1
|
Molecular Analysis of the ABCA4 Gene Mutations in Patients with Stargardt Disease Using Human Hair Follicles. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103430. [PMID: 32413971 PMCID: PMC7279462 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
ABCA4 gene mutations are the cause of a spectrum of ABCA4 retinopathies, and the most common juvenile macular degeneration is called Stargardt disease. ABCA4 has previously been observed almost exclusively in the retina. Therefore, studying the functional consequences of ABCA4 variants has required advanced molecular analysis techniques. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether human hair follicles may be used for molecular analysis of the ABCA4 gene splice-site variants in patients with ABCA4 retinopathies. We assessed ABCA4 expression in hair follicles and skin at mRNA and protein levels by means of real-time PCR and Western blot analyses, respectively. We performed cDNA sequencing to reveal the presence of full-length ABCA4 transcripts and analyzed ABCA4 transcripts from three patients with Stargardt disease carrying different splice-site ABCA4 variants: c.5312+1G>A, c.5312+2T>G and c.5836-3C>A. cDNA analysis revealed that c.5312+1G>A, c.5312+2T>G variants led to the skipping of exon 37, and the c.5836-3C>A variant resulted in the insertion of 30 nucleotides into the transcript. Our results strongly argue for the use of hair follicles as a model for the molecular analysis of the pathogenicity of ABCA4 variants in patients with ABCA4 retinopathies.
Collapse
|
2
|
Aboulhoda BE, Abd el Fattah S. Bone marrow-derived versus adipose-derived stem cells in wound healing: value and route of administration. Cell Tissue Res 2018; 374:285-302. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-018-2879-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
3
|
Zhuo Y, Wang L, Ge L, Li X, Duan D, Teng X, Jiang M, Liu K, Yuan T, Wu P, Wang H, Deng Y, Xie H, Chen P, Xia Y, Lu M. Hypoxic Culture Promotes Dopaminergic-Neuronal Differentiation of Nasal Olfactory Mucosa Mesenchymal Stem Cells via Upregulation of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α. Cell Transplant 2017; 26:1452-1461. [PMID: 28901191 PMCID: PMC5680974 DOI: 10.1177/0963689717720291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Olfactory mucosa mesenchymal stem cells (OM-MSCs) display significant clonogenic activity and may be easily propagated for Parkinson's disease therapies. Methods of inducing OM-MSCs to differentiate into dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons using olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) are thus an attractive topic of research. We designed a hypoxic induction protocol to generate DAergic neurons from OM-MSCs using a physiological oxygen (O2) level of 3% and OEC-conditioned medium (OCM; HI group). The normal induction (NI) group was cultured in O2 at ambient air level (21%). The role of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) in the differentiation of OM-MSCs under hypoxia was investigated by treating cells with an HIF-1α inhibitor before induction (HIR group). The proportions of β-tubulin- and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive cells were significantly increased in the HI group compared with the NI and HIR groups, as shown by immunocytochemistry and Western blotting. Furthermore, the level of dopamine was significantly increased in the HI group. A slow outward potassium current was recorded in differentiated cells after 21 d of induction using whole-cell voltage-clamp tests. A hypoxic environment thus promotes OM-MSCs to differentiate into DAergic neurons by increasing the expression of HIF-1α and by activating downstream target gene TH. This study indicated that OCM under hypoxic conditions could significantly upregulate key transcriptional factors involved in the development of DAergic neurons from OM-MSCs, mediated by HIF-1α. Hypoxia promotes DAergic neuronal differentiation of OM-MSCs, and HIF-1α may play an important role in hypoxia-inducible pathways during DAergic lineage specification and differentiation in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhuo
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Haikou Hospital of Xiangya School of Central South University, Haikou, China
| | - Lite Ge
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Xuan Li
- Cardiopulmonary Function Test Center, Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Da Duan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University (PLA 163 Hospital), Changsha, China
| | - Xiaohua Teng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University (PLA 163 Hospital), Changsha, China
| | - Miao Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Kai Liu
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Ting Yuan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University (PLA 163 Hospital), Changsha, China
| | - Pei Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University (PLA 163 Hospital), Changsha, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University (PLA 163 Hospital), Changsha, China
| | - Yujia Deng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University (PLA 163 Hospital), Changsha, China
| | - Huali Xie
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Ping Chen
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Ying Xia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Haikou Hospital of Xiangya School of Central South University, Haikou, China
| | - Ming Lu
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ma N, Qiao C, Zhang W, Luo H, Zhang X, Liu D, Zang S, Zhang L, Bai J. Original Research: Adipose-derived stem cells from younger donors, but not aging donors, inspire the host self-healing capability through its secreta. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2016; 242:68-79. [PMID: 27521185 DOI: 10.1177/1535370216662363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose-derived stem cells demonstrate promising effects in promoting cutaneous wound healing, but the mechanisms are still not well defined and contradictory views are still debatable. In the present research, we established a mouse cutaneous wound model and investigated the effects of adipose-derived stem cells in wound healing. Adipocyte, adipose-derived stem cells, and epidermal keratinocyte stem cells were isolated from younger and aged donors according to the standard protocol. The conditioned medium either from adipose-derived stem cells or from adipocytes was used to treat epidermal keratinocyte cells. The results showed that adipocytes or adipose-derived stem cells isolated from younger donors demonstrated mild advantage over those cells isolated from aging donors. Adipose-derived stem cells showed stronger stimuli than adipocytes, and the adipose-derived stem cells or adipocytes from younger donors enabled to support higher growth rate of keratinocyte stem cells. The invasion of vasculature was observed at day 10 after posttransplantation in the mice bearing the keratinocyte stem cells or combination of keratinocyte stem cells with adipose-derived stem cells; however, simply inoculating keratinocyte stem cells from aging donors did not result in vasculature formation. Adipose-derived stem cells isolated from younger donors were able to inspire the host's self-healing capabilities, and age-associated factors should be taken into consideration when designing a feasible therapeutic treatment for skin regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ning Ma
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Chenhui Qiao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Weihua Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Hong Luo
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Donghai Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Suhua Zang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Jingyun Bai
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Isolation and characterization of hair follicle stem cells from Arbas Cashmere goat. Cytotechnology 2016; 68:2579-2588. [PMID: 27193423 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-016-9981-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, highly purified hair follicle stem cells from Arbas Cashmere goat (gHFSCs) were isolated using enzyme digestion and adhesion to type IV collagen. The biological characteristics of the gHFSCs were identified by morphological observation, growth curve, markers assay and differentiation in vitro. The gHFSCs were in small cell size with typical cobblestone morphology, good adhesion and high refractive index. Immunocytochemistry staining showed the cells were expressing Krt15, Krt19, CD34, Itgβ1 and Krt14. Cell growth curve indicated that cultured gHFSCs had strong proliferation ability. Krt14 and CD34 were high expressed at the mRNA level, respectively, 39.68 and 24.37 times of the Cashmere goat keratinocytes, and krt15 expression was 5.62 times and itgβ1 expression was 1.81 times higher (p < 0.01). Western blot detected the expression of all the above markers. After osteogenic induction, the cells were positive for Von Kossa staining and expressed Osteocalcin. Sulfated proteoglycans in cartilaginous matrices were positively stained by Alcian blue after chondrogenic induction and COL2A1 was expressed. In myogenic induction, Hoechst 33342 staining evidenced cytoplasm fusion and positive expression of MyoG was detected by immunocytochemistry.
Collapse
|
6
|
Secretome of Olfactory Mucosa Mesenchymal Stem Cell, a Multiple Potential Stem Cell. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:1243659. [PMID: 26949398 PMCID: PMC4753338 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1243659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Revised: 12/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nasal olfactory mucosa mesenchymal stem cells (OM-MSCs) have the ability to promote regeneration in the nervous system in vivo. Moreover, with view to the potential for clinical application, OM-MSCs have the advantage of being easily accessible from patients and transplantable in an autologous manner, thus eliminating immune rejection and contentious ethical issues. So far, most studies have been focused on the role of OM-MSCs in central nervous system replacement. However, the secreted proteomics of OM-MSCs have not been reported yet. Here, proteins secreted by OM-MSCs cultured in serum-free conditions were separated on SDS-PAGE and identified by LC-MS/MS. As a result, a total of 274 secreted proteins were identified. These molecules are known to be important in neurotrophy, angiogenesis, cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis, and inflammation which were highly correlated with the repair of central nervous system. The proteomic profiling of the OM-MSCs secretome might provide new insights into their nature in the neural recovery. However, proteomic analysis for clinical biomarkers of OM-MSCs needs to be further studied.
Collapse
|
7
|
Xie L, Yang R, Liu S, Lyle S, Cotsarelis G, Xiang L, Zhang L, Li B, Wan M, Xu X. TR3 is preferentially expressed by bulge epithelial stem cells in human hair follicles. J Transl Med 2016; 96:81-8. [PMID: 26707825 PMCID: PMC4915568 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2015.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Revised: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
TR3 is an orphan member of the steroid/thyroid/retinoid nuclear receptor superfamily of transcription factors and it plays a pivotal role in regulating cell growth and apoptosis. The expression and function of TR3 in skin have not been well investigated. Using a cDNA expression assay, we discover that TR3 is significantly enriched in human telogen bulge compared with anagen bulb. Immunohistochemical staining confirms that TR3 is highly expressed in the bulge region of human hair follicles and it colocalizes with cytokeratin 15 (K15), an epithelial stem cell marker. To study the function of TR3 in the effect of androgens in keratinocytes, we treat HaCaT keratinocytes and primary human keratinocytes with dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and testosterone (T). The treated keratinocytes show a dose-dependent growth reduction to DHT and T. DHT increases the expression of TR3 in keratinocytes, associated with a concomitant increase of BAD and decrease of Bcl-2 expression. Knockdown TR3 expression by siRNA blocks the inhibitory effect of DHT on keratinocyte proliferation. Our results demonstrate that TR3 is localized to the stem cell compartment in the human hair follicles. Androgen increases TR3 expression in cultured keratinocytes. Our data suggest that TR3 mediates at least part of the inhibitory effect of androgens on keratinocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Xie
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Department of Dermatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China,Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruifeng Yang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Shujing Liu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Stephen Lyle
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - George Cotsarelis
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Leihong Xiang
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Litao Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Tianjin Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Miaojian Wan
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaowei Xu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
Cancer development is a multiple-step process involving many cell types including cancer precursor cells, immune cells, fibroblasts and endothelial cells. Each type of cells undergoes signaling and functional changes during carcinogenesis. The current challenge for many cancer researchers is to dissect these changes in each cell type during the multiple-step process in vivo. In the last few years, the authors have developed a set of procedures to isolate different cell populations during skin cancer development using K14creER/R26-SmoM2YFP mice. The procedure is divided into 6 parts: 1) generating appropriate mice for the study (K14creER+ and R26-SmoM2YFP+ mice in this protocol); 2) inducing SmoM2YFP expression in mouse skin; 3) preparing mouse skin biopsies; 4) isolating epidermis from skin; 5) preparing single cells from epidermis; 6) labeling single cell populations for flow cytometry analysis. Generation of sufficient number of mice with the right genotype is the limiting step in this protocol, which may take up to two months. The rest of steps take a few hours to a few days. Within this protocol, we also include a section for troubleshooting. Although we focus on skin cancer, this protocol may be modified to apply for other animal models of human diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongsheng Gu
- Department of Pediatrics, Wells Center for Pediatric Research, IU Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University, Indiana, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|