1
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A High-Efficiency Single-Mode Traveling Wave Reactor for Continuous Flow Processing. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10071261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper proposes a high-efficiency single-mode traveling wave reactor based on a rectangular waveguide and its design method for continuous flow processing. The reactor has a large-capacity reaction chamber (1000 mm × 742.8 mm × 120 mm) that can provide high-energy-efficiency and approximately uniform microwave heating. The microwave heating uniformity is improved by maintaining single-mode microwave transmission and eliminating higher-order modes in such a multi-mode reaction chamber. The high energy efficiency of microwave heating is achieved by adopting impedance matching techniques. The incident microwave in the reactor can remain in a traveling wave state, and the power reflection can be minimized. Several numerical simulations based on multi-physics modeling are conducted to investigate the heating uniformity, the energy efficiency and the flexibility under different operation conditions. The results show the microwave energy efficiency can be higher than 99%, and meanwhile, the coefficient of temperature variation can be lower than 0.4. Furthermore, when the reactor is operated under different flow velocities and with different heating materials, both the energy efficiency and the heating uniformity can also meet the above requirements. The proposed reactor can be used in the applications such as oil processing, wastewater tackling, chemical synthesis, beverage sterilization and other microwave-assisted continuous flow processes that require high heating uniformity, high energy efficiency and good adaptability.
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2
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Martina K, Cravotto G, Varma RS. Impact of Microwaves on Organic Synthesis and Strategies toward Flow Processes and Scaling Up. J Org Chem 2021; 86:13857-13872. [PMID: 34125541 PMCID: PMC8524417 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Microwave-assisted organic synthesis has been widely studied and deliberated, opening up some controversial issues as well. Nowadays, microwave chemistry is a mature technology that has been well demonstrated in many cases with numerous advantages in terms of the reaction rate and yield. The strategies toward scaling up find an ally in continuous-flow reactor technology comparing dielectric and conductive heating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katia Martina
- Dipartimento
di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco and Centre for Nanostructured
Interfaces and Surfaces (NIS), University of Turin, University of Turin, via P. Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Cravotto
- Dipartimento
di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco and Centre for Nanostructured
Interfaces and Surfaces (NIS), University of Turin, University of Turin, via P. Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Rajender S. Varma
- Regional
Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Palacký University in Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
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3
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Biswas N, Srimani D. Synthesis of 1,8-Dioxo-decahydroacridine Derivatives via Ru-Catalyzed Acceptorless Dehydrogenative Multicomponent Reaction. J Org Chem 2021; 86:9733-9743. [PMID: 34170141 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A Ru-catalyzed acceptorless dehydrogenative multicomponent reaction has been developed. This reaction offers a cost-effective and simple operational strategy to synthesize biologically active 1,8-dioxodecahydroacridine derivatives. The protocol provides a wide range of substrate scope and various functional groups are also well tolerated under the reaction condition. To shed light on the mechanistic and kinetic study, some controlled experiments and deuterium labeling experiments were executed. A time-dependent product distribution experiment is also presented and the reaction scale-up is performed to highlight the practical utility of this strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandita Biswas
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Dipankar Srimani
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
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4
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Koduri RG, Pagadala R, Varala R, Boodida S. An effective process for the synthesis of dihydropyridines via
SO
4
−2
/
SnO
2
‐catalyzed Hantzsch reaction. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.202000264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Goud Koduri
- Chemistry Division, H&S Department CVR College of Engineering Hyderabad India
| | - Ramakanth Pagadala
- Chemistry Division, H&S Department CVR College of Engineering Hyderabad India
| | - Ravi Varala
- Scrips Pharma Mallapur‐500 076, Hyderabad Telangana India
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5
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Soni JP, Chemitikanti KS, Joshi SV, Shankaraiah N. The microwave-assisted syntheses and applications of non-fused single-nitrogen-containing heterocycles. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:9737-9761. [PMID: 33211792 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01779e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Microwave technology has emerged as a great tool for the efficient synthesis of organic compounds and it provides opportunities for chemists to achieve chemical transformations that tend to be challenging using classical approaches. Additionally, N-heterocycles are well-known for their medicinal/biological significance, along with their applications as excellent building blocks in chemical synthesis. The dominance of N-heterocycles in drug molecules and other pharmacological agents makes them attractive scaffolds, which encourages chemists to develop a wide range of strategies towards the greener synthesis and functionalization of these heterocycles. In this regard, we have collated and discussed literature relating to the microwave-assisted synthesis and the modification of non-(benzo)fused single-nitrogen-containing N-heterocycles from the past decade. The role of the microwave technique and its benefits over the conventional approach have also been emphasized in terms of overall reaction efficiency, reaction time, yield, reduced side-product generation, neat and clean reactions, chemo-/regio-/enantio-selectivity, and the use of mild reagents/reaction conditions to achieve the objectives of green and sustainable chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay Prakash Soni
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad - 500037, India.
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6
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Brandão P, Pineiro M, Pinho e Melo TMVD. Flow Chemistry: Towards A More Sustainable Heterocyclic Synthesis. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201901335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Brandão
- CQC and Department of Chemistry; University of Coimbra; 3004-535 Coimbra Portugal
- Centro de Química de Évora; Institute for Research and Advanced Studies; University of Évora; 7000 Évora Portugal
| | - Marta Pineiro
- CQC and Department of Chemistry; University of Coimbra; 3004-535 Coimbra Portugal
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7
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Egami H, Hamashima Y. Practical and Scalable Organic Reactions with Flow Microwave Apparatus. CHEM REC 2018; 19:157-171. [PMID: 30511806 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201800132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Microwave irradiation has been used for accelerating organic reactions as a heating method and has been proven to be useful in laboratory scale organic synthesis. The major drawback of microwave chemistry is the difficulty in scaling up, mainly because of the low penetration depth of microwaves. The combination of microwave chemistry and flow chemistry is considered to overcome the problem in scaling up of microwave-assisted organic reactions, and some flow microwave systems have been developed in both academic and industrial communities. In this context, we have demonstrated the scale-up of fundamental organic reactions using a novel flow microwave system developed by the academic-industrial alliance between the University of Shizuoka, Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, and SAIDA FDS. In this Personal Account, we summarize the recent progress of our scalable microwave-assisted continuous synthesis using the SAIDA flow microwave apparatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromichi Egami
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Hamashima
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, Japan
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8
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Dharma Rao GB. Hantzsch Reaction: A Greener and Sustainable Approach to 1,4-Dihydropyridines Using Non-commercial β-Ketoesters. J Heterocycl Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.3309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G. B. Dharma Rao
- Department of Chemistry; Kommuri Pratap Reddy Institute of Technology; Hyderabad 500088 TS India
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9
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Toscani A, Risi C, Black GW, Brown NL, Shaaban A, Turner NJ, Castagnolo D. Monoamine Oxidase (MAO-N) Whole Cell Biocatalyzed Aromatization of 1,2,5,6-Tetrahydropyridines into Pyridines. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b02386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anita Toscani
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, 150 Stamford Street, SE1 9NH London, United Kingdom
| | - Caterina Risi
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, 150 Stamford Street, SE1 9NH London, United Kingdom
| | - Gary W. Black
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Ellison Place, NE1 8ST Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola L. Brown
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Ellison Place, NE1 8ST Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Ali Shaaban
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, 150 Stamford Street, SE1 9NH London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas J. Turner
- School of Chemistry, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, M1 7DN Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Daniele Castagnolo
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, 150 Stamford Street, SE1 9NH London, United Kingdom
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10
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Tagliapietra S, Calcio Gaudino E, Martina K, Barge A, Cravotto G. Microwave Irradiation in Micro‐ Meso‐Fluidic Systems; Hybrid Technology has Issued the Challenge. CHEM REC 2018; 19:98-117. [DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201800057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Tagliapietra
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del FarmacoUniversity of Turin Via Giuria 9 10125- Turin Italy
| | - Emanuela Calcio Gaudino
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del FarmacoUniversity of Turin Via Giuria 9 10125- Turin Italy
| | - Katia Martina
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del FarmacoUniversity of Turin Via Giuria 9 10125- Turin Italy
| | - Alessandro Barge
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del FarmacoUniversity of Turin Via Giuria 9 10125- Turin Italy
| | - Giancarlo Cravotto
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del FarmacoUniversity of Turin Via Giuria 9 10125- Turin Italy
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11
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Šačkus A, Žukauskaitė Ž, Kleizienė N, Bieliauskas A, Amankavičienė V, Holzer W, Martynaitis V. One-pot synthesis of polycyclic heterocyclic compounds by condensation of 1-carbamoylmethyl-2,3,3-trimethyl-3H-indolium salts with pyridine-2, 3, and 4- and quinoline-4-carboxaldehydes. Tetrahedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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12
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Vasconcelos SNS, Fornari E, Caracelli I, Stefani HA. Synthesis of α-amino-1,3-dicarbonyl compounds via Ugi flow chemistry reaction: access to functionalized 1,2,3-triazoles. Mol Divers 2017; 21:893-902. [PMID: 28702849 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-017-9764-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The Ugi multicomponent reaction has been used as an important synthetic route to obtain compounds with potential biological activity. We present the rapid and efficient synthesis of [Formula: see text]-amino-1,3-dicarbonyl compounds in moderate to good yields via Ugi flow chemistry reactions performed with a continuous flow reactor. Such [Formula: see text]-amino-1,3-dicarbonyl compounds can act as precursors for the production of [Formula: see text]-amino acids via hydrolysis of the ethyl ester group as well as building blocks for the synthesis of novel compounds with the 1,2,3-triazole ring. The [Formula: see text]-amino acid derivatives of the Ugi flow chemistry reaction products were then used for dipeptide synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanley N S Vasconcelos
- Departamento de Farmácia, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Evelin Fornari
- Departamento de Farmácia, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ignez Caracelli
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Hélio A Stefani
- Departamento de Farmácia, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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13
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Akwi FM, Watts P. Study on the Scale-Up of Phase-Transfer-Catalyzed Azo Coupling Reactions in Flow Reactors. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-017-1990-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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14
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Gündüz MG, Kaya Y, Şimşek R, Sahin-Erdemli I, Şafak C. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of New Tricyclic Dihydropyridine Based Derivatives on Potassium Channels. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2016; 15:763-775. [PMID: 28243272 PMCID: PMC5316254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The present study reports a microwave-assisted method for the synthesis of twelve novel tricyclic 1,4-dihydropyridine derivatives in which dimethyl-substituted cyclohexane and / or tetrahydrothiophene rings are fused to the DHP ring. The structures of the compounds were confirmed by spectral methods and elemental analysis. The potassium channel opening effects of the compounds were determined on rat mesenteric arteries and urinary bladders. The obtained results indicated that some compounds produced mesenteric artery-selective relaxant properties and the effects of these compounds were mediated through ATP-sensitive potassium channels. The replacement of the second tetrahydrothiophene ring with dimethyl-substituted cyclohexane ring led to more active compounds. Docking studies were carried out to understand the interactions of the compounds with the active site of potassium channel. The unsubstituted nitrogen atom on the 1,4-dihydropyridine ring and one of the sulfonyl oxygens were found to be important for the formation of hydrogen bonds to stabilize the compound in the center of the cavity. The nature and position of phenyl ring substituents were also effective on the activity of the compounds. Finally, a theoretical study was established to predict the ADME of the most active compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miyase Gözde Gündüz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, 06100, Ankara-Turkey. ,Corresponding author: E-mail:
| | - Yesim Kaya
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, 06100, Ankara-Turkey.
| | - Rahime Şimşek
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, 06100, Ankara-Turkey.
| | - Inci Sahin-Erdemli
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, 06100, Ankara-Turkey.
| | - Cihat Şafak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, 06100, Ankara-Turkey.
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15
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Transition metal-free one-pot synthesis of nitrogen-containing heterocycles. Mol Divers 2015; 20:185-232. [DOI: 10.1007/s11030-015-9596-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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16
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Shaaban S, Abdel-Wahab BF. Groebke–Blackburn–Bienaymé multicomponent reaction: emerging chemistry for drug discovery. Mol Divers 2015; 20:233-54. [DOI: 10.1007/s11030-015-9602-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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17
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Glasnov T. Highlights from the Flow Chemistry Literature 2013 (Part 4). J Flow Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1556/jfc-d-14-00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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18
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Yokozawa S, Ohneda N, Muramatsu K, Okamoto T, Odajima H, Ikawa T, Sugiyama JI, Fujita M, Sawairi T, Egami H, Hamashima Y, Egi M, Akai S. Development of a highly efficient single-mode microwave applicator with a resonant cavity and its application to continuous flow syntheses. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra12428f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A new microwave applicator specifically designed for continuous flow synthesis has been developed and tested in the Fischer indole synthesis and in the Diels–Alder reaction to afford the reaction products at a scale of 100 g h−1.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Takashi Ikawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Osaka University
- Suita
- Japan
| | - Jun-ichi Sugiyama
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology
- Tsukuba
- Japan
| | - Masashi Fujita
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- University of Shizuoka
- Shizuoka
- Japan
| | - Taira Sawairi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- University of Shizuoka
- Shizuoka
- Japan
| | - Hiromichi Egami
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- University of Shizuoka
- Shizuoka
- Japan
| | | | - Masahiro Egi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- University of Shizuoka
- Shizuoka
- Japan
| | - Shuji Akai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Osaka University
- Suita
- Japan
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19
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Gündüz MG, İşli F, El-Khouly A, Yıldırım Ş, Öztürk Fincan GS, Şimşek R, Şafak C, Sarıoğlu Y, Öztürk Yıldırım S, Butcher RJ. Microwave-assisted synthesis and myorelaxant activity of 9-indolyl-1,8-acridinedione derivatives. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 75:258-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.01.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Revised: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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20
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Baraldi PT, Noël T, Wang Q, Hessel V. The accelerated preparation of 1,4-dihydropyridines using microflow reactors. Tetrahedron Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2014.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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