heterogeneous catalyst in a flow microwave. The procedure presents a straightforward and convenient access to valuable differently substituted chalcones and can be applied on multigram scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magnus Rueping
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Teerawut Bootwicha
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Hannah Baars
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Erli Sugiono
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
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The Microwave-to-Flow Paradigm: Translating High-Temperature Batch Microwave Chemistry to Scalable Continuous-Flow Processes. Chemistry 2011; 17:11956-68. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201102065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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17
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Obermayer D, Glasnov TN, Kappe CO. Microwave-Assisted and Continuous Flow Multistep Synthesis of 4-(Pyrazol-1-yl)carboxanilides. J Org Chem 2011; 76:6657-69. [DOI: 10.1021/jo2009824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- David Obermayer
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Microwave Chemistry (CDLMC) and Institute of Chemistry, Karl-Franzens-University Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Toma N. Glasnov
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Microwave Chemistry (CDLMC) and Institute of Chemistry, Karl-Franzens-University Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - C. Oliver Kappe
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Microwave Chemistry (CDLMC) and Institute of Chemistry, Karl-Franzens-University Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, A-8010 Graz, Austria
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